English learning thread

English learning thread

Answers to Quiz 4.1

Part 1

1. His
2. Her
3. He
4. Its
5. Its
6. They
7. He or she
8. His
9. They
10. Their

Part 2

1. They
2. He
3. She
4. He
5. They
6. Them
7. It
8. That
9. This
10. He
 
BE Verbs

A verb shows action or a state of being.

I GO home. Home is my place to rest.
I LIKE the smell of my house.
I FEEL totally relaxed.
Home REFRESHES me.
At home, I GET ready for a new day.

"Be" verbs indicate a state of being.

Verbs must match subjects.

I am a doctor. (I'm a doctor)
He is sleepy. (He's sleepy)
We are here. (We're here)

Negative sentences need ‘not' after the verb.

I am not a doctor. (I'm not a doctor)
He is not sleepy. (He isn't sleepy)
We are not there. ( We aren't there)

The verb comes first in interrogative sentences.

Am I a doctor?
Is he sleepy?
Are we there?
He isn't sleepy.
We aren't there.

Remember the variations of "be" verbs:

Present NEGATIVE Interrogative
I am I am not Am I?
You are You aren't. Are you?
He is He isn't Is he?
She is She isn't. Is she?
It is it isn't. isn't it?
We are We aren't. Are we?
You are You aren't. Are you?
They are They aren't Are they?


QUIZ 5.1

Which of the following sentences are written correctly?

1. I am thirsty.
2. You are kind.
3. He am not sad.
4. She are not tall.
5. It is not moving.
6. We aren't tired.
7. Is they running?
8. Are you ready?

Next lesson: Action Verbs
 
Tokyo please explain to me about question no 7 part one and it's answer. Quiz 4.1
 
Answers to 5.1 QUIZ
1, 2, 5, 6, and 8 are correct.


Verbs
Action verbs express action and are the most common verbs.

Action verbs need 's' at the end with third-person, singular subjects.

He eats bread.
She walks to the station.
It floats on the sea.

Negative sentences need "do not", "does not", or "did not".

I do not eat bread.
He does not eat bread.
You did not walk to the station.
It does not float on the sea.

Interrogative sentences begin with "do", "does" or "did".

Do you eat bread?
Does he eat bread?
Does she walk to the station?
Did they finish it?

Do not = don't
Does not = doesn't
Did not = didn't.

I don't eat bread.
She doesn't walk to the station.
It doesn't float on the sea.
They didn't finish it.

Remember the variations of action verbs:


1. Affirmative Sentence
2. Negative Sentence
3. Interrogative Sentence

1. I sing a song.
2. I don't sing a song.
3. Do I sing a song?

1. You sing a song.
2. You don't sing a song.
3. Do you sing a song?

1. He (she) sings a song.
2. He (she) doesn't sing a song.
3. Does he (she) sing a song?

1. We sing a song.
2. We don't sing a song.
3. Do we sing a song?

1. They sang a song.
2. They didn't sing a song.
3. Did they sing a song?

QUIZ 6.1

Correct the verb errors in the sentences below. Some sentences may be correct as is.

1. I runs a marathon.
2. You look sleepy.
3. You do not dance.
4. Does you leave today?
5. We don't stay here.
6. It come with rice.

Next lesson : Adjectives
 
Bst1 said:
Tokyo please explain to me about question no 7 part one and it's answer. Quiz 4.1
Click to expand...

A parent always wonders if he or she are doing the best for the children.

As far as I understand:

Parent = one, a father or a mother = singular
Parents = father and mother = plural

Parent / he / she goes with wonderS
Parents or THEY goes with wonder

He or she = two possibilities = plural, they are referred to as ARE.

Other possibilities:

Parents always wonder if they are doing the best for the children.

I hope others will come forward with further explanation.
 
Answers to Quiz 6.1

1) runs -> run
3) do -> does
4) Does -> Do
6) come -> comes

Adjectives

Adjectives describe or modify nouns.

