Afrika na utajiri wa Lugha

Mphamvu · 2014-08-30T07:36:24+00:00

Ramani ya Lugha za Afrika, picha kwa hisani ya Nations Online Afrika kuna utajiri mkubwa wa Lugha za kusemwa na binadamu, kati ya hizo kubwa kabisa ni Kiswahili, Lingala, Amharic, Yoruba, Zulu na Kiarabu (kama utakihesabu kuwa lugha ya Kiafrika). Lugha kama Kiswahili tayari ina wasemaji zaidi ya milioni mia moja na imesambaa katika nchi zote za maziwa makuu. Nchini Tanzania tayari kuna mjadala mkubwa juu ya lugha ipi iwe ya kufundishia mashuleni na vyuoni na makundi fulani ya wanazuoni wanaonekana kupigia chapuo Kiswahili. Lugha za Yoruba, Hausa na Igbo husemwa katika nchi moja lakini kigezo cha kuwa na wasemaji wengi tayari kinazibeba. Lingala inasemwa katika nchi mbili za Zaire na Angola ingawa lahaja au lugha zinazofanana nayo zipo pia katika nchi za Gabon na Kongo Brazaville. Kwanini tumeendelea kutumia lugha za wazungu wakoloni wakati zipo lugha zetu, kubwa na ambazo zina msingi mzuri wa usanifishaji (kigezo cha urasmi). Lugha kama Kireno inazungumzwa na idadi ndogo tu ya watu huko Ulaya, katika nchi ilimozaliwa lakini hapa Afrika imepata wateja katika nchi tatu, Angola, Msumbiji na Cape Verde huku ikifurahia hadhi ya Lugha rasmi. Lugha kama Kijerumani, inazungumzwa katika nchi chache tu Ulaya, lakini ni Lugha rasmi na inayotambulika, hali kadhalika mataifa mengi ya Ulaya wamekuwa wakitumia lugha zao hata kama hazina wazungumzaji wengi nje ya mipaka. Kwanini Afrika tufundishwe na tulazimishwe kuwasiliana kwa lugha ngeni hata kama zina ukakasi kwa wasemaji? Tujadili kama kuna namna yoyote ya kuondokana na utumwa huu usio na sababu. Hapa chini ni orodha ya nchi za Kiafrika na lugha zinazozungumzwa humo. Country Official and national Languages Algeria Arabic, Berber languages, four dialects (by constitutional amendment) French Angola Portuguese Narrow Bantu like Umbundu and other African languages. Benin French Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north). Botswana Setswana (national language with minor differences in dialects), English is the official business language and it is widely spoken in urban areas. Burkina Faso French Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population. Burundi Kirundi, French Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area). Cameroon English, French 24 major African language groups. Cape Verde Portuguese Kabuverdianu (Crioulo) (a blend of Portuguese and West African words). Central African Republic French, Sangho (lingua franca and national language) Banda, Gbaya and other tribal languages. Chad French, Arabic Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects. Comoros Arabic, French Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic). Democratic Republic of the Congo French Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba. Congo, Republic of the French Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread). Côte d'Ivoire French 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken. Djibouti French, Arabic Somali, Afar Egypt Arabic English and French widely understood by educated classes. Equatorial Guinea Spanish, French pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo. Eritrea Tigrinya (Tigrigna), Arabic, English Tigré (second major language), Afar, Bedawi, Kunama, other Cushitic languages. Ethiopia Amharic Tigrinya, Oromo, Gurage, Somali, Arabic, 80 other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Gabon French Bantu languages like Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi. Gambia, The English Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars. Ghana English African languages (including Akan, Adangme, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Guinea French (spoken by 15-20%) Eight national languages, Soussou (Susu, in coastal Guinea), Peulh (Fulani, in Northrn Guinea), Maninka (Upper Guinea), Kissi (Kissidougou Region), Toma and Guerze (Kpelle) in rain forest Guinea; plus various ethnic groups with their own language. Guinea-Bissau Portuguese Crioulo (a mixture of Portuguese and African), other African languages. Kenya English, Kiswahili numerous indigenous languages. Lesotho Sesotho (southern Sotho), English Zulu, Xhosa. Liberia English 20% some 20 ethnic group languages, of which a few can be written and are used in correspondence. Libya Arabic Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities. Madagascar French, Malagasy Malawi English, Nyanja (Chichewa, Chewa) Lomwe, Tumbuka, Yao, other languages important regionally. Mali French Bambara (Bamanakan), Arabic and numerous dialects of Dogoso, Fulfulde, Koyracini, Senoufou, and Mandinka/Malinké (Maninkakan), Tamasheq are also widely spoken. Mauritania Arabic Hassaniya Arabic, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof, French Mauritius English, French Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri Morocco Arabic Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy. Mozambique Portuguese (spoken by 27% of population as a second language) Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, numerous other indigenous languages. Namibia English 7% Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama. Niger French Hausa, Djerma Nigeria English Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, Ijaw, Ibibio and about 250 other indigenous languages spoken by the different ethnic groups. Réunion French Creole widely used Rwanda Rwanda (Kinyarwanda, Bantu vernacular) French, English Kiswahili (Swahili) used in commercial centers. Saint Helena English São Tomé and Príncipe Portuguese Senegal French Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka Seychelles English, French Creole Sierra Leone English (regular use limited to literate minority) Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%) Somalia Somali Arabic, Italian, English South Africa 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, Pedi, Sesotho (Sotho), siSwati (Swazi), Xitsonga (Tsonga), Tswana, Tshivenda (Venda), isiXhosa, isiZulu Sudan/South Sudan Arabic Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English. note: program of "Arabization" in process Swaziland English (government business conducted in English), siSwati Tanzania, United Republic of Kiswahili (Swahili), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education) Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), Gogo, Haya, Makonde, Nyakyusa, Nyamwezi, Sukuma, Tumbuka, many other local languages. Togo French (the language of commerce) Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north) Tunisia Arabic (and the languages of commerce) French (commerce) Uganda English (used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts) Ganda (Luganda; most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Acoli, Swahili, Arabic Western Sahara Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic Zambia English major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages. Zimbabwe English Chishona (Shona), Sindebele (Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects like: Sotho and Nambya, Shangani, Venda, Chewa, Nyanja, and Tonga.

Thread starter Mphamvu
Start date Aug 30, 2014

Mphamvu

JF-Expert Member

Aug 30, 2014

ADK

JF-Expert Member

Aug 31, 2014

Last edited by a moderator: Jan 4, 2016

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