Cure for HIV/AIDS
Cure for HIV/AIDS
- Thread starter Mshiiri
- Start date
Ab-Titchaz
JF-Expert Member
- Jan 30, 2008
- 14,630
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Mshiiri,
here is something I just came across and it is a very interesting reading.Hebu peruse mwenyewe uone...
A Doctor, a Mutation and a Potential Cure for AIDS
A Bone Marrow Transplant to Treat a Leukemia Patient Also Gives Him Virus-Resistant Cells;
Dr. Gero Hütter isn't an AIDS specialist, but he 'functionally cured' a patient, who shows no sign of the disease
The startling case of an AIDS patient who underwent a bone marrow transplant to treat leukemia is stirring new hope that gene-therapy strategies on the far edges of AIDS research might someday cure the disease.
The patient, a 42-year-old American living in Berlin, is still recovering from his leukemia therapy, but he appears to have won his battle with AIDS. Doctors have not been able to detect the virus in his blood for more than 600 days, despite his having ceased all conventional AIDS medication. Normally when a patient stops taking AIDS drugs, the virus stampedes through the body within weeks, or days."I was very surprised," said the doctor, Gero Hütter.
The breakthrough appears to be that Dr. Hütter, a soft-spoken hematologist who isn't an AIDS specialist, deliberately replaced the patient's bone marrow cells with those from a donor who has a naturally occurring genetic mutation that renders his cells immune to almost all strains of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
The development suggests a potential new therapeutic avenue and comes as the search for a cure has adopted new urgency. Many fear that current AIDS drugs aren't sustainable. Known as antiretrovirals, the medications prevent the virus from replicating but must be taken every day for life and are expensive for poor countries where the disease runs rampant. Last year, AIDS killed two million people; 2.7 million more contracted the virus, so treatment costs will keep ballooning...
MAELEZO ZAIDI
Bowbow
JF-Expert Member
- Oct 20, 2007
- 541
- 32
BERLIN An American man who suffered from AIDS appears to have been cured of the disease 20 months after receiving a targeted bone marrow transplant normally used to fight leukemia, his doctors said Wednesday.
While researchers and the doctors themselves caution that the case might be no more than a fluke, others say it may inspire a greater interest in gene therapy to fight the disease that claims 2 million lives each year. The virus has infected 33 million people worldwide.
Dr. Gero Huetter said his 42-year-old patient, an American living in Berlin who was not identified, had been infected with the AIDS virus for more than a decade. But 20 months after undergoing a transplant of genetically selected bone marrow, he no longer shows signs of carrying the virus.
"We waited every day for a bad reading," Huetter said.
It has not come. Researchers at Berlin's Charite hospital and medical school say tests on his bone marrow, blood and other organ tissues have all been clean.
However, Dr. Andrew Badley, director of the HIV and immunology research lab at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said those tests have probably not been extensive enough.
"A lot more scrutiny from a lot of different biological samples would be required to say it's not present," Badley said.
This isn't the first time marrow transplants have been attempted for treating AIDS or HIV infection. In 1999, an article in the journal Medical Hypotheses reviewed the results of 32 attempts reported between 1982 and 1996. In two cases, HIV was apparently eradicated, the review reported.
Huetter's patient was under treatment at Charite for both AIDS and leukemia, which developed unrelated to HIV.
As Huetter who is a hematologist, not an HIV specialist prepared to treat the patient's leukemia with a bone marrow transplant, he recalled that some people carry a genetic mutation that seems to make them resistant to HIV infection. If the mutation, called Delta 32, is inherited from both parents, it prevents HIV from attaching itself to cells by blocking CCR5, a receptor that acts as a kind of gateway.
"I read it in 1996, coincidentally," Huetter told reporters at the medical school. "I remembered it and thought it might work."
Roughly one in 1,000 Europeans and Americans have inherited the mutation from both parents, and Huetter set out to find one such person among donors that matched the patient's marrow type. Out of a pool of 80 suitable donors, the 61st person tested carried the proper mutation.
