mariupol

Mariupol (UK: , US: ; Ukrainian: Маріу́поль, romanized: Mariupol' [mɐr⁽ʲ⁾iˈupolʲ] (listen); also Маріюпіль Mariiupil [mɐr⁽ʲ⁾iˈjupilʲ]; Russian: Мариу́поль, romanized: Mariúpol' [mərʲɪˈupəlʲ]; Greek: Μαριούπολη, romanized: Marioúpoli) was a city in south eastern Ukraine, situated on the north coast of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Kalmius river, in the Pryazovia region. It was the tenth-largest city in Ukraine, and the second largest in Donetsk Oblast with a population of 431,859 (2021 est.).Mariupol is now a destroyed city. In February and March of 2022 the city was besieged and severely damaged during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukrainian authorities stated that about 90% of buildings in Mariupole were now damaged or destroyed. Sky News from the UK described videos as showing "civilian areas left unrecognisable by the bombing." Sky News also quoted the Red Cross as describing "Apocalyptic destruction in Mariupol." On 19 March 2022 a Ukrainian police officer in Mariupol made a video in which he said "Children, elderly people are dying. The city is destroyed and it is wiped off the face of the earth." The video was authenticated by the Associated Press.Allegations of human rights violations carried out by Russian forces in Mariupol as well as allegations of war crimes have been made. The city was given the title Hero City of Ukraine on 13 March 2022.Mariupol was founded on the site of a former Cossack encampment known as Kalmius, and granted city rights in 1778. Mariupol played a key role in the industrialization of Ukraine, and has been a centre for the grain trade, metallurgy, and heavy engineering, including the Illich Steel & Iron Works and Azovstal. Today, Mariupol remains a centre for industry, as well as for higher education and business.
From 1948 to 1989, the city was named Zhdanov, after the Soviet functionary Andrei Zhdanov, as part of the practice of renaming cities after Communist leaders.Following the War in Donbas when the city of Donetsk became the capital of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in 2014, Mariupol was made the provisional administrative centre of the Donetsk Oblast. The city was secured on June 13, 2014 by Ukrainian troops, but has been under attack several times since.

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