JamiiTalks
JF Advocacy Team
- Aug 7, 2018
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Benki ya Dunia imejikita katika kuzisaidia nchi mbalimbali katika mapambano dhidi ya rushwa tangu mwaka 1996 baada ya aliyekuwa Rais wa taasisi hiyo, James Wolfensohn kutoa hotuba yake huku akiifananisha rushwa na ugonjwa wa saratani
Hotuba hiyo ilikuwa kichocheo cha kuifanya rushwa kuwa agenda rasmi ya Benki ya Dunia ambayo inaisimamia hadi leo. Tangu mwaka 1996 hadi leo mambo mengi yametokea ikiwemo ongezeko la Mataifa yenye sheria za taarifa
Mwaka 1996 ni mataifa 22 tu ndio yaliyokuwa na Sheria inayohusu masuala ya taarifa ilihali kwa sasa mataifa 123 yana sheria hiyo
Mtazamo na taratibu za ulimwengu kuhusu rushwa zina nafasi kubwa ya kubadili sera na kuziwezesha Serikali kuchukua hatua dhidi ya vitendo vya rushwa
Rushwa mara nyingi inahusisha miamala ya fedha lakini pia lazima watu wajue kuwa rushwa inaweza kufanyika kupitia mitandanao na mahusiano mbalimbali kati ya Wanasiasa na Makampuni.
Uwazi na Haki ya Kupata Taarifa: Hii ni silaha kubwa za kupambana na rushwa na ufisadi, uwazi unanafasi kubwa ya kusaidia katika vita vya kukomesha rushwa. Aidha, jamii lazima iangalie namna ya kutumia Teknolojia katika kukabiliana na changamoto hii
Rushwa hutokea au kufanyika katika mitindo na aina mbalimbali wakati mwingine ni ngumu kukabiliana na vitendo vya rushwa. Hivyo ni lazima kuwe na kakati wa kisekta wa kukabiliana na rushwa
Tafsiri ya Matumizi Mabaya ya Ofisi kwa Maslahi binafsi hii inampa mtu mmoja tuhuma za moja kwa moja lakini ielewekw kuwa wakati mwingine mhusika anakuwa amesaidia na taasisi nyingine za nje na sisi yeye binafsi
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The World Bank’s commitment to helping countries control corruption dates to 1996 when then-President James Wolfensohn made his “cancer of corruption” speech. It was the first time the issue was given such prominence by a World Bank President and put squarely on the agenda of the institution.
A lot has happened since then. In 1996 only 22 countries had the right to information laws, compared to 123 today. The Open Data revolution had not yet begun; neither technology nor attitude supported such openness in most countries. Global standard-setting instruments such as the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention Against Corruption were envisioned at that time but not enacted.
Others, such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) got launched and matured since. Behavioral economics had not yet been recognized by the Nobel Prize committee. No one had heard of GovTech, and the Open Government Partnership had not yet been established. Terms like illicit financial flows and e-procurement were not common, and the Panama Papers and Luanda Leaks were well in the future. And no one had heard of COVID-19.
Addressing corruption not only saves money and stops bad behavior, but it also helps achieve a wide range of development goals. Think, for a moment, about the many ways corruption can undermine human capital development. Ghost workers in the education system, kickbacks for school meals contracts, and false degrees weaken the efficacy of learning-related spending. Bribery and fraud in procuring pharmaceuticals or medical equipment can weaken survival rates and constrain the ability of children to thrive. Corruption in infrastructure and among traffic police can lead to unsafe roads, weakening human capital, and undermining access to opportunities.
Hotuba hiyo ilikuwa kichocheo cha kuifanya rushwa kuwa agenda rasmi ya Benki ya Dunia ambayo inaisimamia hadi leo. Tangu mwaka 1996 hadi leo mambo mengi yametokea ikiwemo ongezeko la Mataifa yenye sheria za taarifa
Mwaka 1996 ni mataifa 22 tu ndio yaliyokuwa na Sheria inayohusu masuala ya taarifa ilihali kwa sasa mataifa 123 yana sheria hiyo
RUSHWA IMEBADILIKA NDANI YA MIONGO MIWILI, MBINU ZA KUKABILIANA NAYO NAZO NI LAZIMA ZIBADILIKE
Mtazamo na taratibu za ulimwengu kuhusu rushwa zina nafasi kubwa ya kubadili sera na kuziwezesha Serikali kuchukua hatua dhidi ya vitendo vya rushwa
Rushwa mara nyingi inahusisha miamala ya fedha lakini pia lazima watu wajue kuwa rushwa inaweza kufanyika kupitia mitandanao na mahusiano mbalimbali kati ya Wanasiasa na Makampuni.