Before the transplant, the patient endured powerful drugs and radiation to kill off his own infected bone marrow cells and disable his immune system a treatment fatal to between 20 and 30 percent of recipients.
He was also taken off the potent drugs used to treat his AIDS. Huetter's team feared that the drugs might interfere with the new marrow cells' survival. They risked lowering his defenses in the hopes that the new, mutated cells would reject the virus on their own.
Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases in the U.S., said the procedure was too costly and too dangerous to employ as a firstline cure. But he said it could inspire researchers to pursue gene therapy as a means to block or suppress HIV.
"It helps prove the concept that if somehow you can block the expression of CCR5, maybe by gene therapy, you might be able to inhibit the ability of the virus to replicate," Fauci said.
David Roth, a professor of epidemiology and international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said gene therapy as cheap and effective as current drug treatments is in very early stages of development.
"That's a long way down the line because there may be other negative things that go with that mutation that we don't know about."
Even for the patient in Berlin, the lack of a clear understanding of exactly why his AIDS has disappeared means his future is far from certain.
"The virus is wily," Huetter said. "There could always be a resurgence."
(This version CORRECTS spelling of doctor's name to Huetter throughout
While researchers and the doctors themselves caution that the case might be no more than a fluke, others say it may inspire a greater interest in gene therapy to fight the disease that claims 2 million lives each year. The virus has infected 33 million people worldwide.
Dr. Gero Huetter said his 42-year-old patient, an American living in Berlin who was not identified, had been infected with the AIDS virus for more than a decade. But 20 months after undergoing a transplant of genetically selected bone marrow, he no longer shows signs of carrying the virus.
"We waited every day for a bad reading," Huetter said.
It has not come. Researchers at Berlin's Charite hospital and medical school say tests on his bone marrow, blood and other organ tissues have all been clean.
However, Dr. Andrew Badley, director of the HIV and immunology research lab at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., said those tests have probably not been extensive enough.
"A lot more scrutiny from a lot of different biological samples would be required to say it's not present," Badley said.
This isn't the first time marrow transplants have been attempted for treating AIDS or HIV infection. In 1999, an article in the journal Medical Hypotheses reviewed the results of 32 attempts reported between 1982 and 1996. In two cases, HIV was apparently eradicated, the review reported.
Huetter's patient was under treatment at Charite for both AIDS and leukemia, which developed unrelated to HIV.
As Huetter who is a hematologist, not an HIV specialist prepared to treat the patient's leukemia with a bone marrow transplant, he recalled that some people carry a genetic mutation that seems to make them resistant to HIV infection. If the mutation, called Delta 32, is inherited from both parents, it prevents HIV from attaching itself to cells by blocking CCR5, a receptor that acts as a kind of gateway.
"I read it in 1996, coincidentally," Huetter told reporters at the medical school. "I remembered it and thought it might work."
Roughly one in 1,000 Europeans and Americans have inherited the mutation from both parents, and Huetter set out to find one such person among donors that matched the patient's marrow type. Out of a pool of 80 suitable donors, the 61st person tested carried the proper mutation.
Before the transplant, the patient endured powerful drugs and radiation to kill off his own infected bone marrow cells and disable his immune system a treatment fatal to between 20 and 30 percent of recipients.
He was also taken off the potent drugs used to treat his AIDS. Huetter's team feared that the drugs might interfere with the new marrow cells' survival. They risked lowering his defenses in the hopes that the new, mutated cells would reject the virus on their own.
Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases in the U.S., said the procedure was too costly and too dangerous to employ as a firstline cure. But he said it could inspire researchers to pursue gene therapy as a means to block or suppress HIV.
"It helps prove the concept that if somehow you can block the expression of CCR5, maybe by gene therapy, you might be able to inhibit the ability of the virus to replicate," Fauci said.
David Roth, a professor of epidemiology and international public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said gene therapy as cheap and effective as current drug treatments is in very early stages of development.
