Who and Whom

C

CHIPANJE

JF-Expert Member
Joined
May 1, 2011
Posts
321
Reaction score
53
Hey members!Naomba nitoe msaada wa matumizi ya neno WHO & WHOM maaba watu wengi huchanganya sana.

Kwa kifupi WHO hutaka kujua mtenda tendo(subject) wakati WHOM hutaka kujua mtendewa(accusative case)

Examples🙁1)Hamisi has gone to see DC.
Who has gone to see DC?The answer must be Hamisi-subject.

(2)Hamisi has sent John to see DC.Whom has been sent to see DC?The answer must be John.

Naomba ushiriki wenu kwa nyongeza au maswali.Ahsanteni.
 


Nitachangia baadaye ila penye bold naomba ufanyie kazi zaidi....
 
Ndiyo, kwa ujumla ‘who' ni ‘subject case' na ‘whom' ni ‘object case.
"1)Hamisi has gone to see DC.
Who has gone to see DC? The answer must be Hamisi-subject." Hapo uliandika sawa.

Lakini ulikosa kwa mfano 2) - "Hamisi has sent John to see DC. Whom has been sent to see DC? The answer must be John."

'Whom' is wrong here! Hapo ulijichanganika mwenyewew kwa kutumia ‘Passive' construction. Katika passive sentence, ‘John', yaani ‘who', ndiye ‘subject'! Basi – ‘Who has been sent to see DC?' ni sawa, kwa sababu hapo ‘has been sent' ni passive verb na lazima inajiunga na subject case (who) na siyo na object case (whom).

Basi, na tuepushe kutumia passive sentence na tuanzishe tena kwa ajili ya urahisi.

Hamisi has sent John to see DC. Whom did Hamisi send to see DC.' Sasa ni correct kwa sababu ‘whom' ni object of the active verb ‘send'. Hamisi sent John.

Simple examples ili tuelewe vizuri:

David saw John.
Who saw John? (Question about subject, basi, ‘who'). Answer: David saw John
Whom did David see? (Question about object, basi, ‘whom'). Answer: David saw John.

LAKINI: Mfano huu wa mwisho (Whom did David see?) ni ‘traditional' grammar.
Siku hizi siyo lazima tutumie ‘whom' – grammar ya Kiingereza inapokea kabisa matumizi ya ‘who' badala ya ‘whom' for object case. Yaani,
'Who did David see?' pia ni sawa kabisa siku hizi na kwa ujumla watu hapa Uingereza wanatumia ‘who'
badala ya ‘whom'. Lakini kwa ‘formal contexts' afadhali ni ‘whom' kwa object case.

There is one exception – after a preposition the object relative pronoun must be ‘whom' not ‘who'.
To whom did Tom give the money? CORRECT!
To who did Tom give the money? This is WRONG! Baada ya preposition lazima tutumie ‘whom' siyo 'who'.

Mifano michache zaidi:
I spoke to the man who stole the money. Correct. ‘who' kwa sababu ni subject of the verb ‘stole'. The man stole the money.
I spoke to the man whom everyone admires. Correct. ‘whom' kwa sababu ni object of ‘admires'. Everyone admires him.
LAKINI sawasawa na modern grammar, ‘I spoke to the man who everyone admires.' hii ni sawa pia - lugha ya kila siku!

Haya kwa ufupi tu! Relative clauses ni big subject lakini natumaini maelezo haya yatakusaidia kwa kiasi! Mimi ni mwalimu wa lugha ya Kiingereza hapa Uingereza katika shule ya kimataifa.
 
Nieleze kidogo zaidi juu ya passive construction kwa sababu labda shida yako ilihusu passive na siyo relative pronouns!

THE PASSIVE

The man was hit by Samuel.
He was hit by Samuel. Siyo ‘him' . 'He' ni sawa kwa sababu the object (man/he) becomes the subject in a passive sentence!!! Kwa hiyo….
Who (siyo ‘Whom) was hit by Samuel? Answer: He (siyo ‘Him') was hit by Samuel.

THE ACTIVE

Samuel hit the man.
Samuel hit him. ‘him' (siyo ‘he) kwa sababu sasa ni object of active verb!

Whom did Samuel hit? Correct. Sasa ‘whom' ni object of active verb ‘hit'.
Who did Samuel hit? Also Correct! ‘Who' is acceptable in modern English grammar for the object case! This is used in everyday spoken English by most people.

But in formal writing you should choose ‘whom'

Nakutakia mafanikio katika ya masomo yako!
 
Sijui kama unapenda kutumia internet kujifunza Kingereza, lakini kama ni hivyo, websites ifuatayo ni bora:
---------------------
Kwa English grammar hii inafaa kuliko nyingine kadiri nilivyoona:
ENGLISH PAGE - Online English Grammar Book (Bonyeza) Hapa ni index.
Hii ni Homepage: Advanced English lessons (Bonyeza)
---------------------
Kusoma na kusikiliza Kingereza (at the same time) BBC Worldservice Learning English ni bora.
Learning English - General & Business English (Bonyeza)
Chini ya General & Business English menu, "6 Minute English" na "English at Work" hasa inafaa.

Learning English - Grammar, Vocabulary & Pronunciation (Bonyeza)
Chini ya "Grammar, Vocabulary & Pronunciation" menu, "The English we speak" hasa inafaa.

Website ya BBC infaa sana kwa sababu yapo mazungumzo (conversations) mengi ya Kiingereza ya kila siku na zaidi ya hayo unaweza kusoma na kusikiliza at the same time. Pia, kulia na juu ya webpage nyingi unaweza kufungua audio file na text file, au ‘kudownload' yote kwenye computer yako (ukiwa na computer!)! Lakini kama ukitaka kusoma na kusikiliza at the same time kwenye internet, lazima to right-click on the audio au text file and then to choose the option "open link in new window". Ndipo utafungua files mbili separately ili kusoma na sikiliza pamoja.
Sijui kama itakusaidia.
Labda unaweza kunisaidia kutafsiri maneno haya kama ukiwa na nafasi:
‘to download' na ‘to access' na ‘access'. Kwa mfano…
I want to download this file.
I can't access the internet.
Do you have access to a computer.
Asante!
 

maelekezo mazuri sana.
 

Asante sana !!
 
Who = nani, yupi
whom = nani ambaye, yupi ambaye

Ni mawazo yangu tu. Chingereza sichijui.
 
You must log in or register to reply here.
Menu
Log in
Register
Cookies are required to use this site. You must accept them to continue using the site. Learn more…