Heshima zenu wakuu!
Kwanza ninapenda kuweka wazi kwamba, nimewiwa kuandika mada hii kwa lengo la kutafakari kwa pamoja. Sijanuia kumuudhi, kumkwanza mtu wala kuibua hisia chungu kwa yeyote awaye. Na ikitokea hivyo, ninaomba radhi kwa yeyote atakayetatizwa kwa namna yoyote.
Pili ninapenda kukushirikisha jambo ambalo limenitafakarisha sana juu ya andiko la mwanazuoni nguli Prof. Mahmoud Mamdani.
Kwa miongo kadhaa, nimekuwa nikiona na kusoma makala, vitabu na machapisho mbalimbali juu ya mauaji ya kimbari yaliyotokea nchini Rwanda mwaka 1994, kufuatia mauaji ya rais wa nchi hiyo. Kwa ujumla wake, maandiko haya yote yanakubaliana na ukweli kwamba watu wengi sana walipoteza maisha. Lakini pia waandishi hawa wote wamejikita katika kuongelea kilichotokea kwenye kipindi chote cha genocide.
Kwa leo ninapenda kuongelea kitabu cha Prof. Mahmoud Mamdani kiitwacho "When Victims Become Killers" ambamo kama waandishi wengine, naye anaonyesha kile kilichotokea nchini Rwanda lakini kwa namna tofauti kwani yeye ameanza kwa kuisawiri historia ya Rwanda.
Kupitia kitabu hiki, Prof. Mamdani anasema kuwa, kwa kipindi kirefu Wahutu na Watutsi wamekuwa na mahusiano mabaya ambayo yalichagizwa na wakoloni kushirikiana na Watutsi katika kuwatawala na kuwakandamiza Wahutu. Kitu kilichopelekea Watutsi kuhudumu kwenye nyadhifa za juu kijamii, kiuchumi na za kiutawala.
Baada ya Watutsi kutaka kujitawala kwa kudai uhuru toka kwa rafiki Mbeligiji, mkoloni huyu aliamua kuwakomoa kwa kutoa uhuru kupitia utaratibu wa uchaguzi ambao ulitoa ushindi kwa Wahutu na hivyo Uhuru kukabidhiwa kwa Wahutu.
Utaratibu huu haukupendwa na Watutsi kwa vile wao walishaonekana ndo watawala. Lakini jambo jingine lililokoleza uhasimu ni nia ya serikali kutaka kuleta usawa kwenye maeneo yote. Hasa kwa kugawa fursa kulingana na idadi ya watu wa kabila husika, hii ilipunguza kasi ya Watutsi kujiinua kupitia elimu na nafasi za ajira serikalini. Hivyo kutawaliwa na Wahutu ilikuwa ni fedheha kwao. Kilichofuata ni mapinduzi dhidi ya utawala wa Wahutu.
Historia hii iliendelea kuimarisha uchungu wa kimakabila na utengano baina yao, hivyo kupelekea baadhi yao kuikimbia nchi.
Prof. Mamdani ansema, uchungu huu na udhalili huu wa kipindi kirefu ulipelekea Wahutu kujifanyia sanamu ya ndama na kuanza kuiabudu kama Mungu wao. (Sanamu huyu tunaweza kumuita chuki, hasira na visasi). Wahutu walianza kumuomba ndama wao ili awape taifa la peke yao ambalo hawatatatizwa ama kusononeshwa na Watutsi. Ni ukweli uliodhahiri kwamba mungu wao huyu aliwasikia na hivyo akawashushia amri kumi ili wapate kumuabudu vizuri. Amri hizo ni hizi hapa chini.
THE HUTU TEN COMMANDMENTS
1. Every Hutu should know that a Tutsi woman, whoever she is, works for the interest of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor any Hutu who
marries a Tutsi woman
befriends a Tutsi woman
employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or a concubine.
2. Every Hutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and conscientious in their role as woman, wife and mother of the family. Are they not beautiful, good secretaries and more honest?
