Lugha ngumu kufundisha lugha ngumu

[CHUO CHA UFUNDI JITA]

PRONOUNS (VIWAKILISHI)

Pronoun ni neno linalotumika badala ya noun (jina). Kwa maneno mengine ni neno linalowakilisha noun (jina).
Pronouns zipo za aina nyingi kama zifuatazo;

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Hizi ni;
> I………………mimi
> You ………..wewe
> He……………yeye (mvulana/ mwanaume)
> She…………..yeye (msichana/ wanamke)
> It………………yeye(mnyama/chenyewe/kisicho na uhai)
> We…………….sisi
> They…………wao
NB: Hizi hutumika kama subject (hukaa mwanzoni mwa sentensi)


Tazama mifano;
· My name is David. I am the youngest in the family.
· This is my father. He is a teacher.
· This is my mother. She is a lawyer.
· I have a brother and two sisters.
· They are Peter, Sharon and Jenny.
· I have a dog. It is called Lucky.
· Lucky, you are a good dog.
· Good morning, children! You may sit down now.
· My family and I live in a big city. We have an apartment

Personal pronouns zingine ni;
Me, Him, Her, It, Us na them
Hizi hutumika kama object (kinachotendewa)
Tazama mifano;
· I am standing on my head. Look at me.
· My mother is kind. Everybody likes her.
· Lisa, I told you to tidy your bed!

Subject ...................................Object
· I --------------------------------- me
· you ------------------------------you
· he --------------------------------him
· she -------------------------------her
· it ----------------------------------it
· we --------------------------------us
· you -------------------------------you
· they ------------------------------them

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Hizi ni pronouns zinazomrejelea mtendaji. Nazo ni hizi zifuatazo;
Myself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Ourselves, Yourselves, na Themselves
Tazama mifano;
· I made this cake myself.
· Be careful with the knife. You'll cut yourself.
· Michael is looking at himself in the mirror.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

Hizi ni pronouns zinazotumika katika kuuliza. Pronouns hizo ni kama who, whom, whose, what na which.
Tazama mifano;
Ø Who is talking?
Ø Whom are you dancing with?
Ø Whose pen is this?
Ø What is your name?
Ø Which book did you read?

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Hizi ni pronouns za kuonesha. Nazo ni kama This, These, That na Those.
> Utatumia This kama unaonesha kitu kimoja kilicho karibu nawe au kukigusa.
> Utatumia These kama unaonesha vitu vingi vilivyokaribu nawe au ukiwa umevigusa.
Ø Utatumia That kuonesha kitu kimoja kilicho mbali nawe
Ø Utatumia Those kuonesha vitu vingi vilivyo mbali nawe.

Tazama mifano;
Ø This is my house.
Ø This is a hill.
Ø These are donkeys.
Ø What is this?
Ø That is John's house.
Ø That is a mountain.
Ø Those are horses.
Ø What are those?
Ø We can do better than that.

KAMA KUNA MAELEZO YA ZIADA KARIBUNI TUONGEZE UELEWA.