DRC yazuiya Rwanda kutumia anga lake

DRC yazuiya Rwanda kutumia anga lake

MBOKA NA NGAI

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Ndege zote zilizosajiliwa nchini Rwanda au kwingineko lakini zenye Makao yake nchini Rwanda, zimepigwa marufuku kuruka juu ya anga ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC), Mamlaka ya DR Congo imechukua hatua hiyo kutokana na vita vya uchokozi vilivyosababisha vifo vya Wacongo 3,000 ndani ya siku nne huko Goma.

Katika robo ya mwisho ya 2024, Rwanda ilivuruga mawimbi ya GPS Mashariki na kuhatarisha abiria wanaoingia kwenye njia za kibiashara katika sehemu hii ya nchi.

Ujumbe wa Umoja wa Mataifa nchini DRC ulishutumu tabia hiyo ambayo ni kinyume cha katika sekta hiyo.Itakumbukwa kuwa mnamo Agosti 1998, Wanajeshi wa Rwanda walipanda Ndege ya kiraia ya Congo ili kusafirisha Wanajeshi hadi kambi ya kijeshi ya Kitona (Kongo ya kati, Magharibi mwa nchi) katika jaribio la kuichukua Kinshasa.
 
TOKA MAKTABA :
August 24, 2022
Rwanda Yarejesha Udhibiti wa Anga ya Juu Baada ya Miaka 30 . Rwanda sasa itakuwa na mamlaka kamili juu ya anga yake ya juu, baada ya zaidi ya miongo mitatu mikononi mwa serikali ya Tanzania.

Njia za hewa ya juu (UARs) hukaa juu ya njia za ndege kubwa za kiraia. Vikomo vyao vya wima kwa kawaida ni FL 250 (futi 25,000) - FL 460 (futi 46,000).


Rwanda sasa imepata uwezo wa kutoa huduma za anga ya juu kwa ndege katika anga lake pia kutoa huduma kwa ndege zinazokatiza anga lake, ilikuwa inatumia huduma kutoka Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga ya Tanzania TCCA

RADAR ZA TANZANIA, ZINAUWEZO ZINAHUDUMIA HADI ANGA ZA NCHI JIRANI

Rwanda regains control of upper airspace 5 decades later
Wednesday, August 24, 2022
Edwin Ashimwe
Silas Udahemuka, Director General of Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (left), and his Tanzanian counterpart Hamza Johari (right), alongside Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Infrastructure Fidèle Abimana (centre), during the signing ceremony in Kigali on August 16. Photo: Courtesy.

Silas Udahemuka, Director General of Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (left), and his Tanzanian counterpart Hamza Johari (right), alongside Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Infrastructure Fidèle Abimana (centre), during the signing ceremony in Kigali on August 16. Photo: Courtesy.


Rwanda will now have full control over her upper aerial space, nearly five decades in the hands of the government of Tanzania.

A handover deed was signed last week by both governments after Rwanda notified of her intention to withdraw and directly discharge her responsibility of providing air traffic services in her upper airspace.

Silas Udahemuka, Director General of Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA) and Tanzanian counterpart Hamza Johari, alongside Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Infrastructure Fidèle Abimana as well as Barry Kashambo, Regional Director of ICAO Eastern and Southern African (ESAF), presided over the signing ceremony in Kigali.

According to RCAA, the country’s upper airspace was delegated to Tanzania in 1973 for provision of air traffic services.

However, officials said, to be able to regain her airspace, Rwanda fronted different reasons including improving safety in Kigali Flight Information Region (FIR) as well as meeting regulatory requirements such as Search and Rescue (SAR) obligations.

And following several coordination meetings led by The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), Rwanda was permitted to continue with the process to take over the airspace.

ICAO ordinarily gives the control of the upper airspace.
According to Serge Tuyihimbaze, an aviation expert based in Kigali, countries delegate provision of air traffic service for either technical, operational, safety or efficiency considerations.

Tuyihimbaze, who is also the Managing Director at Leapr Labs-a local drones company, argues that the opportunity in delineation of airspace lying across national boundaries could be targeting the proposed value alongside the previous aspects.

"But the opportunity cost in my opinion is around any barriers that may result in delegation of state sovereignty over airspace for provision of air traffic services,” he said.

"Of course having full control of your territory, being the airspace and ground, means a lot politically, looking at factors like independence, and others... And economically, if there was a big cost related to the provision of such services, the cost is saved! Or if real-time processing of Air Traffic data for future use is an option, this can have a good impact economically through Data Science innovations.”

For Alex Nwuba, a regional aviation analyst, countries may not wish to or cannot afford to offer navigation services over their upper airspace, in which case they delegate it over to another country or agency.

