PPL soma post hii fupi, hii kitu ni common sana kwa wadada:
Risk Factors for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Young Women
Delia Scholes1,2, Thomas M. Hooton3, Pacita L. Roberts3, Ann E. Stapleton3, Kalpana Gupta3 and Walter E. Stamm3
+ Author Affiliations
1Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound
2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine
3Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Delia Scholes, Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, 1730 Minor Ave., Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 (scholes.d@ghc.org).
Presented in part: 35th annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Francisco, September 1997 (abstract 459).
Abstract
To define host factors associated with an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI), a case-control study was conducted in 2 populations: university women and health maintenance organization enrollees. Case patients were 229 women 18–30 years old with RUTIs; control subjects were 253 randomly selected women with no RUTI history. In a multivariate model, independent risk factors for RUTI included recent 1-month intercourse frequency (odds ratio [OR], 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1–10.6 for 4–8 episodes), 12-month spermicide use (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9), and new sex partner during the past year (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.2). Two newly identified risk factors were age at first urinary tract infection (UTI) ⩽15 years (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9–8.0) and UTI history in the mother (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.7). Blood group and secretor phenotype were not associated with RUTI. In young women, risk factors for sporadic UTI are also risk factors for recurrence. Two predictors suggest that genetic/long-term environmental exposures also predispose to RUTI.
Hapana King'asti naona hatujaelewana vizuri,huyo Dr.kasema ikitokea mtu anaumwa uti mara kwa mara mwanamke nazungumzia,kuna muda mwingine inakua ana fungus,nazungumzia uti isiyopona yana inajirudia mara kwa mara....na akasema wanaume hawaumwagi mara kwa mara uti na akiumwa ujue kaitoa kwa mwanamke..SIJASEMA MIM NI MANENO YA DR...MIM SIJUI MAMBO YA UDAKTAR nachojua ni kua napaswa kujisafisha kwa bibi vizuri na kutumia choo kisafi