I like fairy tales.
A fairy tale is an IMAGINARY story that has UNREALISTIC characters in a FANTASTIC background.
It makes me forget about the REAL world and refreshes my TIRED mind.

Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun.

A pretty girl
Red flowers
A long stick
Heavy boxes
Warm weather

Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by adding a prefix such as un, in, or dis.

clear – unclear
important – unimportant
predictable – unpredictable
believable – unbelievable
common – uncommon
aware – unaware
ambiguous – unambiguous
conventional – unconventional
certain – uncertain
definite – indefinite
correct – incorrect
comparable – incomparable
complete – incomplete
evitable – inevitable
expensive – inexpensive
able – disable
assemble – disassemble
content – discontent
similar – dissimilar

When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set order: size/shape + age + color + origin + material.

A big brown house
A small old English desk
A beautiful black Italian leather purse
Delicious Chinese food

THE PLUS adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a noun.

the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, etc.
This popular TV show is loved by the old.

QUIZ 7.1

Write opposite adjectives using the appropriate prefix.

1) Clear –
2) Definite –
3) Correct –
4) Expensive –
5) Complete –


Part 2

Underline all adjectives in the following sentences.

In the spring, red roses blossom in my cute small garden. The beautiful birds also sing in the big oak tree.

Next lesson :
Comparative and Superlative adjectives
 
Answers to Quiz 7.1

1) unclear
2) indefinite
3) incorrect
4) inexpensive
5) incomplete

Part 2
red, cute, small, beautiful, big, oak

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives compare two things.

John is TALLER than David.

A superlative adjective compares three or more nouns. This takes the comparison of nouns to the highest degree.

My mother's cooking is the BEST.

Commonly, adjectives that contain only one syllable or end in 'y' use 'er' to form comparatives and 'est' to form superlatives.

For adjectives ending in y, change the 'y' to 'i' before adding the 'er' or 'est'.

old – older – oldest
young – younger – youngest
pretty – prettier – prettiest
long – longer – longest
short – shorter – shortest
bright – brighter – brightest
close – closer – closest
happy – happier - happiest

Adjectives with two or more syllables do not change but instead add more to form comparatives and most to form superlatives.

respectable – more respectable – most respectable

beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful

preferable – more preferable – most preferable

hardworking – more hardworking – most hardworking

Some adjectives have different forms of comparatives and superlatives.

good – better – best
bad – worse – worst
little – less – least
much (many) – more – most
far – further - furthest

The word THAN typically appears in comparative sentences.

Amy is smarter than Betty.
Chad is stronger than Dan.
Greg is more diligent than his brother.
I have more apples than he.
She likes him more than me.

Superlatives are typically accompanied by the word THE.

Tom is the oldest man in town.
Paul is the tallest boy in the neighborhood.
That shade of blue is the most beautiful color.
This is the longest song that I have ever heard.

QUIZ 8.1

Write the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the word COLD in in the bracket.

Yesterday was a cold day.
Today is ( ) than yesterday.
Tomorrow will be the ( ) day yet.

Part 2
Which of the following sentences is incorrect?

1. Mary is shorter than Jane.
2. The moon is more closer to the earth than the sun.
3. I have the best score on the exam.


Next lesson : Adverbs
 
Answers to Quiz 8.1

Part 1
Colder, Coldest

Part 2
2

Adverbs

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

An adverb tells more about a verb in the sentence.

The fire engine runs FAST.
Listen to his speech CAREFULLY.
I browse the web FREQUENTLY.
It rained HARD.

An adverb describes more about an adjective in the sentence.

The news is very SURPRISING!
The coffee is EXTREMELY hot, so be careful.
Nature is REALLY amazing!

An adverb modifies another adverb in the sentence.

It rains VERY HARD.
Computers run MUCH FASTER these days.
I clean my room LESS FREQUENTLY
because I am busy.