3. Hutu women, be vigilant and try to bring your husbands, brothers and sons back to reason.
4. Every Hutu should know that every Tutsi is dishonest in business. His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result, any Hutu who does the following is a traitor:
makes a partnership with Tutsi in business
invests his money or the government's money in a Tutsi enterprise
lends or borrows money from a Tutsi
gives favours to Tutsi in business (obtaining import licenses, bank loans, construction sites, public markets, etc.).
5. All strategic positions, political, administrative, economic, military and security should be entrusted only to Hutu.
6. The education sector (school pupils, students, teachers) must be majority Hutu.
7. The Rwandan Armed Forces should be exclusively Hutu. The experience of the October 1990 war has taught us a lesson. No member of the military shall marry a Tutsi.
8. The Hutu should stop having mercy on the Tutsi.
9. The Hutu, wherever they are, must have unity and solidarity and be concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers.
The Hutu inside and outside Rwanda must constantly look for friends and allies for the Hutu cause, starting with their Hutu brothers.
They must constantly counteract Tutsi propaganda.
The Hutu must be firm and vigilant against their common Tutsi enemy.
10. The Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu Ideology, must be taught to every Hutu at every level. Every Hutu must spread this ideology widely. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for having read, spread, and taught this ideology is a traitor.
Ambapo mwaka 1990 Watutsi walipoanza kuishambulia Rwanda kwa lengo la kuipindua ilileta hofu kwa Wahutu na hivyo kuanza utekelezaji wa amri 10 kwa nguvu kubwa.
1994 ni mwaka ambao dunia ilizizima, iliweweseka, iliugua na kuomboleza kwa namna isiyoweza kutulizwa kutokana na kile kilichotokea Rwanda ambapo mara baada ya mauaji ya marais wa Rwanda na Burundi, mauaji yaliyotokea hayana namna ya kuyaelezea. Wahutu wakiongozwa na azima ya kuwaua Watutsi wote pamoja na Wahutu wasiokubaliana nao yalitapakaa kila sehemu ya Rwanda. Watu walivuviwa roho ya ukatili kupitia dini ya muungu wao mpya na hivyo wakauvua utu wao mzuri wa zamani na kuvaa utu mpya. Ni Mungu peke yake anyejua kwa hasa mateso na masahibu yalowasibu waja wake.
Prof. Mamdani ameniachia maswali ambayo ni vigumu kwangu kuyajibu. Hivyo ninaomba tuyatafakari kwa pamoja.
1. Ni kwa nini kitabu chake aliamua kukiita "When Victims Become Killers?"
2.Je? Sisi nasi tuna lolote la kujifunza kutokana na kitabu hiki na historia ya Rwanda kama ilivyoandikwa kwenye kitabu hiki?
3. Ni nani anatakiwa alaumiwe, Mhutu ama Mtutsi kwa kusababisha mauaji ya kimbari?
4. Je, prof. alikuwa sahihi kuandika habari ya mauaji ya halaiki kwa kuzingatia historia ya nyuma miaka mingi kabla ya mauaji?.
Katika kutafakari haya, nimejikuta nikikumbuka kibwagizo cha wimbo wa Irene Sanga na Mrisho Mpoto uitwao "Salamu zangu kwako" kwa heshima na taadhima naomba niwashirikishe hicho kibwagizo.
Kiitikio
Taifa liwapo na huzuni lazima wote tufunge mikanda kiunoni ili matanga yaishe upesi, majanga yanapozidi kimo mioyo ya wanadamu huota kutu hizo ni salam zangu…
Pepo hazina sifa ila pawapo Jehanamu, uzuri ni kipimo cha ubaya, kwani kiumbe chenye uhai na mauti huongozwa na tamaa salam zangu kwako eeehh!
*Kwamba majanga yanapozidi mioyo ya wanadamu huota kutu!!!
Mungu na aendelee kutuvuvia roho mtakatifu ili tuwe na tafakuri njema, hivyo tukapate kujifunza kutokana na historia.
Tafakari njema.
