Wakuu,
Mimi ni mmoja wa wale waliosoma Technical School na baadae DIT na baadae elimu ya juu zaidi katika mambo ya Uhasibu.
Sikubahatika kabisa kusoma somo la Geography kwa ngazi ya sekondari maana miaka hiyo Tech school hatukuwa tunasoma Biology, History wala Geography. Hata Physics haikuitwa Physics iliitwa Engineering Science.
Baada ya utangulizi huo sasa naomba msaada, nahitaji kujua Calenda tunayoitumia sasa ilianzaje? Kwa nini kuna miezi 12? Kwanini isiwe miezi16 ndio iwe mwaka? Kwa nini tuna siku 28, 29, 30 na 31 katika mwezi?
Kwa nini mwaka huu tulionao unatofautiana sana na Mwaka wa KIISLAM?
Calenda ya Kiislam imeanzaje anzaje?
Mimi ni mmoja wa wale waliosoma Technical School na baadae DIT na baadae elimu ya juu zaidi katika mambo ya Uhasibu.
Sikubahatika kabisa kusoma somo la Geography kwa ngazi ya sekondari maana miaka hiyo Tech school hatukuwa tunasoma Biology, History wala Geography. Hata Physics haikuitwa Physics iliitwa Engineering Science.
Baada ya utangulizi huo sasa naomba msaada, nahitaji kujua Calenda tunayoitumia sasa ilianzaje? Kwa nini kuna miezi 12? Kwanini isiwe miezi16 ndio iwe mwaka? Kwa nini tuna siku 28, 29, 30 na 31 katika mwezi?
Kwa nini mwaka huu tulionao unatofautiana sana na Mwaka wa KIISLAM?
Calenda ya Kiislam imeanzaje anzaje?
Kalenda ya Kiislam ilianza kutumika baada ya Mtume kuingia Madina kama sikosei na inaitwa Hijra
Kalenda inayotumika sasa inaitwa Gregorian calender,hii kalenda ilikuwa inaitwa Julian calender,ilibadilishwa kutoka Julian kwenda Gregory kwasababu Papa Gregory ndio alitoa tamko la kuibadili na kuanza kutumika upya kwa namna nyingine ikisahihisha makosa yaliyokuwa kwenye julian Calender
Source: Julian to the Gregorian CalendarFrom the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar
The Gregorian Calendar, also known as the "Western Calendar" or "Christian Calendar", is the most widely used calendar around the world today.
September 1752The Gregorian Calendar's predecessor, the Julian Calendar (*), was replaced because it did properly reflect the actual time it takes the Earth to circle once around the Sun, known as a tropical year or solar year.
To get the calendar back in tune with astronomical reality, a number of days were dropped in the new calendar, creating irregular months with only 18 days and odd dates like February 30.
When was the Gregorian Calendar introduced?
The Gregorian Calendar was first introduced in 1582 in some European countries. However, many countries used the Julian Calendar much longer. Turkey was the last country to officially switch to the new system on January 1, 1927.
The Switch around the World
[TABLE="class: zebra tb-cl"]
[TR="class: bg-wt"]
[TH][/TH]
[TH="colspan: 2"]Gregorian Calendar introduction & days dropped[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TH]Year[/TH]
[TH]Country[/TH]
[TH]Days Removed[/TH]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1582[/TD]
[TD]France (most areas), Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain,[/TD]
[TD]10 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1583[/TD]
[TD]Austria, Germany (Catholic states),[/TD]
[TD]10 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1587[/TD]
[TD]Hungary,[/TD]
[TD]10 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1610[/TD]
[TD]Germany (Prussia),[/TD]
[TD]10 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1752[/TD]
[TD]Canada (most areas), United Kingdom (and colonies), United States (most areas),[/TD]
[TD]11 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1872/1873[/TD]
[TD]Japan,[/TD]
[TD]12 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1911/1912[/TD]
[TD]China,[/TD]
[TD]12 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1916[/TD]
[TD]Bulgaria,[/TD]
[TD]13 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1918[/TD]
[TD]Estonia, Russia,[/TD]
[TD]13 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1923[/TD]
[TD]Greece,[/TD]
[TD]13 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]1926/1927[/TD]
[TD]Turkey,[/TD]
[TD]13 days[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 3"]* Note:The list shows only a small selection of countries.[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
Did you know? timeanddate.com's Calendar Generator and Printable PDF Calendars automatically take into account the different dates for the calendar change, meaning that the Julian Calendar is shown by default for years before the switch. It is possible to manually switch to the other calendar system by selecting "Gregorian Calendar" or "Julian Calendar" in the drop-down menu entitled "Country".
Why not the same number skipped?
The Julian Calendar moves slightly slower than the Gregorian Calendar, introducing an error of 1 day every 128 years. This means that the difference between the two calendar systems increases slowly over time. The papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 decreed that 10 days be dropped when switching to the Gregorian Calendar. However, many countries chose to introduce the new calendar in later years. The later the switch occurred, the more days had to be omitted. Currently (years 1901 - 2099), the Julian Calendar is 13 days behind the Gregorian Calendar.
The Gregorian Calendar is not perfect either, though somewhat more precise: it is off by only 1 day in 3236 years.
Is there a perfect calendar?
Too many Leap Years
The reason why the Julian Calendar was out of step with the tropical year was the rule it used to define a Leap Year. The Julian Calendar had only one rule to determine whether a year would have 29 days in February instead of 28. If the year could be divided by 4 then it was considered to be a Leap Year. The Gregorian Calendar on the other hand has a more complicated rule for calculating what years will be Leap Years:
These rules result in fewer leap years, minimizing the inaccuracies of the Julian Calendar.
- The year must be evenly divisible by 4;
- If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is not a Leap Year, unless;
- The year is also evenly divisible by 400. Then it is a Leap Year.
The delay in switching to the Gregorian Calendar meant that different countries not only followed different calendars for a number of years, but also had different rules to calculate whether a year was a Leap Year. This explains why the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 were considered to be Leap Years in countries still using the Julian Calendar (e.g. Greece), while in countries that had adopted the Gregorian calendar (e.g. Germany), these years were not Leap Years.
(*) Please note: The term "Julian Calendar" is sometimes used to describe a calendar showing day numbers (1 - 365/366). However, this article refers to the Julian Calendar which was in use before the introduction of the Gregorian Calendar.