Commonly, adjectives can be changed to adverbs by adding 'ly'.

slow – slowly
quick – quickly
comfortable – comfortably
loud – loudly
clear – clearly

To change adjectives ending in 'y' into adverbs, change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'ly'.

happy – happily
easy – easily

Quiz 9.1

Choose the correct word form in the following sentences.

1. I spoke to you (careful, carefully) last time.
2. We talked about it (clear, clearly).
3. I sat on the (comfortable, comfortably) sofa.
4. My dog runs very (fast, faster).
5. Let's install the new program (quick, quickly).

Next lesson : Simple Tense
 
Answers to Quiz 9.1

1) carefully
2) clearly
3) comfortable
4) fast
5) quickly

Simple Tense

Verb tense tells you when the action happens.

There are three main verb tenses: present, past, and future.

Each main tense is divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive tenses.


Things to remember about simple tense:

a. Present tense is the original verb form.
b. Past tense has a few patterns.
c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.

RUN

I run a marathon twice a year. (present)
I ran a marathon last year. (past)
I will run a marathon next year. (future)

EAT

I eat lunch in my office.
I ate lunch an hour ago.
I will eat lunch in one hour.

SEE

I see a movie once a week.
I saw a movie yesterday.
I will see a movie tomorrow.

KNOW

I know it.
I knew it the day before yesterday.
I will know it by tomorrow.

LEARN

I learn English.
I learned English the last two years.
I will learn English next year.

COOK

I cook my supper every night.
I cooked our dinner already.
I will cook breakfast tomorrow.

Quiz 10.1

Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms.

1. I ( ) a song at the concert yesterday.

2. He ( ) a letter to his girlfriend tomorrow.

3. I ( ) to the library to borrow some books this weekend.

Next lesson : Table of Tenses
 
Answers to Quiz 10.1

1. sang
2. will write
3. will go


Table of English Tenses (limited)


A= affirmative
N= negative
Q= question

Simple Present
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?


Present Progressive
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?


Simple Past
A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?


Past Progressive
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?


Present Perfect Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?


Present Perfect Progressive
A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?


Past Perfect Simple
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?


Past Perfect Progressive
A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?

Next lesson: Progesssive and Perfect Tense
 
Progressive and Perfect Tense

Progressive Tense

The progressive tense involves action that is, was, or will be in progress at a certain time.

In the progressive tense, verbs are formed with a "be" verb + ing.

RUN

I am running a marathon right now. (present progressive)

I was running a marathon at this time last year. (past progressive)

I will be running a marathon next Sunday. (future progressive)

EAT

I am eating lunch now.
I was eating lunch when you saw me.
I will be eating lunch in the meeting.

LEARN

I am learning English at my desk.
I was learning English the last two years.

I will be learning English then.

COOK

I am cooking my supper now.
I was cooking our dinner when you called me.

I will be cooking breakfast by the time you come home.

Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present time.

Use has/have + the past participle form of the verb.

The past perfect tense describes an action that started and ended in the past.

Use had + the past participle form of the verb.

The future perfect tense describes future actions that will occur before some other action.

Use will have + the past participle form of the verb.

RUN

I have run several marathons this year. (present perfect)

I had run many marathons in the past. (past perfect)

I will have run a marathon by the time I turn 30. (future perfect)

LEARN

I have learned a lot about English grammar this semester.

I had learned the basics of English grammar in elementary school.

I will have learned a lot about English grammar when I finish college.
know

I have known her since I was young.
I had known her until she passed away.

I will have known her for 20 years next month.

COOK

I have cooked supper every night this week.

I had cooked supper every night until the stove broke.

I will have cooked supper every night by the time this diet ends.

QUIZ 11.1

Using the following sentence and create three more sentences using the present, past, and future progressive tenses.

I sing a song on the big stage.


Part 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given.