Much as Rwanda is restraining its upper space, Nwuba said, it is still a participant in the East Africa Community Unified Flight Information Region (UFIR) that creates a single block of upper airspace over Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda, operating from a single area control centre under the regional open skies agreement.

"Thus it negates any opportunity cost. In Europe, this control is by Eurocontrol and AESCHNA with the francophone African nations who share the benefits.”

1 shared similar sentiments with Tuyihimbaze, citing that the economic gains include collection of overflight fees while security makes a big part of the security gains.

Matthias Twahirwa, a pilot who spoke to The New Times, explained that up until recently, all aircraft flying over Rwanda above 24500 ft. didn’t need the country’s permission, but they needed permission from Dar es salam.

This was also particularly the same case for Rwanda which could not launch any object in space without Tanzania’s permission.

"Imagine if we started launching weather balloons, satellites now that we have the space agency. All that would be easy, since we would have our space back. It’s like having land but not owning the rights to use it however you want.”

On the economic front, some countries can make up to $1 million a day from airspace usage, according to Twahirwa.

Besides the handover ceremony, Johari accompanied by Tanzanian delegation, also visited Kigali International Airport and held a meeting with Rwandan aviation stakeholders including the management of Rwanda Airports Company and RCAA.
Both sides, officials said, shared experiences and best practices in regulatory services
 
Kongo ijenge kambi za jeshi na military academy nyingi kuzunguka majimbo yake ya mashariki ikiwemo goma na kuwe na Doria mara kwa mara kukagua wananchi wenye silaha na ikiwezekana kujenga wall ktk mpaka wake na Rwanda.
 
Rwanda sasa imepata uwezo wa kutoa huduma za anga ya juu kwa ndege katika anga lake pia kutoa huduma kwa ndege zinazokatiza anga lake

Mapigano ya M23 na serikali ya Congo, kuongeza gharama za uendeshaji wa RwandAir shirika la ndege la nchi ya Rwanda baada ya DR Congo kupiga marufuku shirika la ndege la Rwanda kutumia anga la Congo hivyo kuleta uwanja mwingine wa mapambano ya kiuchumi :


Mapambano yahamia angani : Kupanda kwa Gharama za Mchepuko wa miruko ya RwandAir Kutokana na Marufuku ya Anga ya DRC​


Mapambano ya Skyward: Kupanda kwa Gharama za Mzunguko wa RwandAir Kutokana na Marufuku ya Anga ya DRC
Rwanda Air
FRI 14 FEB, 2025 16:40
Na Bridget Nsimenta

RwandAir inakabiliwa na changamoto zinazoongezeka na kupanda kwa gharama kutokana na marufuku ya anga ya DR Congo, pamoja na muda mrefu wa safari za ndege, gharama kubwa za mafuta na kazi, na athari zinazoweza kujitokeza kwa uaminifu na faida kwa abiria.
Kufungwa hivi karibuni kwa anga ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kwa ndege zilizosajiliwa Rwanda kumesababisha athari mbaya, sio tu katika mvutano wa kidiplomasia lakini pia katika changamoto kubwa za biashara kwa shirika la ndege la RwandAir.

RwandAir kubadili njia za ndege, ikiwa ni pamoja na njia yake kuu ya kuelekea Ulaya na miruko kuelekea Afrika ya Magharibi.



Siku ya Jumanne, Agence Congolaise de Presse iliripoti, ikinukuu mamlaka ya viwanja vya ndege ya Kongo, kwamba barua ya ndani ilitolewa inayopiga marufuku "kuruka juu na kutua katika eneo la Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo kwa ndege zote za kiraia na za serikali zilizosajiliwa nchini Rwanda au zile zilizosajiliwa kwingineko nchini Rwanda kutokana na ukosefu wa usalama uliosababishwa na mzozo wa kivita."


Ingawa hatua hiyo inaweza kuonekana kama ujanja wa kisiasa, matokeo yake ya vitendo ni makubwa kwa shirika la ndege na abiria wake.

Ndege ya RwandAir ya Kigali hadi London, ambayo zamani ilikuwa njia ya moja kwa moja kupitia anga ya DR Congo, sasa inakumbana na mchepuko wa hadi saa mbili.

Abiria wameonyesha kufadhaika huku wengine wakifananisha uzoefu wao wa story za kutekwa nyara ndege. shirika la ndege la Ethiopia Airlines , likiruka juu ya anga ya DR Congo Alhamisi jioni, yalikuwa na hali ya wasiwasi katikati ya angani huku udhibiti wa usafiri wa anga ukithibitisha hali yao baada ya kutoka Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Kigali.