"That's a long way down the line because there may be other negative things that go with that mutation that we don't know about."
Even for the patient in Berlin, the lack of a clear understanding of exactly why his AIDS has disappeared means his future is far from certain.
"The virus is wily," Huetter said. "There could always be a resurgence."
(This version CORRECTS spelling of doctor's name to Huetter throughout
Mshiiri
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 16, 2008
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- Thread starter
- #24
I know most of the guys who their dairly bread is from HIV/AIDS propaganda will hate such information and it always discourages them and leaves them no hope. Actually its a truth that the diseases which were eliminated completely caused a lot of guys to have no jobs. Actually if all diseases (communicable of course) are eliminated in any means then we have a profession that will be nearly eliminated too. This is to say if all diseases are eliminated in any means then a professional such medicine will be eliminated? Joking anyway.
SERIOUSLY We should join hands to prove it wrong or right instead of just neglecting it first hand. It is unprofessional. No data, no research on the subject, and therefore no right to speak. I think this is fair enough professionally. Lets research and not just base on what we have been fed by those people who really do not wanna solve the problem from the grassroot.
I WILL CITE SOME EXAMPLE
DDT: These very guys you trust the most are the ones that told you to BAN DDT for agriculture but it has a major potential impact on malaria prevalence and incidence and without analysing and thinking outside the box you ratified. Non sense as their claim was to stop or halt environmental degradation while in contrary they refused to ratify the KYOTO protocal which is potentially of greater concern that the DDT itself. After all DDT is among the very ingredients emmited from their big industries. This is one example among many! Think of Global Warming and its effects
So when doing something as elites of this country we must think outside the box and not just after salary/compensation. Its high time to wake up and pool our socks!!! We have to be able to say NO sometimes when it deem necessary and not just be dragged. Cheers Nkamangi
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
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That's not how it works! If someone claims they have a cure for AIDS it is up to them to provide us with proof of this claim, we cant start researching every AIDS cure claim!
The DDT issue is complicated, DDT used correctly is very effective against mosquitoes but the problem is it is also a very effective insecticide so people start spraying it on their crops to kill insects, which leads to the buildup of DDT in the environment. Controlling the use of DDT is especially difficult in a poor country with rampant corruption.
Also if we refuse to ban DDT many countries will probably refuse to buy our cash crops for fear of DDT, which hurts us even more.
YES, there is evidence of "whites" intentionally and systematically CLEANSING BLACKS. In the US, President Clinton publicly apologised in 1995 to the Syphillis victims in particular, and to Americans in general, in the "notorious" Tuskegee Syphillis Experiment:
"For forty years between 1932 and 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) conducted an experiment on 399 black men in the late stages of syphilis. These men, for the most part illiterate sharecroppers from one of the poorest counties in Alabama, were never told what disease they were suffering from or of its seriousness. Informed that they were being treated for "bad blood," their doctors had no intention of curing them of syphilis at all.
The data for the experiment was to be collected from autopsies of the men, and they were thus deliberately left to degenerate under the ravages of tertiary syphilis-which can include tumors, heart disease, paralysis, blindness, insanity, and death. "As I see it," one of the doctors involved explained, "we have no further interest in these patients until they die."
The study was meant to discover how syphilis affected blacks as opposed to whites -the theory being that whites experienced more neurological complications from syphilis, whereas blacks were more susceptible to cardiovascular damage. How this knowledge would have changed clinical treatment of syphilis is uncertain.
The story finally broke in the Washington Star on July 25, 1972, in an article by Jean Heller of the Associated Press …….. Under the glare of publicity, the government ended their experiment, and for the first time provided the men with effective medical treatment for syphilis. Fred Gray, a lawyer who had previously defended Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, filed a class action suit that provided a $10 million out-of-court settlement for the men and their families.