1. He ............. (exercise) hard since last year.

2. I ................ (study) math as my major since high school.

Next lesson:
Perfect Progressive Tense
 
Answers to 11.1 Quiz

1. I am singing a song on the big stage. (Present)

2. I was singing a song on the big stage. (Past)

I will be singing a song on the big stage. (Future)

Part 2
1) has exercised
2) have studied

Perfect Progressive Tense

The perfect progressive tense describes actions that repeated over a period of time in the past, are continuing in the present, and/or will continue in the future.

The present perfect progressive tense tells you about a continuous action that was initiated in the past and finished at some point in the past; however, the action has some relation to the present time.

Use have/has + been + ing.

It has been raining, and the street is still wet.

I have been running, and I am still tired.

She has been practicing the piano, and she is much better now.

The past perfect progressive tense illustrates a continuous action in the past that was completed before another past action.

Use had + been + ing.

It had been raining, and the street was still wet.

I had been running, and I was still tired.

She had been practicing the piano, and she had gotten much better.

The future perfect progressive tense indicates a continuous action that will be completed in the future.

Use will + have + been + ing.

By tonight, it will have been raining several hours, and the street will be very wet.

By next summer, I will have been running for almost a year, and I will be fit and healthy.

By the time of the concert, she will have been practicing the piano for several months, and she will be much better.

Quiz 12.1

Choose the INCORRECT sentence from the following.

1. I have been sleeping all day today.
2. They will have been walking for almost an hour by the time they arrive at their destination.

3. She have been eating a lot recently.

Next lesson: Irregular words
 
Answers to Quiz 12.1

3) have -> has

Irregular Verbs

Regular verbs form their past and past participle by adding ed (d).


Base Verb Past Past Participle
learn learned learned
study studied studied
cook cooked cooked
solve solved solved
ask asked asked
watch watched watched
listen listened listened


Irregular verbs do not have definite rules, but there are a few patterns.


Base Verb Past Past Participle
grow grew grown
know knew known
begin began begun
draw drew drawn
drive drove driven
fly flew flown
give gave given
speak spoke spoken
swim swam swum
go went gone
take took taken
find found found
spend spent spent
teach taught taught
pay paid paid
feel felt felt
buy bought bought
meet met met
have had had
feed fed fed
keep kept kept
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
fit fit fit
set set set



QUIZ 13.1

Find the past and past participle forms of the following verbs:

bring
drink
think
tell
eat
make
beat

Next lesson : Gerrunds
 
Answers to Quiz 13.1

brought – brought
drank – drunk
thought – thought
told – told
ate – eaten
made – made
beat – beaten

Gerunds

A gerund (verb + ing) acts like a noun in a sentence.

Seeing is believing.
Running a marathon is not an easy thing to do.

Watching TV is sometimes harmful.
Eating is always fun.
My hobby is painting.
She loves babysitting her sister.
I like listening to music.
I wasted all my afternoon by taking a nap.

I am afraid of singing a song on a stage.

Often, a possessive noun or pronoun comes before a gerund.

I hope that you don’t mind my using your pen.

Don’t be mad about my leaving early.
I don’t want you misunderstanding.
You will be amazed by my writing.

QUIZ 14.1

Fill in the blanks.

1. I enjoy ........... (draw) as a hobby.
2. She likes ............ (buy) clothes.
3. Children are fond of ............ (play) with water.
4. .............. (dance) is my favorite thing to do.
5. I am upset at his .......... (break) the rule.

Next lesson: Infinitives I
 
Answers to Quiz 14.1

1) drawing
2) buying
3) playing
4) Dancing
5) breaking

Infinitives Part 1

An infinitive is a verb combined with the word TO.
Most often, an infinitive acts as a noun in the sentence.
Less frequently, it acts as an adjective or an adverb.

I want to go home early today.
I hope to be chosen as a member.
I prefer to go there earlier.
You need to consider various rules in writing sentences.