"Ninahisi kama mmoja wa wale mateka wa bahati mbaya wa Palestina na Israeli katika vita vya Mashariki ya Kati ambavyo hawakuisababisha," Dk Sam Akaki, mmoja wa abiria wengi walioathiriwa alinukuliwa.

RwandAir imesema inatafuta njia mbadala ili kupunguza athari kwa abiria. Hata hivyo, Fiona Mbabazi, meneja wa masuala ya uendeshaji wa shirika hilo la ndege, hakujibu maswali Ijumaa kuhusu iwapo suluhu lilikuwa limepatikana.

Mchepuko huo wa miruko (flight path) sio tu huongeza matumizi ya mafuta lakini pia huongeza gharama za wafanyikazi kwa sababu ya muda mrefu wa mruko wa ndege.

Ripoti zimeibuka kuhusu baadhi ya abiria kutafuta mashirika mbadala ya ndege, lakini mtaalamu wa masuala ya anga mjini Kampala anaamini kuwa kuna sababu ndogo ya kuacha kuwa mteja mwaminifu (loyal customer).

"Kughairi kunaweza kusiwe chaguo kwa watu wanaosafiri kwa ndege ya RwandAir-wanaiona kuwa ina ushindani wa bei nafuu na wamezoea shida," mtaalamu huyo alisema.

Mtaalam huyo alipuuza wasiwasi kwamba mchepuko wa ziada wa saa mbili ungezuia abiria, akielezea kwamba upotevu wa muda unaweza kupunguzwa kwa ndege kuongeza spidi ya kasi.

"Kila shirika la ndege lazima litumie eneo lao lililotengwa maalum katika uwanja wa ndege ," aliongeza.

Gharama ya kubadilisha njia ya ndege kama Airbus A330, ambayo kwa kawaida hutumiwa na RwandAir kwa safari za masafa marefu, inakadiriwa kuongeza mafuta ya dola za kimarekani $72,354 kila siku.

Zaidi ya hayo, shirika la ndege hulipa gharama ya ziada ya U$67,586 kila siku, kutokana na kuongezeka kwa saa za safari za ndege na muda mrefu wa majukumu ya wafanyakazi.

Athari kubwa ni juu ya matumizi ya mafuta, ambayo ni ya juu wakati wa kuruka kwa kasi ili kupunguza upotevu wa muda.

Hivi sasa, safari za ndege kuelekea Afrika ya kati na Magharibi na Ulaya zinapitia Uganda na Sudan Kusini, kabla ya kuingia anga ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati CAR.

Wataalamu wanasema marufuku ya anga ya DR Congo sio tu suala la moja kwa moja kwa ndege zilizosajiliwa Rwanda; inaathiri mashirika mengine ya ndege pia.

Kwa kujibu uamuzi wa Kinshasa, pia Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga ya Uingereza ilitoa Notisi kwa Wanahewa, inayohitaji safari za ndege kukaa angalau maili 200 za nautical kutoka urefu wote wa mpaka wa DR Congo-Rwanda-Uganda pia iruke urefu wa angalau futi 25,000 ili kuepusha kupigwa kombora kwa bahati mbaya.

"Kwa hivyo kimsingi, ndege zote zitabidi kurekebisha miruko yao iwe mbali kabisa na kuambaa karibu ya mipaka ya Congo ," mtaalam alisema.

Utata wa uelekezaji upya huu unachangiwa na saizi kubwa ya anga ya DR Congo. Eneo hilo, ambalo lina ukubwa wa takriban nchi tano za anga za kitaifa, hutumika kama njia muhimu kwa mashirika ya ndege ya Afrika Mashariki kuruka hadi Ulaya.

Bila hivyo, mashirika ya ndege kama RwandAir yanalazimika kuruka umbali mrefu zaidi, na kuathiri faida na upangaji ratiba.

Mbali na kuongezeka kwa gharama, shida ya vifaa kwenye shirika la ndege ni kubwa. Safari za ndege za RwandAir kuelekea London hivi majuzi zililazimika kusimama kwa dharura katika uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Entebbe nchini Uganda.

Kituo hicho ambacho hakikupangwa kiliongeza muda wa saa tano kwa ndege hiyo, na kusababisha abiria kufika saa nane na nusu kuliko ilivyopangwa.

Ucheleweshaji huo uliwaacha abiria wakiwa wamechoka, huku wengine wakionyesha kufadhaika kwa muda mrefu wa kusubiri, na muda mrefu zaidi wa majukumu ya wafanyakazi.

