Kiingereza; Fahamu matumizi ya "which" na 'that"

[Kichuguu]

Washwahili wengi hatujui matumizi ya "which" na "that" katika kiingereza. Kwa vile maneno hayo yanaweza kuwa na maana moja katika kiswahili, basi huwa tunependa sana kutumia "which" hata mahala ambapo ni pa "that." Maneno hayo japo yote yananuganisha vipande viwili vya sentence
huleta maana mbili tofauti kama ifautavyo.

Fikiria sentensi hizi za kiswahili:
(1) Nyumba yangu, ambayo ina milango mitano, iko kwenye kitongoji cha Kariakoo. Sentensi hii maana yake kubwa ni kuwa nyumba Yangu iko kwenye kitongoji cha Kariakoo, ila ninaongezea kueleza kuwa nyumba hiyo ina milango vitano, lakini ingeweza kuwa na milango sita, nyumba ni ile ile.

(2) Nyumba yangu yenye milango mitano iko kwenye kitongoji cha kariakoo. Sentensi hii ina maana kubwa ni kuwa nyumba yangu ya yenye milango mitano iko Kariakoo; hii inassisitiza kuwa ni nyumba yenye milango mitano, siyo tofauti na hapo..

Sentence ya kwanza ndiyo itayoandikwa kwa kiingereza kuw "My house, which has five doors, is located in the Kariakoo suburb", na ile sentence ya pili itaandikwa kwa kiiengereza kuwa "My house that has five doors is located in the Kariakoo suburb." Sentensi hizi zina maana tofauti kabisa kwa msikilizaji wako wa kiingereza.

 

[Mchimba Chumvi]

Which is that?
That is which?

 

[Kichuguu]

Which is that?
That is which?

Nina maana ya maneno hayo kama conjunctions, siyo kama pronouns.

Anagalia sentensi hii: Je habari hizo zamekupa picha uliyotegemea?

Ni kawaida kwa waswahili wengi kuandika kitu kama "Did that information give you a picture which you expected?" ambalo ni kosa. Badala yake inatakiwa iwe "Did that information give you a picture that you expected?"

 

[Kibwetelo]

Haya mkuuu nimekuelewa ni kweli hujakosea.

 

[Culture Me]

Shukrani kwa elimu nzuri

Corona Virus: Stay Home the only Medicine found.

 

[niachiemimi]

Shukran mkuu.

 

[euca]

Hii lugha bhana inachangamoto kwelikweli

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[Mokaze]

"My house, which has five doors, is located in the Kariakoo suburb",

Safi sana mkuu, ila naomba niongeze jambo moja dogo kama hutojali.
Hicho kifungu; "which has five doors,", wengine hukiita a disposable au a non essential clause.

Na ili watu wapate kukumbuka hayo matumizi tofauti ya "Which na that" kupitia kuhifadhi, kuna njia hii; fikiri kwamba "Which" ni kama "a disposable SandWich plastic bag" ambayo mara baada ya kubebea "SandWich" unaweza kuitupa na hapo hiyo plastic bag inakuwa "non essential/isiyo na kazi" kama jinsi neno; Which linapokuwa "non essential" katika hiyo sentensi utakapo ondoa hiyo clause.

Whenever you think of a clause bearing the word "which" you have to think of a disposable sandWich plastic bag.

*Which # sandwich*

 

[Snowpiercer]

Mkuu Kichuguu

My house WHICH has five doors is located in kariakoo (here I have only one house but having 'five doors' is just an additional information, so won't change the meaning if you don't include them five doors in the sentence, that is to say "My house is located in Kariakoo")

Ila unaposema
My house THAT has five doors is located in kariakoo (here I have more than one house but the one with five doors is in kariakoo, so having five doors distinguishes it from the other ones.)

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[Kichuguu]

PjMarLu,
Hayo ndiyo niliyosema, asante kwa kuweka mifano mizuri zaidi, isipokuwa angalia kuwa ile clause ya "which has five doors" lazime itenganishwe na sehemu kubwa ya sentence kwa kutumia comma.