You have to explain your reasoning in detail.

You might wish to act as a teacher.
To leave for a vacation is my only wish at this time.

A common mistake in a relationship is not to trust the other person.
Help me to save the trees!
To be mentally healthy, you must read books.

Do you want me to fill out this form?
Here is our to-do list.
It was nice to meet you.
It is time to move on.
I am young enough to change my habits.

Don’t forget not to make grammar mistakes.

You are required to leave all your belongings here.

I came to see a doctor today.
You have to work harder to succeed.
I need to take three more classes to finish my graduate study.
I got closer to the speaker to listen clearly.

Be sure to check if you have tickets.
I am going to buy the new computer.

Generally, it is not common to split TO and the VERB except for when you want to emphasize the verb.

I want you to immediately stop doing that.

You have to seriously work hard to succeed.

You need to definitely explain your reasoning in detail.

QUIZ 15.1

Fill in the blanks.

1. I am going .......... (learn) English.
2. It is common ........ (make) a grammar mistake.

3. Did you come ............ (clean) my house?

Next lesson : Infinitives Part 2
 
Answers to Quiz 15.1

1) to learn
2) to make
3) to clean

Infinitives Part 2

Commonly, an infinitive is used with the subject IT.

The sentence structure is "It is + infinitive.…"

IT refers to the infinitive. This expression is used in many ways.

It is time to do math.
It is common to think that way.
It is appropriate to keep a low profile.
It was nice to see you.
It was my pleasure to meet you.
It was my honor to have dinner with you.

It is good to see you.
It was great to go on a trip with them.

Both gerunds and infinitive phrases can function as nouns, in a variety of ways.

Gerunds and infinitives can follow certain verbs but not others.

You need to remember which verbs can be followed by only a gerund or only an infinitive.

Verbs that can precede only gerunds:

consider, suggest, enjoy, deny, avoid, miss, mind, practice, postpone, resist, finish, quit, give up, put off

Verbs that can precede only infinitives:

offer, decide, hope, attempt, promise, agree, afford, deserve, refuse, undertake, learn, fail, seem, appear, tend, pretend, choose, demand, desire, guarantee, claim, manage, determine, expect, want, wish

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives without changing meanings:

continue, like, love, begin, start, propose, neglect, stand, hate

Verbs that can precede either gerunds or infinitives but change meanings:

forget, remember, stop, try

I stopped watching the movie.
( I no longer watched the movie.)

I stopped to watch the movie.
( I stopped what I was doing to watch the movie.)

[Quiz 16.1]

Fill in the blanks.

1. I decided ............ (leave) the job.
2. She pretended .......... (know) me.
3. He desires ............ (be) a professor.

4. The company considered ......... (sell) its main building.

5. I expect ............ (win) at this game.

6. Do you enjoy ........... (take) care of your pet?

7. She hopes ........... (go) on a vacation.

8. Did you fail ......... (pass) the exam?

9. They want me .......... (take) this position.

10. It is great ........... (hear) that they agreed ........... (share) the land.

Next lesson :
Active Voice and Passive Voice
 
Answers to QUIZ 16.1

1)to leave
2)to know
3)to be
4)selling
5)to win
6)taking
7)to go
8)to pass
9)to take
10)to hear, to share

Active Voice and Passive Voice

Verbs are either active or passive in voice.

In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a do-er.

In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not a do-er.

It is shown with by + do-er or is not shown in the sentence.

Passive voice is used when the action is the focus, not the subject. It is not important (or not known) who does the action.

The window is broken.
((It is not known who broke the window, or it is not important to know who broke the window.)

The class has been canceled.
(The focus is on the class being canceled. It is not important to know who canceled it.)

The passive voice is often used.
(The focus is on the passive voice. It is not important to explain who the writer is.)

Passive voice should be avoided when you want more clarity in writing.

However, in some cases, you need to use passive voice to stress the action, not the actor.