Kwanza ninapenda kuweka wazi kwamba, nimewiwa kuandika mada hii kwa lengo la kutafakari kwa pamoja. Sijanuia kumuudhi, kumkwanza mtu wala kuibua hisia chungu kwa yeyote awaye. Na ikitokea hivyo, ninaomba radhi kwa yeyote atakayetatizwa kwa namna yoyote.
Pili ninapenda kukushirikisha jambo ambalo limenitafakarisha sana juu ya andiko la mwanazuoni nguli Prof. Mahmoud Mamdani.
Kwa miongo kadhaa, nimekuwa nikiona na kusoma makala, vitabu na machapisho mbalimbali juu ya mauaji ya kimbari yaliyotokea nchini Rwanda mwaka 1994, kufuatia mauaji ya rais wa nchi hiyo. Kwa ujumla wake, maandiko haya yote yanakubaliana na ukweli kwamba watu wengi sana walipoteza maisha. Lakini pia waandishi hawa wote wamejikita katika kuongelea kilichotokea kwenye kipindi chote cha genocide.
Kwa leo ninapenda kuongelea kitabu cha Prof. Mahmoud Mamdani kiitwacho "When Victims Become Killers" ambamo kama waandishi wengine, naye anaonyesha kile kilichotokea nchini Rwanda lakini kwa namna tofauti kwani yeye ameanza kwa kuisawiri historia ya Rwanda.
Kupitia kitabu hiki, Prof. Mamdani anasema kuwa, kwa kipindi kirefu Wahutu na Watutsi wamekuwa na mahusiano mabaya ambayo yalichagizwa na wakoloni kushirikiana na Watutsi katika kuwatawala na kuwakandamiza Wahutu. Kitu kilichopelekea Watutsi kuhudumu kwenye nyadhifa za juu kijamii, kiuchumi na za kiutawala.
Baada ya Watutsi kutaka kujitawala kwa kudai uhuru toka kwa rafiki Mbeligiji, mkoloni huyu aliamua kuwakomoa kwa kutoa uhuru kupitia utaratibu wa uchaguzi ambao ulitoa ushindi kwa Wahutu na hivyo Uhuru kukabidhiwa kwa Wahutu.
Utaratibu huu haukupendwa na Watutsi kwa vile wao walishaonekana ndo watawala. Lakini jambo jingine lililokoleza uhasimu ni nia ya serikali kutaka kuleta usawa kwenye maeneo yote. Hasa kwa kugawa fursa kulingana na idadi ya watu wa kabila husika, hii ilipunguza kasi ya Watutsi kujiinua kupitia elimu na nafasi za ajira serikalini. Hivyo kutawaliwa na Wahutu ilikuwa ni fedheha kwao. Kilichofuata ni mapinduzi dhidi ya utawala wa Wahutu.
Historia hii iliendelea kuimarisha uchungu wa kimakabila na utengano baina yao, hivyo kupelekea baadhi yao kuikimbia nchi.
Prof. Mamdani ansema, uchungu huu na udhalili huu wa kipindi kirefu ulipelekea Wahutu kujifanyia sanamu ya ndama na kuanza kuiabudu kama Mungu wao. (Sanamu huyu tunaweza kumuita chuki, hasira na visasi). Wahutu walianza kumuomba ndama wao ili awape taifa la peke yao ambalo hawatatatizwa ama kusononeshwa na Watutsi. Ni ukweli uliodhahiri kwamba mungu wao huyu aliwasikia na hivyo akawashushia amri kumi ili wapate kumuabudu vizuri. Amri hizo ni hizi hapa chini.
THE HUTU TEN COMMANDMENTS
1. Every Hutu should know that a Tutsi woman, whoever she is, works for the interest of her Tutsi ethnic group. As a result, we shall consider a traitor any Hutu who
marries a Tutsi woman
befriends a Tutsi woman
employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or a concubine.
2. Every Hutu should know that our Hutu daughters are more suitable and conscientious in their role as woman, wife and mother of the family. Are they not beautiful, good secretaries and more honest?