HIV/AIDS and the Legacy of Tuskegee
In 1990, a survey found that 10 percent of African Americans believed that the U.S. government created AIDS as a plot to exterminate blacks, and another 20 percent could not rule out the possibility that this might be true. As preposterous and paranoid as this may sound, at one time the Tuskegee Syphillis Experiment must have seemed equally farfetched.
Who could imagine the government, all the way up to the Surgeon General of the United States, deliberately allowing a group of its citizens to die from a terrible disease for the sake of an ill-conceived experiment? In light of this and many other shameful episodes in our history, African Americans' widespread mistrust of the government and white society in general should not be a surprise to anyone.
KAMA MREMBO BADO UNATAKA USHAHIDI WA JINSI HIV/AIDS ILIVYOBUNIWA MINAJILI YA KUWAANGAMIZA WATU WEUSI DUNIANI, BASI ELEZA TUTAKUPA TOVUTI (WEBSITES) ZA WAMERIKANI WENYEWE ZINAZOTHIBISHA MKAKATI HUO. USIDANGANYIKE! "AIDS" SIO UGONJWA, NI "SYNDROME" YAANI VIRUSI VILIVYOPANDIKIZWA KWA WAMERIKANI WEUSI ILI KUONA BINADAMU ANAVYOATHIRIKA NA "UPUNGUFU WA KINGA MWILINI" (UKIMWI)!! PIA ACHANA NA DHANA KWAMBA ETI KONDOMU ZINASAIDIA KUKINGA MAAMBUKIZI YA UKIMWI ….. ON THE CONTRARY, CONDOMS ARE SPREADING HIV/AIDS BECAUSE PEOPLE'S PSYCHOLOGY DECIEVES THEM TO REGARD CONDOMS AS "SAFE" ALTHOUGH IT IS OPEN SECRET THAT:
1. THE MORE CONDOMS ARE DISTRIBUTED THE GREATER NUMBER OF HIV/AIDS VICTIMS
2. OVER 90% OF CONDOMS AVAILABLE IN 3RD WORLD COUNTRIES ARE EITHER DEFECTIVE, VERY WEAK (POROUS) OR EXPIRED
3. I CHALLENGE ANY JF MEMBER, AIDS AGENCY OR BONGO GOVT DOCTOR TO MENTION ONLY ONE COUNTRY WHERE HIV/AIDS "HAS BEEN WIPED OUT AS A RESULT OF PEOPLE USING CONDOMS DURING ILLICIT SEX".
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KIATU CHANGU KIPANA LAKINI CHANIBANA
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
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Lol! You cant be serious?
Where is this so called evidence that AIDS is man made? Anybody can put anything on the Internet that doesn't make it true. What exactly is this illicit sex you speak of? Condoms have been shown to reduce the rate of HIV, take Uganda as an example.
People are going to have sex whether you like it or not ,you are just living in denial if you think anything else, so its better that they protect themselves and no one ever said that Condoms are 100% effective.
The more condoms are distributed the greater the number of AIDS victims? Really? Where did you get this wonderful statistic?
AIDS can never be wiped out as long as there are people like you spreading ignorance!
Saikosisi
JF-Expert Member
- May 4, 2007
- 528
- 34
You are right Kang; we should not swallow everything over the net!
With regards to condom use and HIV- a lot of studies have shown that condom use is associated with reduced risk of transmission or acquisition of HIV. Even in Tanzania, the prevalence as of 2008 is 6%, down from 7%, of course it is difficult to pinpoint the factors responsible for the decrease but many people will agree that among them condom use is top on the list.
Best,
With regards to condom use and HIV- a lot of studies have shown that condom use is associated with reduced risk of transmission or acquisition of HIV. Even in Tanzania, the prevalence as of 2008 is 6%, down from 7%, of course it is difficult to pinpoint the factors responsible for the decrease but many people will agree that among them condom use is top on the list.