Also, passive voice can be considered more polite, as it sounds less aggressive or dramatic.

That building was built in 1990.
The car was invented about a hundred years ago.

I was told that Mary moved to a different country.

Your business is appreciated.
She was elected to city council.
It was rumored that the company would lay off a few people soon.
It is recommended that the billing process be shortened.

You can easily rewrite an active sentence to a passive sentence.

The object in the active sentence becomes a subject in the passive sentence.

The verb is changed to a “be” verb + past participle.

The subject of the active sentence follows by or is omitted.

Sam wrote a letter to Jamie.
A letter was written to Jamie by Sam.


The government built a new bridge.
A new bridge was built by the government.


I recommend that you apply for this position.

It is recommended that you apply for this position.

[Quiz 17.1]

Rewrite the following sentence in passive voice.

John gave me a bunch of flowers on my birthday.

Part 2

Choose the sentences written INCORRECTLY in the passive voice.

1. I was eaten an ice cream.
2. The song was sung by a singer.
3. I was deceived by the TV program.
4.The concert was finished at 12 p.m.
5. He was written a novel.
6. The tennis match was aired on TV.
7. He was treated kindly.
8. I have been managed a company since 2004.

Next lesson:
Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive Mood
 
Tokyo40 said:
"In spite of" and "despite" are prepositional expressions.

"In spite of" and "despite" have a similar meaning to "although"or "even though".

They express a contrast between two things. They are both more common in writing than in speaking. "Despite" is a little more formal than "in spite of".

We usually use "in spite of" and "despite" with a noun:

1. He got the job in spite of his prison record.

2. John’s company is doing extremely well despite the recession.

We can also use "in spite of" and "despite" with -ing:

1. He was very fast in spite of being terribly overweight.

2. They arrived late despite leaving in plenty of time.

Warning:

We don’t use a "that-clause" after "in spite of " or "despite" .

We use "in spite of the fact that" or "despite the fact that":

When they arrived at Tokyo it was hot, in spite of the fact that it was only the end of April.

Incorrect...IN SPITE OF THAT it was only the end of April.

"In spite of" is written as three separate words.

1. They enjoyed the rides at Disneyland in spite of the long queues. (or … despite the long queues.)

Incorrect ... inspite the long queues or … despite of the long queues.

source:dictionary.cambridge.org

More explanation:

"Despite" and "in spite of" mean exactly the same, but "despite" is more common than "in spite of".

"Despite" and "in spite of" are prepositions. Both expressions can be followed by a noun or noun-equivalent.

1. I enjoyed the movie despite having a headache.

2. I enjoyed the movie in spite of having a headache.

Both expressions are used for saying that something happens although something else might have prevented it.

1. The government went ahead with its decision to build the nuclear power station despite / in spite of widespread opposition.


"Despite" and "in spite of" CANNOT be directly followed by a "that-clause". Before a that-clause, we use the expression the fact.

1. He still loves her despite the fact that she cheated on him.

2. He still loves her in spite of the fact that she cheated on him.

3. Many people are successful despite the fact that they do not have a university degree.

Incorrect... Many people are successful despite THAT they do not have a university degree.)

Despite yourself

To do something "despite yourself" is to do it even though you didn’t intend to.

1. The boy found the money on the table and took it despite himself.
(The boy had no intention to take the money; he took it, nonetheless.)


Never use "of" after "despite".
Always use " of " after "in spite".

1. We enjoyed the evening despite the bad weather.

2. We enjoyed the evening in spite of the bad weather.

3. She always looks cheerful in spite of / despite her problems.

The same ideas can be expressed using "though" and "although".

1. We enjoyed the evening though / although the weather was bad.

2. She always looks cheerful though / although she has many problems.

Note that "though"and "although" are conjunctions. They should be followed by a clause.

source:englishgrammar.org
Click to expand...

Nimejifunza smthing new
 
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