Mkuu
Aqua,
Tokyo40 nimejaribu sana kufahamu matumizi ya Artical "A' na "The" lakini bado sijafahamu wapi nitumie "A" na wapi nitumie "The".
Pia naomba kujua maana na matumizi ya maneno haya...
* It is been...
* Je, umewahi kuongea kiingereza(tafsiri kwenda kiswahili)
* What are you doing + what do you doing(sentensi ipi ni sahihi)?
I have to ask you in swahili because I have been getting hardship to understand they.
Open School,
Happy Holidays!
1. Have you ever spoken English?
Je, umeshawahi kuongea Kiingereza?
2. What are you doing? Sahihi
Unafanya nini?
3. What do you do?
Unafanya/ una kazi gani?
4. It has been four years since we last met in Dar.
Huwa hautumii "it is been"
Unaongelea tukio liliotokea muda fulani nyuma kutoka sasa.
1. It has been two years since they got married.
2. It has been fifty years since we gained our independence.
"A/an" and "the" are articles.
A/an before a noun shows that what is referred to is not already known to the speaker, listener, writer and/or reader.
1. Do you have a car?
Hapa, hatujui kama analo gari.
Ukiongelea kitu KWA UJUMLA, unatumia "a" kabla ya "noun".
Ukitumia "the" , unaongelea gari ambalo unalijua, umeshalinunua, tunajua mmiliki.
1. He has the most expensive car.
1. A car is very convenient to have.
(Tunaongelea gari kwa ujumla)
2. The red car belongs to John.
(Tunajua tayari gari ni la nani)
1. Do you live in a house?
( hatujui anakaa wapi, hatutumii "the house" bali "a house".
2. The blue house is the biggest in my neighbourhood.
(Tunajua kuwa nyumba ya rangi ya bluu ni kubwa kuliko zote mtaani kwetu)
"The" before a noun shows that what is referred to is already known to the speaker, listener, writer and/or reader.
1. Where did we park the car?
(The speaker and the listener know what car is being referred to.
Other rules using "the":
"The" makes a noun specific.
1. Have you been to an ice rink?l
Unauliza swali kwa ujumla kama ameshawahi kwenda ice skating katika ice rink.
2. Have you been to the ice rink?
Hapo wote wawili, muongeaji na msikilizaji wanajua kuwa wanaongelea ice rink iliyopo mji fulani , hawaongei kwa ujumla, "the" hutumiwa badala ya "an".
Mifano mingine:
Do you have a cat?
Have you seen the black cat?
How do we pronounce "the"?
We pronounce "the" in two ways depending on whether the sound which comes after "the" is a vowel or a consonant:
/ði:/ before vowel sounds. (aeiou)
Hapa unasoma "Thiiiiii"
the exit
the apple
/ðə/ before consonant sounds
Hapa unasoma "Thaaaaaaa"
the team
the union
When do we use articles?
"A/an" and "the" with types of nouns
Countable nouns
We only use a/an with singular countable nouns:
I have a sister and a brother.
That was an excellent meal.
We can use "the" with singular and plural countable nouns:
The lion roared.
The tree fell.
The lions roared.
The trees fell.
Uncountable nouns
We don’t use a/an before uncountable nouns:
Could I have rice instead of potatoes with my fish?
Not: Could I have a rice
I hope we have nice weather.
Not: I hope we have a nice weather.
We can use "the" before uncountable nouns when they refer to a specific example:
The rice we bought in the Indian shop is much better than the supermarket rice.
The weather was awful last summer.
General nouns:
We only use "the"with general plural nouns when we are referring to a specific set within a general class of people or things.
1. Books are so important in my life.
(Books in general)
2. The books were all over the floor.
(specific books)
3. Life is wonderful.
(life in general)
4. The life of a soldier is full of danger. (specifically the life of soldiers, not life in general)
When we talk in general about inventions, musical instruments or cultural institutions (such as the cinema, the theatre, the circus, the opera, the ballet), we often use "the":
1. The computer must be the greatest invention ever.
2. The violin sounds different to the viola.
We use "the"with things known to everyone (the sun, the stars, the moon, the earth, the planet) because they are a part of our physical environment or part of the natural world:
1. The earth moves around the sun.
2. We lay on the grass and watched the stars.
"The" with everyday things:
We use "the" with things that we know as part of our daily lives. The does not refer to particular things in this context.
I don’t buy the newspaper these days.
"The" with Jobs and professions:
When we talk about a person’s job, we use "a":
1. She’s a gardener.
2. He’s an ambulance driver.
"The" with Places:
We use "the"with mountain ranges and some mountains (the Alps, the Eiger), groups of islands (the West Indies), rivers (the Danube), deserts (the Gobi Desert), seas (the Black Sea), geographical regions or habitats (the Amazon rainforest), motorways (the M42), the names of some countries (the People’s Republic of China).
We don’t usually use articles with individual mountains or lakes when the name includes Mount or Lake: Mount Fuji, Lake Victoria. We don’t use articles with continents (Asia), countries (Romania), towns (Edinburgh), and streets (Lumumba Street).
When we talk about particular groups or people within society, we use "the + adjective":
1. I think the rich should pay more tax and that the poor shouldn’t pay any.
2. The young need to be encouraged and supported in society.
"The"with dates:
When we say a specific date, we use the, but when we write it, we don’t use "the":
Speaking: ‘I’ll see you on the twenty fourth of May.’
Writing: I’ll see you on 24th May.
When we talk about months, we don’t use "the":
1.My birthday is in September.
(when you know the date, you use "on September 5th)
When we talk about a specific season, we use "the":
1. The winter of 1947 was one of the coldest in Britain.
2. We’ll definitely visit you in the summer. (meaning next summer)
"The" with Internet, radio and newspaper but mostly not with TV
1. I looked it up on the Internet.
Not: on internet
2. She was on the radio once.
Not: on radio
3. Did you see that story about parrots in the newspaper?
Not: in newspaper
4. There’s usually nothing on TV.
There’s usually nothing on the television. (less common)
"A/an and "the" : typical errors
We don’t use "the" with plural nouns when we are referring to things in general:
1. We have to protect wild animals. (referring to wild animals in general)
Not: the wild animals.
We don’t use the when we refer in general to something abstract or uncountable:
1. I love Japanese food. (all Japanese food/Japanese food in general)
Not: I love the Japanese food.
We don’t use "the" when the noun is not known to the listener or reader:
1. Last Sunday, we saw a film called ‘Nightmare’. (The speaker doesn’t think that the listener knows of this film.)
Not: … we saw the film called ‘Nightmare’.
We don’t use "the" instead of a possessive pronoun:
1. The police asked us to put our hands up.
Not: The police asked us to put the hands up.
We don’t use an article with go to bed:
1. I go to bed at eleven most nights.
Not: I go to the bed at eleven most nights.