Best,
Mshiiri
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 16, 2008
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- Thread starter
- #29
Anyway your signature suggest it all that the reason is not automatic. Just because you do not know is not the general idea that it is the way it is. Get informed first and accept being updated with accurate information. If you have a good reasoning mind then you have to think outside the box. HIV/AIDS spreading is behaviour dependent so if you manipulate anything to do with behaviour i.e. distribute more condoms will affect the parameters. People know that HIV/AIDS can be contracted through unsafe sex BUT condomising will make it safe hence we have marginalised their behaviours and manipulated their decision and practice. By so doing will subject more people into decsion to make sex despite their natural held decision about the act. Knowing of course there are many waye and reasons people are compeled to make sex. Think outside the box a little and you will realise. Be inquisitive. That need not see a teacher and a piece of chalk to comprehend.
I will cite an example
When someone tells you that TV causes HYPERTENSION (High Blood Pressure) for you it will seem very hard to understand. BUT it is a streight and conclusive thing for a researching mind.
How?
To own a TV will need you to have a disposable income so to buy it and mostly all the primary and basic things are not problem to this person such as food, shelter and clothing and money of course. And implication one here is that he has a luxury life. He eats well and high calorie foodstuff such as french fries, animal fat etc. Because this man is not compelled to work hard for a daily bread like most of us, he/she has much time free while income is generated automatically or has a big savings or shares from very big cashcow stock etc. Eating very well and frequently, very LOW activity level such as watching TV for long time, causes cholesterol to be retained and thereafter a HYPERTENSION ensues. This is how to analytically research on some hypothesis and conclude and also get informed to update the public. No research, no data and therefore no right to speak.
Lets join hands thinking outside the box and research deeply on situations. Assumption is the mother of all f*ckups.
Mshiiri
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 16, 2008
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- Thread starter
- #30
You need to go further and put your observation. We need not relly on what other people say. What do you say is what matters! You are learned person and not a story teller. You have all it includes to become a researcher. Give out your observation. You will be not giving scientist a challenge if you sit back on your pc and underline what others say. Better not re-say for it has been said more correctly that you are repeating. This is the principle in informational research that after being informed what was your observation and inference. I have a biggest library one can say and it will be no help to say to public all what is in every book but what does it imply is what matters. Think outside the box a little I used to tell every other guy like you! Research please and join the thread not just kurupuka and interrupt. We will loose a valuable asset we have - the time to straighten your thinking before we can get any futher and for 10 people like you its a loss to the project
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
- 5,655
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WHAT?
I am very well informed, I just refuse to cling to every conspiracy theory out there. I have seen this so called evidence, and it doesn't stand up to the most basic questioning. THERE IS NO PROOF/EVIDENCE, I will be more than happy to change my stance the minute someone provides some.
AND
That is guess work and assumptions! That is not analytical research. Owning a TV does not nesessarily imply you have disposable income and having disposable income does not imply living an unhealthy lifestyle, in fact one could easily argue the opposite.
And a TV can never CAUSE hypertension, you can have ten TVs and still choose to eat well and exercise. You cant just pull things out of thin Air and claim them as facts.
Mshiiri
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 16, 2008
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- Thread starter
- #32
The highlighted words above make me think that may be past 30years its when my IQ would comprehend your story telling mind. It is a conclusion anyway. It is hard for you to relate things and I suspect your contribution to this thread will not get us to being well informed. Just a lizard looking the same as a crocodile does not mean a lizard is a crocodile. Anyway this is not politics BUT thanx
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
- 5,655
- 2,506
Well my contribution might not make you more informed but at least it wont lower our IQs like your contributions.
Good day Sir!
This statement does not answer my challenge because you are admitting yourself that it is difficult to pinpoint the factors responsible for the decrease . In fact, even in Uganda it was NOT the use of condoms alone which contributed to the much publicized reduction in HIV/AIDS but sensitizing people on the evils of any form of sex, except through marriage relationship. Jamani, ACHENI, TENA ACHENI NGONO ISIYOHALALISHWA!
