ALWAYS? I hope unafahamu maana ya ALWAYS!
Who own exclusive right ya beat inategemeana na nature ya mkataba! Remember, hapa hatuzungumzii Kibongobongo!
Leo hii ukienda kwa Mkuu wangu
magnifico na akakutengenezea beat na kuuzia at full price... hapo inaweza kuwa defined as Work For Hire!!!
Hapa Producer anakuwa ame-transfer ownership to buyer/artist. Kama magnifico ni smart enough anaweza ku-demand kwamba, hata kama ni Work For Hire (Exclusive License to Artist) lakini mkataba utoe haki ya royalty cuz', IPR mara nyingi kama sio zote zinatoa benefits za royalt kwa creator.
Why inakuwa considered as Work For Hire?! Assume unafungua Studio/Label na ni wewe ndie unalipa 100% ya gharama zote hapo studio. In addition, unaajiri Producer na unamlipa mshahara!
Do you believe hizo beats zitakuwa ni mali ya Producer?!
TIP: Kama wewe ni Producer na mtu anafungua Studio na anakuajiri ni bora badala ya kutolea macho mshahara aliokuahidi, hapo hapo demand mkataba utoe haki ya royalty kwa kazi utakazotengeneza, or unakataa kabisa mshahara lakini una-demand 50/50 ownership of produced materials. In most cases, hakuna atakayekubali kukupatia hiyo 50/50 lakini Royalty unaweza ku-demand.
Kinyume chake, endapo magnifico atakupatia beat bure au at small fee, hiyo inaitwa Non-Exclusive License to artist. Hapa Producer ndo anakuwa na exclusive right ya kazi yake na ndie copyright owner!
Kutokana na hilo, hapa Producer anaweza kuitumia kazi yake tena na tena na msanii huwezi kulalamika kwamba beat ambayo ulitumia Producer kaitoa kwa Artist mwingine kwa sababu ni mali ya Producer.
Hapa ndipo natoa heshima kwa Diamond na Team yake! Mkataba wake na Universal ni Label vs Publisher Contract kwahiyo kazi za Diamond n WBC daima dumu zitabaki ni mali zao.
Kinyume chake, Kiba vs Sony kama hawakuwa makini na mkataba... usije kushangaa ukisikia ngoma zote anazotoa Kiba hivi sasa sio mali yake kwa sababu mkataba wake ni Artist vs Label. Ili tusionekane tuna chuki; haina haja kwenda mbali sana lakini ukizingatia ni Kiba vs Rockstar4000 vs Sony... trust me, ni worse!
On the other hand, the same applies kwenye film industry. Original creator wa film ni Screenwriter/Mwandishi wa Script. Hawa wana mikataba ya aina kuu mbili (Hollywood case)... by percentage production cost ambayo inakuwa between 2.5 to 5% na total sale.
Waandishi wakubwa huwa wana-demand asilimia ya production cost! Kwahiyo kama movie imeekuwa produced $100 Million; Mwandishi anakula $5 Million yake for 5%. Hata hivyo, waandishi wengi huwa wanauza.
Kama Mwandishi umeuza Script yako iwe kwa producer/production company, hapo unakuwa ume-transfer ownership yako to a Buyer! Kuanzia pale unaposaini mkataba kwamba umeuza, unakuwa si tena Copyright Owner wa hiyo script.
Endapo script yako hatai-produce, huwezi kumuuliza kwa sababu umeshachukua chako! In addition, aliyenunua anaweza kuifumua script mzima akabakiza title tu na idea... huwezi kulalamika popote kwa sababu huna chako!!
Depending na nature of contract, hapo subiria tu bonus kama mkataba unataja bonus endapo box office gross revenues itafika kiasi fulani. Pamoja na bonus, labda subiri some lump sum payment endapo inafanyika remake ya filamu husika hapo baadae... or, subiri some few dollars/episode endapo same script inaendelezwa kuwa Tv Series na mambo mengine kama hayo.
Hata hivyo, hayo hayafanyiki kwa sababu wewe ndie mmiliki wa Script... sio ya kwako hiyo kwa sababu ulishauza na hayo yote yanategemeana na mkataba. Hapa ndipo unapokuja umuhimi wa Entertainment Attorneys and not just Lawyers!!!
The ONLY thing ambacho hapo akina mjadala ni CREDIT ambayo si pesa! Kwamba, no matter what, lazima jina la Mwandishi lipite kwenye screen! Hata kama Buyer aliifumua script mzima akabakiza Title peke yake, bado copyright law inamlazimisha kutoa credit za uandishi kwako!!!
Kwa issue ya P Funk na kwa kuangalia industry yetu ilivyo East Africa, sina shaka ni yeye ndie anaweza kuwa na exclusive right! Hata hivyo, asitarajie makubwa sana unless kesi yake iwe P Funk vs Walt Disney na sio P Funk vs Chameleon.
Hata hivyo, hapa kwa P Funk vs Walt Disney watalazimika ku-prove kwamba Walt Disney ametumia soundtrack bila ya ruhusa ya Copyright Owner... meaning, kwamba Cameleon sio exclusive right owner.
Hapa napo atakutana na changamoto nyingine... Je, waliindikishiana Mkataba na Chameleon unaoonesha yeye P Funk ni Exclusive Right Owner wa hiyo kazi? Watu wanadhani Producer ile kutengeneza kazi tu tayari by default anakuwa na exclusive right!
Very complicated.