Uwazi na Haki ya Kupata Taarifa: Hii ni silaha kubwa za kupambana na rushwa na ufisadi, uwazi unanafasi kubwa ya kusaidia katika vita vya kukomesha rushwa. Aidha, jamii lazima iangalie namna ya kutumia Teknolojia katika kukabiliana na changamoto hii
Rushwa hutokea au kufanyika katika mitindo na aina mbalimbali wakati mwingine ni ngumu kukabiliana na vitendo vya rushwa. Hivyo ni lazima kuwe na kakati wa kisekta wa kukabiliana na rushwa
Tafsiri ya Matumizi Mabaya ya Ofisi kwa Maslahi binafsi hii inampa mtu mmoja tuhuma za moja kwa moja lakini ielewekw kuwa wakati mwingine mhusika anakuwa amesaidia na taasisi nyingine za nje na sisi yeye binafsi
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The World Bank’s commitment to helping countries control corruption dates to 1996 when then-President James Wolfensohn made his “cancer of corruption” speech. It was the first time the issue was given such prominence by a World Bank President and put squarely on the agenda of the institution.
A lot has happened since then. In 1996 only 22 countries had the right to information laws, compared to 123 today. The Open Data revolution had not yet begun; neither technology nor attitude supported such openness in most countries. Global standard-setting instruments such as the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention Against Corruption were envisioned at that time but not enacted.
Others, such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) got launched and matured since. Behavioral economics had not yet been recognized by the Nobel Prize committee. No one had heard of GovTech, and the Open Government Partnership had not yet been established. Terms like illicit financial flows and e-procurement were not common, and the Panama Papers and Luanda Leaks were well in the future. And no one had heard of COVID-19.
Addressing corruption not only saves money and stops bad behavior, but it also helps achieve a wide range of development goals. Think, for a moment, about the many ways corruption can undermine human capital development. Ghost workers in the education system, kickbacks for school meals contracts, and false degrees weaken the efficacy of learning-related spending. Bribery and fraud in procuring pharmaceuticals or medical equipment can weaken survival rates and constrain the ability of children to thrive. Corruption in infrastructure and among traffic police can lead to unsafe roads, weakening human capital, and undermining access to opportunities.
The World Bank’s approach to controlling corruption needs to keep up with the times. What should we be doing differently? Anticorruption Initiatives—Reaffirming Commitment to a Development Priority outlines an approach, organized around five initiatives.
- Global norms and standards are essential in shaping policy and ensuring governments take action. The World Bank’s global perspective can help. Progress in the criminalization of corrupt acts and in strengthening transparency have shown the value of standards. Can greater consistency in approaches to beneficial ownership transparency, management of conflicts of interest, and other areas do the same? How can we better track progress? The initiative on Global Standards and Monitoring proposes some areas of focus
- Corruption is often transactional but it can also be embedded in networks, tilting the playing field to the advantage of political elites and connected firms. Given what we’ve learned about power, politics, business, and corruption, can we do more to address state capture? The initiative on Power and Money takes on this challenge.
- Transparency has value in its own right. Access to information is a basic human right. How can we take advantage of new technologies to analyze the torrents of data for patterns we wouldn’t otherwise notice, and better engage stakeholders for oversight, and accountability, and make services more responsive and equitable? The High Definition Transparency initiative supports efforts to respond to this challenge
- Corruption comes in all forms, and these can vary systematically. Controlling patronage networks in customs, for example, calls for approaches different from those needed for embezzlement in state-owned enterprises or bribery in the courts. It’s been 13 years since The Many Faces of Corruption outlined sector-specific approaches. A Sector-Based Approach will update our work to reflect the changes in technology and thinking.
- The common definition “abuse of public office for private gain”, projects an image of a lone person doing wrong. In many cases, though, they get help from bankers and lawyers and accountants, sometimes in off-shore jurisdictions and financial centers in advanced economies. And what about the behavior of the firms and individuals? Addressing the Facilitators initiative highlights what can be done in the professions and locations that facilitate corruption and take on the stubborn social norms that surround both bribe payers and bribe-takers.
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