KangOh, you people of understanding! If you cannot face the realities of SEXUAL DESIRES AND SEX MAKING listen to me good:
1. Since HIV/AIDS is NOT a disease stop researching for medicine or using condoms but just CURE YOUR MIND. Remember in the Alphabet, H and I (Head and Intelligence) are next to each other but P and V (Pe and Va ) are far apart.2.
2. How can you advocate for eradication of the Syndrome if you are giving people guns to kill themselves? On one side, you urge people to refrain from sex but on the other hand you are allowing FREE access to BULLETS (condoms). The only full-proof method of changing peoples sexual behaviour, practice and decision is: SEE (1) above.
3. Kang is confusing between HIV and AIDS. My reference, like Thabo Mbekis assertion, is that the virus (HIV) was man-made for CLEANSING BLACK PEOPLE and thats my opinion too (you can have yours). And this is what bbc.co.uk wrote on 26/9/03: . in an interview with the Washington Post in New York Mbeki is quoted as saying:
"Personally, I don't know anybody who has died of Aids," Mr Mbeki said, adding when asked whether he knew anyone with HIV, "I really, honestly don't". SO DONT I !!
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KIATU CHANGU KIPANA LAKINI CHANIBANA
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
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- 2,506
Condoms are not bullets, everyone is born with a natural bullet! Condoms are more like Bullet proof vests! I am not confusing anything, there is no evidence that HIV is man made NONE! Its one thing to have an opinion, but why should the rest of us subscribe to your opinions when they are not supported by evidence?
HIV is not a disease? According to who?
Where does Mbeki say that HIV is man made? So what if he doesn't know anyone with HIV? I don't know anyone with polio, yellow fever, ebola etc. So what does that mean? Nothing!
Saikosisi
JF-Expert Member
- May 4, 2007
- 528
- 34
Mshihiri; sijakuelewa kabisa- nadhani mawazo yako ni ya juu sana ndio maana sikuelewi- ila nitakupa fact rahisi kabisa- common sense ambayo mtu yeyote mwenye IQ above room temperature apaswa kujua!
How condom can prevent HIV transmission/acquisition-
1) Directly kwa ku-act kama barrier kati ya seminal fluid ya mwanaume na vaginal fluid.
2) Condom zina-prevent STD (sexually transmitted diseases)- magonjwa haya kama gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphillis na Herpes n.k husababisha inflammation (uvimbe na/ama michubuko) na/au ulceration- ni wazi ukiwa na inflammation na ulcers inaongeza urahisi wa kuambukizwa HIV, kwa hiyo kwa ku-prevent STD indirectly una-prevent HIV;
Je, umenipata kidogo? references ziko kibao sio stories za watu;
Kuhusu kupungua kwa prevalence ya HIV Tanzania pia sio story; hapa chini naambatanisha jedwali la matokeo ya THIS II bado sijaiona ikiwa published, ila hii ilikuwa ni personal communication na wahusika wa tafiti hizi.
Attached please find the population survey results on HIV in this Tanzania (2007/08). This is the second time that the Tanzania HIV Indicator Survey (THIS) has been done the first was done in 2003/04. The levels of HIV prevalence have slightly decreased from 7.0% (6% in men against 8% in women) in 2003 to 6.0% in 2008 (5% in men against 7% in women). However, Iringa region has shown an increase of prevalence to 14.7%, while in most other regions rates have decreased or stabilized.
The table below summarizes the results.
