Wheatgrass is a food prepared from the cotyledons of the common wheat plant, Triticum aestivum. It is sold either as a juice or powder concentrate. Wheatgrass differs from wheat malt in that it is served
freeze-dried or fresh, while wheat malt isconvectively dried. Wheatgrass is also allowed to grow longer than malt is. It provides chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals,vitamins, and enzymes. Claims about the
health benefits of wheatgrass range from providing supplemental nutrition to having unique curative
properties. Some consumers grow and juice wheatgrass in their homes. It is often available in juice bars, alone or in mixed fruit or vegetable drinks. It is also available in many health food stores as fresh produce, tablets, frozen juice andpowder. Wheatgrass contains no wheat gluten.
[TABLE="class: infobox bordered, width: 300"]
[TR]
[TH="colspan: 4, align: left"]Table 1. Nutrient comparison of 1 oz (28.35 g) of wheatgrass juice, broccoli and spinach.[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Nutrient[/TH]
[TH="align: right"]
Wheatgrass Juice[/TH]
[TH="align: right"]
Broccoli[/TH]
[TH="align: right"]
Spinach[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH="width: 33%"]
Protein[/TH]
[TD="width: 22%, align: right"]860 mg[/TD]
[TD="width: 22%, align: right"]800 mg[/TD]
[TD="width: 22%, align: right"]810 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Beta-carotene[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]120 IU[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]177 IU[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]2658 IU[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Vitamin E[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]880 mcg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]220 mcg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]580 mcg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Vitamin C[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]1 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]25.3 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]8 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Vitamin B[SUB]12[/SUB][/TH]
[TD="align: right"]0.30 mcg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0 mcg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0 mcg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Phosphorus[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]21 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]19 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]14 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Magnesium[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]8 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]6 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]22 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Calcium[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]7.2 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]13 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]28 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Iron[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]0.66 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0.21 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]0.77 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]
Potassium[/TH]
[TD="align: right"]42 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]90 mg[/TD]
[TD="align: right"]158 mg[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 4"]
Data on broccoli and spinach from USDA database.[SUP][4][/SUP] Data on Wheatgrass juice from indoor grown wheatgrass.[SUP]
[2][/SUP][/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
Proponents of wheatgrass make many claims for its health properties, ranging from promotion of general well-being to cancer prevention and heavy metal detoxification. These claims have not been satisfactorily
substantiated in the scientific literature.[SUP][1][/SUP]There is some limited evidence of beneficial pharmacological effects from chlorophyll, though this does not necessarily apply to dietary chlorophyll.[SUP][5][/SUP][SUP][6][/SUP]
There are a number of other small studies and pilots on the possible benefits of wheatgrass juice. According to Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,[SUP][7][/SUP] there may be a need for further study of wheatgrass therapy for
ulcerative collitis; they cite a small pilot study which showed regular wheatgrass juice therapy significantly reduced rectal bleeding and overall disease activity.[SUP][8][/SUP]
It has been claimed that wheatgrass helps blood flow, digestion and general detoxification of the body. These claims have not been reliably substantiated. However, in one pilot study of children with thalassemia (a
hereditary form of anemia which often requires blood transfusions), of the patients who were given 100 ml of wheatgrass juice daily, half showed reduced need for transfusions. No adverse effects were observed.[SUP][9][/SUP] Another small study of transfusion-dependent patients suffering frommyelodysplastic syndrome responded
similarly to wheatgrass therapy; that is, the intervals between needed transfusions were increased. In addition, the chelation effect (removal of heavy metals from the blood) was studied for the same patients; the wheatgrass therapy showed a significant iron chelation effect.[SUP][10][/SUP]
In another pilot, which was not placebo controlled, breast cancer patients who drank wheatgrass juice daily showed a decreased need for blood- and bone marrow-building medications during chemotherapy, without diminishing the effects of the
therapy.[SUP][11][/SUP]
The food has demonstrated in vitro cytotoxicity to HL-60 (Human promyelocytic leukemia cells).[SUP][12][/SUP]
Nutritional content
Wheatgrass proponent Schnabel claimed in the 1940s that "fifteenpounds of wheatgrass is equal in overall nutritional value to 350 pounds of ordinary garden vegetables",[SUP][2][/SUP] a ratio of 1:23.[SUP][3][/SUP] Despite claims of vitamin and mineral content disproportional to
other vegetables, the nutrient content of wheatgrass juice is roughly equivalent to that of common vegetables (see table 1).
Wheatgrass is also claimed to be superior to other vegetables in its content ofvitamin B[SUB]12[/SUB], a vital nutrient.[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] Contrary
to popular belief, B[SUB]12[/SUB] is not contained within wheat grass or any vegetable, rather it is abyproduct of the microorganisms living on plants.[SUP][13][/SUP] Analysis of B[SUB]12[/SUB] content in wheatgrass has confirmed that it contains negligible amounts of the compound.[SUP][14][/SUP]
Detoxification
Another common claim for wheatgrass is that it promotes detoxification. The limited data in support of that claim applies to most green vegetables.[SUP][15][/SUP]