English learning thread

Kifyatu said:
Correction in red
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Hiyo correction ni ya nini Mkuu?,

Sentence ya Mkuu uliyokoti ilikua hivi!

What's happening you people?

Hebu nisaidie kwanini umeweka usahihisho hapo na kuna kosa gani?

Naomba unifundishe Mkuu!
 

Mkuu Ntuzu.

Kwanza kabisa. Kama unataka kujifunza lugha hii, inabidi ujitayarishe kisaikolojia vile vile.

Ukisema tu lugha hii ni ya "Mkoloni" unapeleka "negative energies" katika ubongo na kufanya isite kufanya kazi vizuri. Kusoma kitu chichote lazima uwe tayari kusoma.

Ukoloni= Negative thoughts ( mateso, vifo, ubaguzi, njaa n.k)

Negative Thoughts = ubongo unasita.

Kwa wataalamu wa Saikolojia watanisahihisha kama nimekosea.

Pili, lugha inakwenda na utamaduni.

Kila nchi Ina utamaduni wake.

Salamu za "inakuwaje" kwanza ni Kiswahili cha mtaani, pili hakita leta maana ikitafsiriwa au tukitafuta neno lingine kwa sababu:

1. Mizizi ya lugha ni tofauti.
2. Lugha za mitaani zinagusa utamaduni wa watu.

3. Kila nchi Ina utamaduni tofauti,

Kwa mfano, salamu siyo sawa. Wengine hawapendi kujua au kuulizwa maswali mengi ambayo ni salamu za kawaida Tanzania.

Hawana " watoto/shemeji hawajambo" kwa sababu hawapendi kuingiliana katika mambo yao binafsi.

Pia, salamu za mitaani ni tofauti nchi kwa nchi kutokana na utamaduni wao.

1. Mates - rafiki Australia na Uiingereza

2. Buddies - rafiki Marekani

3. Howdy? = how are you ? USA

4. What's up? = how are you ? USA

5. What's going on? = how are you ?
USA

Pia, kuna lugha ya mwili. Kila jamii inatumia mwili tofauti tunapoongea. Siyo wote wanapenda kuwashika huku mnaongea au "unakula tano".

Ukisoma lugha nyingine kama Kijapani, salamu ni moja tu na hamna kupeana mkono bali unainama kusalimiana. Na kuna aina tofauti ya kuinama kutokana na mtu unayeongea naye. Kila ukiinama chini zaidi, unazidisha kutoa heshima.

Nadhani lengo la uzi huu ni kusaidia kuelewa sentensi na siyo kuwa kama unakwenda kwenye kozi.

Ndiyo maana wanafunzi wanataka mifano zaidi ya sentensi za Kiingereza ili waelewe zaidi. Tuiite Tuition labda, siyo shule au darasa.

Mimi naweza kukusaidia kuelewa kitu kwa Kiswahili, haina matatizo.

Niuluze nitakujibu kwa uwezo wangu.

Lakini lengo la wengi hapa ni kujua kuandika Kiingereza vizuri na kufundishwa kwa Kiingereza kwa kuwa pengine level yao ni kubwa au wanataka kufanya mazoezi zaidi.
 
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THE -ING FORMS

A verb ending in -ing is either a present participle or a gerund. These two forms look identical. The difference is in their functions in a sentence.

PRESENT PARTICIPLES
A present participle is most commonly used as part of the continuous form of a verb, after verbs of perception, after verbs of movement, or as an adjective.

PRESENT PARTICIPLES AS PART OF THE CONTINUOUS FORM OF A VERB

Present participles are an element in all continuous verb forms (past, present, future, conditional, etc.).

The helping verb will indicate the tense, while the present participle remains unchanging.

EXAMPLES

He is painting.
She was waiting.
They will be coming.
We would be staying.
I would have been leaving.


PRESENT PARTICIPLES AFTER VERBS OF PERCEPTION

Present participles can be used after verbs of perception in the pattern verb + object + present participle to indicate the action being perceived.

EXAMPLES

We saw him swimming across the pond.
I watched her painting Sarah's portrait.
I couldn't hear her singing because of the noise.
I would like to see you knitting sometime.


PRESENT PARTICIPLES AFTER VERBS OF MOVEMENT, ACTION, OR POSITION, TO INDICATE PARALLEL ACTIVITY.

EXAMPLES

She sat looking at the sea.
He walks reading his newspaper.
I cook listening to the radio.
Sally lay listening to the bugs in the grass.

PRESENT PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

EXAMPLES

Did you read that amazing book?
This movie is so exciting!
His economics class is boring.
Read more about using present participles.

GERUNDS
The gerund always has the same function as a noun, although it looks like a verb. It can be used in the same way as a noun.