Table 17 HIV prevalence by socioeconomic characteristics
Percentage HIV positive among interviewed women and men age 15-49 who were tested, by background characteristics, Tanzania THIS 2007-08
Women 15-49 Men 15-49 Total
Background characteristic Percentage HIV positive Number tested Percentage HIV positive Number tested Percentage HIV positive Number tested
Age
15-19 1.3 1,756 0.7 1,815 1.0 3,571
20-24 6.3 1,531 1.7 1,125 4.3 2,656
25-29 7.9 1,422 5.0 970 6.7 2,392
30-34 10.4 1,164 7.4 954 9.1 2,119
35-39 9.5 1,007 10.6 806 10.0 1,813
40-44 7.6 668 6.7 615 7.2 1,283
45-49 6.8 630 6.1 580 6.4 1,210
Residence
Urban 10.6 2,065 6.4 1,605 8.7 3,670
Rural 5.3 6,114 4.0 5,260 4.7 11,374
Region
Mainland 6.8 7,909 4.7 6,657 5.8 14,566
Arusha 0.8 249 2.2 185 1.4 434
Dar es Salaam 10.2 835 7.3 693 8.9 1,528
Dodoma 4.0 309 2.4 271 3.3 580
Iringa 16.8 323 12.1 254 14.7 577
Kagera 3.8 534 2.9 475 3.4 1,009
Kigoma 1.5 365 0.1 297 0.9 662
Kilimanjaro 2.2 281 1.5 226 1.9 507
Lindi 4.9 201 2.6 155 3.9 356
Manyara 2.6 261 0.7 232 1.7 493
Mara 6.7 341 3.5 278 5.3 619
Mbeya 7.6 448 8.3 432 7.9 880
Morogoro 6.1 308 2.1 277 4.2 586
Mwanza 6.0 636 3.7 511 5.0 1,148
Mtwara 3.4 267 2.4 200 3.0 467
Pwani 6.6 152 3.2 101 5.3 253
Shinyanga 8.4 691 6.8 656 7.6 1,347
Singida 2.8 167 2.3 151 2.6 319
Tabora 6.8 460 5.3 417 6.1 877
Tanga 5.3 334 2.1 281 3.8 614
Rukwa 4.7 260 4.3 249 4.5 509
Ruvuma 6.3 322 4.4 288 5.4 610
Zanzibar 0.7 270 0.5 208 0.6 478
Unguja 0.9 187 0.6 146 0.8 334
Pemba 0.3 82 0.2 62 0.3 145
Education
No education 5.9 1,744 5.8 820 5.9 2,565
Primary incomplete 5.0 1,283 4.0 1,521 4.5 2,804
Primary complete 6.8 4,157 4.5 3,437 5.8 7,594
Secondary + 5.5 559 3.5 852 4.3 1,411
Total 15-49 6.6 8,179 4.6 6,865 5.7 15,044
1 HIV positive refers only to those infected with HIV-1.
Mwenye kuelewa na aelewe; mwenye swali aulize, na critique inaruhusiwa- with alternative explanation plus evidence, otherwise cover your ass.
How condom can prevent HIV transmission/acquisition-
1) Directly kwa ku-act kama barrier kati ya seminal fluid ya mwanaume na vaginal fluid.
2) Condom zina-prevent STD (sexually transmitted diseases)- magonjwa haya kama gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphillis na Herpes n.k husababisha inflammation (uvimbe na/ama michubuko) na/au ulceration- ni wazi ukiwa na inflammation na ulcers inaongeza urahisi wa kuambukizwa HIV, kwa hiyo kwa ku-prevent STD indirectly una-prevent HIV;
Je, umenipata kidogo? references ziko kibao sio stories za watu;
Kuhusu kupungua kwa prevalence ya HIV Tanzania pia sio story; hapa chini naambatanisha jedwali la matokeo ya THIS II bado sijaiona ikiwa published, ila hii ilikuwa ni personal communication na wahusika wa tafiti hizi.
Attached please find the population survey results on HIV in this Tanzania (2007/08). This is the second time that the Tanzania HIV Indicator Survey (THIS) has been done the first was done in 2003/04. The levels of HIV prevalence have slightly decreased from 7.0% (6% in men against 8% in women) in 2003 to 6.0% in 2008 (5% in men against 7% in women). However, Iringa region has shown an increase of prevalence to 14.7%, while in most other regions rates have decreased or stabilized.
The table below summarizes the results.