Wataalamu wa masuala ya usafiri wa anga wanaonya kuwa gharama za uendeshaji zilizoongezwa zinazohusiana na kukwepa kupita anga la DR Congo sio tu zitaathiri fedha za RwandAir lakini pia zinaweza kuathiri mauzo ya tikiti.

Abiria, ambao tayari wanakabiliwa na muda mrefu wa safari za ndege na bei za juu za tikiti kwa sababu ya maelekezo mapya, wanaweza kufikiria upya mipango yao ya safari, haswa njia mbadala zinapoibuka.

Muda ulioongezwa wa safari za ndege unaweza kusababisha wengi kutafuta safari za ndege zenye njia za moja kwa moja, iwe kupitia mashirika mengine ya ndege au ndege zinazounganisha ambazo zinakwepa anga ya DR Congo.

Usumbufu unaoendelea unatishia njia za Ulaya za RwandAir, ambazo ni muhimu kwa faida ya shirika la ndege, hasa kwa wasafiri wa biashara ambao wanategemea safari za ndege kwa wakati na za moja kwa moja.

Kufungwa kwa anga kuna athari kubwa zaidi, kuathiri huduma za RwandAir kwa Afrika ya Kati na Magharibi. Njia hizi, muhimu kwa muunganisho wa kikanda, pia zimetatizwa kwa kiasi kikubwa, na kulazimisha shirika la ndege kubadilisha njia hizi za ndege na kuongeza zaidi utata wa uendeshaji.

Changamoto ya RwandAir inakumbusha uzoefu wa Qatar Airways wakati wa kizuizi cha kisiasa cha 2017. Qatar Airways, iliyopigwa marufuku kuruka katika anga ya nchi kadhaa jirani, ililazimika kuchukua njia ndefu na za gharama kubwa zaidi.

Shirika hilo la ndege, ambalo linafanya kazi pekee katika njia za kimataifa, lilikabiliwa na matatizo makubwa ya kifedha kwa miaka mingi, likichapisha hasara mfululizo kutokana na kizuizi hicho.

Kama vile RwandAir, Shirika la Ndege la Qatar lilikabiliwa na gharama ya juu ya mafuta, kuongezeka kwa changamoto za uendeshaji, na matatizo ya kuridhika kwa abiria kutokana na kuchelewa na kubadilishwa kwa njia za ndege.

Hali ya Qatar Airways ilizidishwa na mapungufu ya uwezo wa kubadili njia za mruko na athari za janga hilo. Walakini, kizuizi kilipoondolewa mnamo 2021, shirika la ndege lilipata tena njia zake bora za ndege, na kuongeza mapato na kurudi kwenye faida.

RwandAir inaweza kupata afueni sawa pindi hali ya kisiasa na DR Congo itakapotatuliwa, na kuiruhusu kurejea kwenye njia za ndege za moja kwa moja na za gharama nafuu.

Madhara mapana ya marufuku ya anga ya DR Congo yanahusu, sio tu kwa RwandAir lakini kwa sekta ya anga ya kikanda kwa ujumla.

Kuongezeka kwa gharama za uendeshaji kunaweza kusababisha bei ya juu ya tikiti, na kufanya njia za Afrika Mashariki kutokuwa na ushindani ikilinganishwa na safari zingine za ndege za kimataifa.

Zaidi ya hayo, kutokuwa na uhakika kuhusu sera ya anga ya DR Congo kunaweza kuzuia wawekezaji watarajiwa katika RwandAir, na kuzuia matarajio ya ukuaji wa shirika hilo.

Wataalamu wanaeleza kuwa kufungwa kwa ghafla kwa anga huvuruga sio tu mashirika ya ndege bali pia usafiri wa anga duniani kote, jambo linaloibua wasiwasi kuhusu usalama na ufanisi wa uendeshaji.

Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Usafiri wa Anga (IATA) na Shirika la Kimataifa la Usafiri wa Anga (ICAO) wamesisitiza kwamba kufungwa kwa anga kunapaswa kushughulikiwa kidiplomasia, na miundo imewekwa ili kupunguza athari mbaya kwa trafiki ya anga ulimwenguni.

Kwa sasa, abiria wanaosafiri kwa ndege kutoka Kigali hadi London na maeneo mengine ya Ulaya lazima wakabiliane na muda mrefu wa ndege, ucheleweshaji unaowezekana na gharama kubwa zaidi.

RwandAir inaendelea kutafuta njia mbadala zinazofaa, lakini ushuru wa kifedha (kodi) na kiutendaji unasalia kuwa mkubwa.

Kama Qatar Airways, inaweza kuchukua miaka kabla ya matokeo kamili ya kifedha ya marufuku ya anga kueleweka, inategemewa RwandAir itakumbana na changamoto kama za Qatar Airways.
 
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