A GERUND AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

EXAMPLES

Eating people is wrong.
Driving too fast is dangerous.
Walking is good for you.
Your knitting it beautiful.


A GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS

EXAMPLES

Can you sneeze without opening your mouth?
She is good at painting.
I was the fastest at climbing the rope.
He learns music by listening to the chords.

A GERUND AFTER CERTAIN SPECIFIC VERBS

EXAMPLES

I like cooking.
He enjoys walking.
They hate milking cows.
I can imagine drifting away in a balloon.

A GERUND IN COMPOUND NOUNS

EXAMPLES

I took her to her driving lessons.
We are going to the swimming pool.
My uncle does a lot of bird-watching.
I found this pie by dumpster-diving.

source:edufind.com
 
What Are Past Participles?

Participles are words formed from verbs which can be used as adjectives.

There are two types of participles:

The Past Participle
(usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n)

present, past, past participle

be, was/were, been
sing, sang, sung
drink, drank, drunk
do, did, done
go, went, gone
make, made, made
find, found, found
talk, talked, talked
eat, ate, eaten
swim, swam, swum
read, read, read
write, wrote, written
give, gave, given


Examples of Past Participles Being Used As Adjectives

Here are some examples of past participles being used as adjectives:

The VerbThe Past Participle
To swellswollen eyes
To breakbroken plate
To ruin ruined cake

Past Participles in Participle Phrases

Past participles can often be found in participle phrases.

A participle phrase acts like an adjective.

The boy taken to hospital has recovered.

(The participle phrase "taken to hospital" describes the boy.)

I have a heart wracked with sorrow.
(The participle phrase "wracked with sorrow"describes a heart.)

Battered by the wind, John fell to his knees.
(The participle phrase "Battered by the wind" describes john.)

Finally broken , Lee lowered his gloves.
(The participle phrase "Finally broken" describes Lee.)

source:grammar-monster.com
 
Either mtafute Ras simba au fuata maelekezo hayo
 

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Jenga tabia ya kusoma vitabu. Anza hata na vile vidogo vya hadithi au makala. Alafu wakati unasoma tumia dictionary yako kufahamu maneno mapya na magumu. Kuwa unaandika pembeni list ya maneno ambayo unadhani umeshaanza elewa maana yake.

Na itakuwa bonge la faida kama pia utachukua na English course. Alaf kila mara jaribu kuongea sentensi mbili au tatu ukiharibu tumia maneno uliojifunza toka kwa hadithi. Tafuta mtu muelewa/rafiki ambaye mkiwa na muda ataweza kukusikiliza na kukusahihisha. Utajua tu mkuu.
 
Ntuzu said:
Hiyo correction ni ya nini Mkuu?,

Sentence ya Mkuu uliyokoti ilikua hivi!

What's happening you people?

Hebu nisaidie kwanini umeweka usahihisho hapo na kuna kosa gani?

Naomba unifundishe Mkuu!
Click to expand...


Hapana, alichoandika ni "What's happen you people" na mimi nikamsahihisha kwa kuongeza ing kwa rangi nyekundu, kama inavyoonyesha hapo chini.


By Marire

The topic is about learning English but discussion is going through in kiswahili
*What's happening you people??


 



Good...you are right!
 


Asante Mkuu kwa maelezo yako mazuri! Nimechelewa kuja hapa mapema.

Kwanza si kutumia neno "Mkoloni" kwa maana mbaya ata hivyo nashukuru kwa usahihisho wako.


Pili nakubaliana na wewe kua lugha inakwenda na utamaduni Wa kila nchi. Hilo nalifahamu vzr. Hoja yangu ktk swala la salamu ilikua ni kujifunza salamu kwa mapana Zaidi na si kukomea tu ktk salamu kuu tatu za msingi! Nashukuru ktk hilo umenielewa vzr na umetiririka vzr km nilivyokua nategemea ingawa Mimi sikutumia neno "Salamu za mitaani" kwasababu ni salamu ambazo zinatumika ktk Jamii popote pale duniani ingawa zinaweza kujengwa kwa namna tofauti tofauti kutokana na hiyo Jamii au utamaduni Wa hiyo sehemu! Lkn nakubaliana na wewe kua waweza ziita lugha za mitaani!

Ndio kuna lugha ya mwili pia na ktk hiyo lugha ya mwili na salamu zipo ktk lugha ya mwili. Yote haya mimi nilipenda muyafundishe sio kukomea ktk salamu za msingi kuu 3 tu. Tujifunze hii lugha au mtufundishe hii lugha kwa mapana Zaidi ili siku moja nikikutana na jamaa yangu akanipa tano basi ntajua ananisalimia! Ktk hili nakushukuru Mwalimu umefundisha vzr!