Table 17 HIV prevalence by socioeconomic characteristics
Percentage HIV positive among interviewed women and men age 15-49 who were tested, by background characteristics, Tanzania THIS 2007-08
Women 15-49 Men 15-49 Total
Background characteristic Percentage HIV positive Number tested Percentage HIV positive Number tested Percentage HIV positive Number tested
Age
15-19 1.3 1,756 0.7 1,815 1.0 3,571
20-24 6.3 1,531 1.7 1,125 4.3 2,656
25-29 7.9 1,422 5.0 970 6.7 2,392
30-34 10.4 1,164 7.4 954 9.1 2,119
35-39 9.5 1,007 10.6 806 10.0 1,813
40-44 7.6 668 6.7 615 7.2 1,283
45-49 6.8 630 6.1 580 6.4 1,210
Residence
Urban 10.6 2,065 6.4 1,605 8.7 3,670
Rural 5.3 6,114 4.0 5,260 4.7 11,374
Region
Mainland 6.8 7,909 4.7 6,657 5.8 14,566
Arusha 0.8 249 2.2 185 1.4 434
Dar es Salaam 10.2 835 7.3 693 8.9 1,528
Dodoma 4.0 309 2.4 271 3.3 580
Iringa 16.8 323 12.1 254 14.7 577
Kagera 3.8 534 2.9 475 3.4 1,009
Kigoma 1.5 365 0.1 297 0.9 662
Kilimanjaro 2.2 281 1.5 226 1.9 507
Lindi 4.9 201 2.6 155 3.9 356
Manyara 2.6 261 0.7 232 1.7 493
Mara 6.7 341 3.5 278 5.3 619
Mbeya 7.6 448 8.3 432 7.9 880
Morogoro 6.1 308 2.1 277 4.2 586
Mwanza 6.0 636 3.7 511 5.0 1,148
Mtwara 3.4 267 2.4 200 3.0 467
Pwani 6.6 152 3.2 101 5.3 253
Shinyanga 8.4 691 6.8 656 7.6 1,347
Singida 2.8 167 2.3 151 2.6 319
Tabora 6.8 460 5.3 417 6.1 877
Tanga 5.3 334 2.1 281 3.8 614
Rukwa 4.7 260 4.3 249 4.5 509
Ruvuma 6.3 322 4.4 288 5.4 610
Zanzibar 0.7 270 0.5 208 0.6 478
Unguja 0.9 187 0.6 146 0.8 334
Pemba 0.3 82 0.2 62 0.3 145
Education
No education 5.9 1,744 5.8 820 5.9 2,565
Primary incomplete 5.0 1,283 4.0 1,521 4.5 2,804
Primary complete 6.8 4,157 4.5 3,437 5.8 7,594
Secondary + 5.5 559 3.5 852 4.3 1,411
Total 15-49 6.6 8,179 4.6 6,865 5.7 15,044
1 HIV positive refers only to those infected with HIV-1.
Mwenye kuelewa na aelewe; mwenye swali aulize, na critique inaruhusiwa- with alternative explanation plus evidence, otherwise cover your ass.
Mshiiri
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 16, 2008
- 2,012
- 512
- Thread starter
- #37
I think labda utakuwa "mpare" anayebisha kuuza ng'ombe kutetea kesi ya kuku. I do not know a very good word here!!
If at all we should go forward and ask you to provide PROOF to support your argument that HIV is not man made, what is your evidence now??????? Aahh
Looking forward to hear from you again on your story telling mind. The ball is in your backyard now play it. All the same. Hope will see what is in you mind if not empty at all.
Bonnie1974
JF-Expert Member
- Mar 19, 2008
- 407
- 17
Thanx doc.Nakuaminia mwanawane.Unakandamiza.Iko juu hiyo.
Kang
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 24, 2008
- 5,655
- 2,506
It seems you haven't done basic science my friend! it is up to the maker of the claim to prove it true not the other way around.
When Galileo said that the earth was not the center of the solar system he went out and proved it! He didn't ask others to disprove his claim.
The ball is back in your court my friend.
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