3. Hutu women, be vigilant and try to bring your husbands, brothers and sons back to reason.
4. Every Hutu should know that every Tutsi is dishonest in business. His only aim is the supremacy of his ethnic group. As a result, any Hutu who does the following is a traitor:
makes a partnership with Tutsi in business
invests his money or the government's money in a Tutsi enterprise
lends or borrows money from a Tutsi
gives favours to Tutsi in business (obtaining import licenses, bank loans, construction sites, public markets, etc.).
5. All strategic positions, political, administrative, economic, military and security should be entrusted only to Hutu.
6. The education sector (school pupils, students, teachers) must be majority Hutu.
7. The Rwandan Armed Forces should be exclusively Hutu. The experience of the October 1990 war has taught us a lesson. No member of the military shall marry a Tutsi.
8. The Hutu should stop having mercy on the Tutsi.
9. The Hutu, wherever they are, must have unity and solidarity and be concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers.
The Hutu inside and outside Rwanda must constantly look for friends and allies for the Hutu cause, starting with their Hutu brothers.
They must constantly counteract Tutsi propaganda.
The Hutu must be firm and vigilant against their common Tutsi enemy.
10. The Social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961, and the Hutu Ideology, must be taught to every Hutu at every level. Every Hutu must spread this ideology widely. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for having read, spread, and taught this ideology is a traitor.
Ambapo mwaka 1990 Watutsi walipoanza kuishambulia Rwanda kwa lengo la kuipindua ilileta hofu kwa Wahutu na hivyo kuanza utekelezaji wa amri 10 kwa nguvu kubwa.
1994 ni mwaka ambao dunia ilizizima, iliweweseka, iliugua na kuomboleza kwa namna isiyoweza kutulizwa kutokana na kile kilichotokea Rwanda ambapo mara baada ya mauaji ya marais wa Rwanda na Burundi, mauaji yaliyotokea hayana namna ya kuyaelezea. Wahutu wakiongozwa na azima ya kuwaua Watutsi wote pamoja na Wahutu wasiokubaliana nao yalitapakaa kila sehemu ya Rwanda. Watu walivuviwa roho ya ukatili kupitia dini ya muungu wao mpya na hivyo wakauvua utu wao mzuri wa zamani na kuvaa utu mpya. Ni Mungu peke yake anyejua kwa hasa mateso na masahibu yalowasibu waja wake.
Prof. Mamdani ameniachia maswali ambayo ni vigumu kwangu kuyajibu. Hivyo ninaomba tuyatafakari kwa pamoja.
1. Ni kwa nini kitabu chake aliamua kukiita "When Victims Become Killers?"
2.Je? Sisi nasi tuna lolote la kujifunza kutokana na kitabu hiki na historia ya Rwanda kama ilivyoandikwa kwenye kitabu hiki?
3. Ni nani anatakiwa alaumiwe, Mhutu ama Mtutsi kwa kusababisha mauaji ya kimbari?
4. Je, prof. alikuwa sahihi kuandika habari ya mauaji ya halaiki kwa kuzingatia historia ya nyuma miaka mingi kabla ya mauaji?.
Katika kutafakari haya, nimejikuta nikikumbuka kibwagizo cha wimbo wa Irene Sanga na Mrisho Mpoto uitwao "Salamu zangu kwako" kwa heshima na taadhima naomba niwashirikishe hicho kibwagizo.
Kiitikio
Taifa liwapo na huzuni lazima wote tufunge mikanda kiunoni ili matanga yaishe upesi, majanga yanapozidi kimo mioyo ya wanadamu huota kutu hizo ni salam zangu…
Pepo hazina sifa ila pawapo Jehanamu, uzuri ni kipimo cha ubaya, kwani kiumbe chenye uhai na mauti huongozwa na tamaa salam zangu kwako eeehh!
*Kwamba majanga yanapozidi mioyo ya wanadamu huota kutu!!!
Mungu na aendelee kutuvuvia roho mtakatifu ili tuwe na tafakuri njema, hivyo tukapate kujifunza kutokana na historia.
Tafakari njema.