Ni kweli kunaweza kukawa na watu wanahitaji kuongeza vitu ktk kujifunza hii lugha lkn km utafatilia hoja za wadau huko nyuma utagundua kua hakuna mtiririko Wa vitu vya kujifunza! Tunarukia hiki na tuna Rukia kile, na vitu vingine vikubwa ingawa nakubaliana na wewe kua kuna viwango tofauti ktk watu kuelewa hii lugha. Lkn kwa MTU km Mimi, Mimi ni "muanzaji" kwahiyo mnaporukia mambo ya juu huko, mnaniacha hoi kabisa!

Mi ningependa tuanze mwanzo kabisa ktk kujifunza ili tupate msingi mzuri ambao utapelekea kuelewa hii lugha vzr na mbinu zake zote pamoja na kua natambua kuna watu wengine maarifa yao au ujuzi wao ktk hii lugha uko juu sn. Lkn tukianzia mwanzo itakua rahisi kwetu sisi wengine kuelewa vzr!

Asante sn Mkuu
 
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Asante sn ndugu Mwalimu!

Hapa Mkuu naona umegusia kanuni ya "ING". Lkn Mimi nilikua Nina maswali kidogo.

Nitaweza kujua kanuni ya " ING" au nyakati "Tenses" bila kufahamu "Tendo La kuwa" yaani "Verb to be"?

Na hizo "Verb to be" zina maana gani na ni zipi?

Je ninapo tumia "kiwakilishi" "Pronoun" Fulani ni vema kuchagua "Verb to be" sahihi ktk lugha sanifu?

Na hizi "Verb to be" ziko tofauti ktk kila nyakati? Kwa mfano, wakati uliopo, uliopita, ujao na nyakati timilifu?

Ninapotumia viwakilishi vilivyo na wingi, yani "Plural Pronouns" nitumia "verb to be" ipi ktk muda huo? Iwe wakati uliopo, uliopita na ujao?

Na je ktk viwakilishi vya umoja , nitumie "Verb to be" zipi? Ktk nyakati zote? Uliopo, uliopita na ujao?.

Na vipi kuhusu viwakilishi vilivyo na wingi na umoja lkn visivyobadilika km "YOU" vinatumia "Verb to be" zipi?

Walimu wangu kz kwenu Sasa kutuelimisha! Tupeni somo kwa kufafanua kwa kiingereza.


Natanguliza shukrani
 

The Verb To Be

The verb TO BE is the most irregular verb in the English language.

It is normally a linking verb showing existence or the condition of the subject.

It can also be used as an auxiliary verb when forming the passive voice.

The forms of the verb TO BE in English are as follows:

Infinitive: to be
Present: am, is, are
Past: was, were
Present Participle: being
Past Participle: been
Present Subjunctive: be
Past Subjunctive: were
Imperative: be

The Subjunctive Mood

A verb is in the subjunctive mood when it expresses a condition which is doubtful or not factual. It is most often found in a clause beginning with the word IF.

The subjunctive mood of the verb to TO BE be in the present tense and WERE in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is.

Incorrect: If I was you, I would run.
Correct: If I were you, I would run.

(The verb follows if and expresses a non-factual condition.)

Incorrect: I wish he was able to type faster.
Correct: I wish he were able to type faster.

(The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It also suggests a non-factual or doubtful condition.)

Incorrect: His requirement is that everyone is computer literate.

Correct: His requirement is that everyone be computer literate.

(Subordinate clause follows main clause with a demand.)

Incorrect: He recommended that each driver reports his tips.

Correct: He recommended that each driver report his tips.


What is a pronoun?

A pronoun (I, me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever, whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun.

Example.

Joe saw Jill, and he waved at her.
HE and HER are pronouns.


There are three types of pronouns: subject (for example, he); object (him); or possessive (his).

Rule 1. Subject pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence.

Example: ___ did the job.
I, he, she, we, they, who, whoever, etc., all qualify and are, therefore, subject pronouns.

Rule 2. Subject pronouns are also used if they rename the subject. They will follow TO BE verbs, such as is, are, was, were, am, will be, had been, etc.

Examples.

It is he.
This is she speaking.
It is we who are responsible for the decision to downsize.

NOTE

In informal English, most people tend to follow TO BE verbs with object pronouns like me, her, them. Many English scholars tolerate this distinction between formal and casual English.

Example: It could have been them.

Technically correct: It could have been they.

Example: It is just me at the door.

Technically correct: It is just I at the door.

Rule 3. when WHO refer to a personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, we, they), it takes the verb that agrees with that pronoun.

Correct: It is I who am sorry. (I am)

Incorrect: It is I who is sorry.