Ni kama Mokaze alivyonyambulisha hapo juu kuwa clause hiyo ni disposable, usiiunganishe na sentensi kuu.

 

[Snowpiercer]

Ni sawa kabisa Kichuguu & Mokaze pia nikazie tu kwamba We should use THAT and WHICH to introduce restrictive clause & non-restricrive clause respectively. So if the sentence doesn’t need the clause that the word in question is connecting, just use WHICH. If it does, use THAT.

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[Kichuguu]

Ni sawa kabisa Kichuguu & Mokaze pia nikazie tu kwamba We should use THAT and WHICH to introduce restrictive clause & non-restricrive clause respectively. So if the sentence doesn’t need the clause that the word in question is connecting, just use WHICH. If it does, use THAT.

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hapo juu niliandika hivi:

Angalia sentensi hii: Je habari hizo zamekupa picha uliyotegemea?

Ni kawaida kwa waswahili wengi kuandika kitu kama "Did that information give you a picture which you expected?" ambalo ni kosa. Badala yake inatakiwa iwe "Did that information give you a picture that you expected?"

 

[Khantwe]

PjMarLu, Hata mimi nilikuwa nawaza kama hivi, mtoa mada sijamuelewa kabisa

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[Drone Camera]

Huku kwa wenyewe huku....wasakatonge na wapenda connection wanapita kimya kimya bila kishindo.

 

[Kichuguu]

Hata mimi nilikuwa nawaza kama hivi, mtoa mada sijamuelewa kabisa

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Ngoja labda nitumie maneno mengine kuwa "which" ni kiungo hafifu, na kinaweza kuondolewa kwenye sentensi bila kubadilisha maana ya sentense wakati "that" ni kiungo thabidi ambacho kikiondolewa basi sentensi inakuwa imepoteza maana yake.

 

[Barakoa]

Mbona kiingereza nilichofundishwa mimi kilikuwa ni kirahisi sana. Nilifundishwa ukiona So...basi ujue kuna that.Ukiona Too...ujue kuna to mbele. Ukiona (I'm,is,was, were and are) basi ujue verb yako lazima iishie na ...ing.

 

[Khantwe]

Ngoja labda nitumie maneno mengine kuwa "which" ni kiungo hafifu, na kinaweza kuondolewa kwenye sentensi bila kubadilisha maana ya sentense wakati "that" ni kiungo thabidi ambacho kikiondolewa basi sentensi inakuwa imepoteza maana yake.

Sawa boss nimekupata.

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[Kallenge Nelson]

Nina maana ya maneno hayo kama conjunctions, siyo kama pronouns.

Anagalia sentensi hii: Je habari hizo zamekupa picha uliyotegemea?

Ni kawaida kwa waswahili wengi kuandika kitu kama "Did that information give you a picture which you expected?" ambalo ni kosa. Badala yake inatakiwa iwe "Did that information give you a picture that you expected?"

Mkuu ivi kwa mfano umeishi dalasa la Saba ukataka ujuwe kuongea kingeleza vzr. Shule gani wapo vizr kufundisha.

 

[Kichuguu]

Mkuu ivi kwa mfano umeishi dalasa la Saba ukataka ujuwe kuongea kingeleza vzr. Shule gani wapo vizr kufundisha.

Kama uko Dar, jiunge na British Council; mafunzo yao ni bure. Kati ya waliopitia pale ni pamoja na Muhidin Michuzi ambaye sasa hivi anamwaga lugha ya malkia kama amezaliwa nayo.

 

[Kallenge Nelson]

Kama uko Dar, jiunge na British Council; mafunzo yao ni bure. Kati ya waliopitia pale ni pamoja na Muhidin Michuzi ambaye sasa hivi anamwaga lugha ya malkia kama amezaliwa nayo.

Ahsante mku ila Niko mkoani