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Shutdown and restart (reboot) problems
Shutdown problems in Windows XP are most commonly caused by what is know in computer circles as legacy hardware - old technology components and peripherals that are not Plug and Play (PnP) devices - and software-compatibility issues.
If your computer was shutting down, but all of a sudden it won't shut down properly, or it restarts during the shutdown, if you installed any new software or drivers, remove the software via Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel, or use the Roll Back Driver feature in the Device Manager (right-click My Computer, click Properties, click the Hardware tab, and find the device, double-click on its entry and open its Driver tab) to restore the old driver. If you discover that a driver is the cause of the problem, try downloading and installing the latest driver for the device from its manufacturer's site. If you installed any new hardware immediately before the problem occurred, obtain the latest driver file available for it in the same way. If the device still causes the problem with the latest driver installed, try a different make and model.
Force a shutdown in Windows XP
The command shutdown -s -f typed into the Start => Run box, or used in a batch file, will make Windows XP shut down even if some software or driver doesn't acknowledge the termination command.
The command shutdown -r -f does the same thing, but with a reboot (-r) instead of a shutdown.
For more about the shutdown command options, go to Start => Help and Support. Use shutdown as the search term, and under Pick a task select Shutdown.
Shutdown utilities
If a computer doesn't shut down due to a device-driver problem, both of the free tools, the links to which are provided below, can force a system shutdown.
Wizmo -
http://grc.com/wizmo/wizmo.htm
Entering the commands Wizmo shutdown! and Wizmo reboot! (with the exclamation marks) in the Start => Run box are the Wizmo equivalents of the shutdown -s -f and shutdown -r -f commands mentioned above.
Show Stopper -
http://www.karenware.com/
The newsletter providing information on Show Stopper -
http://www.karenware.com/newsletters/2003/2003-01-28.asp
Unfortunately, a forced shutdown is sometimes the only option available when device drivers are the cause of the problem. Steve Gibson's Wizmo utility is a multipurpose tool that can be used for several operations, including effecting system shutdowns. Show Stopper from Karen Kenworthy, is more specifically targeted at system shutdowns. It includes a very clear explanation of what is involved with all the various types of shutdowns - power-off, reboot, suspend, hibernate, etc. The use of these two utilities will work only if the shutdown trouble is caused by a device driver and not by a general system problem, so if you suspect it might be something other than a driver issue, then one of the following Google searches might help.
Windows XP -
http://www.google.com/search?q=windows+xp+shutdown+problem
How to customise (US: customize) a computer's power button
You should never press a comoputer's power button to switch it off without shutting Windows down, because doing so can cause a whole host of problems to occur. However, in Windows XP, if your hardware supports it, it's possible to set Windows so that when you press the power button Windows shuts down and then switches off.
To do that, open the Control Panel and open Power Options. Click its Advanced tab. In the Power buttons section, click on the drop-down menu called When I press the power button on my computer. There are four options. Choose the Shutdown option and click Apply. Now, when you press the power button that switches the computer on and off, it will first shut Windows down and then switch the computer off. If this option is not available, then, either your computer hasn't got the hardware capacity, or the capability is disabled in the BIOS.
Shutdown and restart shortcuts for Windows XP (and Windows 2000)
Windows 2000, with its Resource Kit installed, and Windows XP have a shutdown command that can be executed from a Command Prompt or from a shortcut.
To find out what the options are with the shutdown command, go Start => Run and enter cmd. At the Command Prompt, enter shutdown /? for a list of the available switches.
The MS Knowledge Base article How to Use the Remote Shutdown Tool to Shut Down and Restart a Computer in Windows 2000, which also applies to Windows XP, is worth reading.
A powerdown problem differs from a shutdown problem
A shutdown problem is different to a powerdown problem. It a computer won't shut down properly it's a shutdown problem, but if a computer shuts down, but won't switch off, its a powerdown problem.
If Windows XP doesn't switch the computer off automatically, the APM/NT Legacy Power Node is probably not enabled. To enable it, use the right mouse button to click on the My Computer icon, then click Properties => Hardware => Device Manager => View. Check the box labelled Show Hidden Devices. If the settings is available, there will be a red X on the APM/NT Legacy Node. Try enabling the setting to find out if doing so solves the problem. If not, open the Power Options applet in Control Panel. If there is an APM tab, make sure the Enable Advanced Power Management Support box has a checkmark in it.
Other causes of a computer not powering down properly are:
1. - A faulty power supply unit (PSU) can be the cause of a computer not switching off automatically. If the computer has an elderly PSU, replacing it will probably fix the problem is none of the other possible causes are responsible. If the motherboard only has a 20-pin power connector, make sure that you don't buy a replacement that only provides the new 24-pin power connector.
2. - Changes made to the default power settings in the BIOS, it can lead to a powerdown problem. Restoring all BIOS power settings to their defaults will most probably fix the problem.
3. - I found several reports on the web in which the users of Windows XP systems discovered that their computers wouldn't powerdown properly unless Turn off monitor, Turn off hard disks, and System standby are all set to the Never option under Control Panel => Power Options.
Occasionally, not all of the Registry settings are created when all the of the appropriate power management settings are enabled in Windows XP. Fortunately, the ShutNTdown Registry patch (a .reg file that places the settings into the Registry) is available from:
http://aumha.org/downloads/
Note well: Make sue that you have a restorable backup of the system or the Registry, and that you have created a restore point in System Restore before you make changes to the Registry.
4. - Cftmon.exe is a 15K system file found in the Windows\system32 folder. It provides the Alternate Language Bar and provides text input service support for speech recognition, handwriting recognition, keyboard, translation, and other alternative user input technologies. ZoneAlarm Pro produces an alert which says that the file is monitoring the mouse and keyboard usage. It is used by MS Office XP and stays active when all of Office's programs are shut down. It can be the cause of a computer not switching off properly. This MS Knowledge Base article provides information on how it can be effectively disabled:
http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=282599