Correct: It is you who are mistaken. (you are)

Incorrect: It is you who's mistaken.

Rule 4. The pronouns who, that, and which become singular or plural depending on the subject. If the subject is singular, use a singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.

Example: He is the only one of those men who is always on time.

The word WHO refers to ONE Therefore, use the singular verb IS.

Sometimes we must look more closely to find a verb's true subject:

Example: He is one of those men who are always on time.
The word WHO refers to MEN. Therefore, use the plural verb ARE.


Rule 5. Pronouns that are singular (I, he, she, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, each, either, neither, etc.) require singular verbs.

Examples.

Each of the girls sings well.
Either of us is capable of doing the job.
Neither of them is available to speak right now.

Exception: When each follows a noun or pronoun in certain sentences, even experienced writers sometimes get tripped up:

Incorrect: The women each gave her approval.
Correct: The women each gave their approval.

Rule 7. The possessive pronouns yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs, and whose never need apostrophes. Avoid mistakes like her's and your's.

Rule 8. The only time it's has an apostrophe is when it is a contraction for it is or it has.
The only time who's has an apostrophe is when it means who is or who has. There is no apostrophe in oneself. Avoid "one's self," a common error.

Examples.

It's been a cold morning.
The thermometer reached its highest reading.
He's the one who's always on time.
He's the one whose wife is always on time.
Keeping oneself ready is important.

Rule 9. Pronouns that end in -self or -selves are called reflexive pronouns. There are nine reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

Reflexive pronouns are used when both the subject and the object of a verb are the same person or thing.

Example: Joe helped himself.


Incorrect: My brother and myself did it.

Correct: My brother and I did it.

Don't use myself unless the pronoun I or me precedes it in the sentence.

Incorrect: Please give it to John or myself.

Correct: Please give it to John or me.
Correct: You saw me being myself.

Example: Doubting himself, the man proceeded cautiously.

Reflexive pronouns are also used for emphasis.

Example: He himself finished the whole job.

Rule 10. Avoid they and their with singular pronouns.

Incorrect: Someone brought their lunch.

Correct: Someone brought her lunch.
OR
Someone brought his lunch.

Incorrect: Her and her friend came over.

Correct: She and her friend came over.

Incorrect: I invited he and his wife.
Correct: I invited him and his wife.

Incorrect: Bill asked my sister and I.
Correct: Bill asked my sister and me.

Incorrect: Her and I went home.
Correct: She and I went home.

source:grammarbook.com
 
Thanks so much Tokyo40 for your long nice expression. You have done it more than as I was expecting!

So it is power to us as students to read and keep them.

I will be back again with another topic!

Thx.
 
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Mkuu.

Ni vizuri utofautishe lugha. Kuna lugha za mitaani (informal language) na lugha fasaha (formal language).

Lugha za mitaani haimaanishi dharau. Ila kama darasani, huwezi kuandika:

Mambo? = How are you?

Darasani, lugha inayotumiwa katika kujifunza lugha yoyote ni lugha fasaha ( formal language ).

Ndiyo maana nikakwambia lugha na utamaduni zinakwenda pamoja na ni tabu kutafsiri "lugha za mitaa" kwa mwanafunzi mpya wa lugha.

Mfano:

What's up?

Marekani ina maana "Mambo?"

Lakini tukisafsiri kwa Kiswahili ni
"Kuna nini juu?"

Kuelewa lugha, mwanafunzi pia anatakiwa kusoma utamaduni wa watumiaji wa lugha anayosoma.

Neno "poa" au "safi" huwezi kutafsiri katika Kiingereza na kupata jibu sahihi la maana.

Ndiyo maana darasani, wanafunzi wanafundishwa kusoma kwa lugha fasaha tu. Ni vizuri kujua lugha za mitaani lakini maana yake halisi ni ngumu kufundisha mwanafunzi mpya na haitumiki katika mitihani wala katika maongezi ya kibiashara.

Mwisho, kama sijakosea, lengo la uzi huu ni kujibu mtu akiwa na swali lolote la lugha ya Kiingereza.

Sidhani hapa ni sehemu sahihi ya kujifunza kama darasani kwa kuwa siyo kila mtu ni Mwalimu na kuna watu wana level tofauti.

Kama mimi ni wewe, ningekwenda kuchukua kozi ya lugha darasani halafu ningekuja hapa kuuliza kama sijaelewa vizuri darasani.

Fanya hapa kama ni "Tuition", sehemu ya msaada wa ziada wa kufahamu lugha ya Kiingereza na wachangiaji wengi wanapenda kutumia Kiingereza kuuliza swali, kujibu na kueleza.

Kila mtu atakusaidia kwa uwezo na muda wake.
 
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