Eti wenye cell hizi hawawezi kupata UKIMWI?
Eti wenye cell hizi hawawezi kupata UKIMWI?
- Thread starter Kichwa Ngumu
- Start date
definition
JF-Expert Member
- Nov 28, 2013
- 972
- 1,584
ndio Cd4 zipo kila mahali hii nkutokana WBC(whte blood cells) zme gawanyika sehemu 5 esnopil..basophils..neutralphil...monocyte...na lyphocyte...ivyo inapo tokea any VIRAL infection LYmphocytes znakuwa Higher ndo maana CD4 zinakuwa every whre....nkrudi kwenye swal VIRUS wa HIV ana tabia yakwenda kujshika kwenye CD4 becouse ina protein layer ambayo ina CO RECEPTOR..CCR5 NA CXCRD ambazo zote kwa pamoja ndo znafanya CD4 antgens...na CD4 layer juu ya T-helper cells..virus aksha jishika kwenye cd4 huwa ana possessing enzyme ambao wana reverse transcriptance ya normal RNA to DNA nki maanisha huwa ana i force DNA yako ndani ya cell yako ku zalisha virus weng wa naamna yake .....ivyo basi m2 asye na SSR5& CXCR4 hawez pata HIV sababu process zote hapo juu ili visus aweze ku replication zitakosekana....ivyo virus atakuwepo without kuwa na effects...unaweza uka waita ma carrier...! normal kwa m2 mzma asye na infection anatakiwa awe na CD4 1000> kwa mwenye maambukzi zkishuka chini ya 200 ana anza dose ya ARVs....na ikumbukwe kinacho shusha immunity ya m2 ni CD8 hizi ni cytotoxic T-helper cells kazi yake niku destroy infected CD4 cells ambazo zme be infected kwaku zimwagia sumu ili zisije repture naku corse more spread ya virus ambao wanakuwa wame zalishwa ndani ya cells.....also kunazo cell nyngne kama CD3&CD45 ambazo zna tumika ku monitor T&B lymphoctes infection..!!!....wakat mwngne 2kiacha mambo ya medical mungu pia yupo ma anasaidia nasema hivi kwasababu nakumbuka mm mwenyewe ka mkono wangu nmesha wahi mpma patient ana CD4 63 ila bado anatembea na anaongea vzr na ana afya tele...haya ni maajabu japo kuwa najua ata weza fika mbali...
jembe_jembe
Senior Member
- Apr 14, 2015
- 185
- 66
Kaunga
Zipo mpaka kwenye shahawa.
Dah umechanganya madesa mpaka nakosa namna rahisi ya kukueleza.
Antigen ni protein au pathogen ambayo inauwezo wa kusababisha uzalishaji wa antibodies.
Antibodies ndiyo zinazo pambana sio antigens. HIV wakivamia mwili antibodies za kufanana nao zinatengenezwa lakini kwasababu ya uwezo mkubwa wa kuzaliana, na tabia ya kuwa vigeugeu(wanabadilika maumbile sana, mwasababu system yao ya kuzaliana/kujitoa kopi iko prone to a lot of errors so mwili ukitaka kuiga shape yake HIV ili iwamalize, inakuta wameshabadilika na kushindwa kudhibiti wingi wao.
Hatimaye baada ya muda wa miezi 3 mpaka 6 zile antibody zilizotengenezwa kujaribu kupambana na hiv zinaweza sasa kuwa detected kwa vipimo vya serology tunavyofanya kama determine strip, unigold na bioline. Unless vitumike vipimo kama.DNA.PCR au ELISA vyenye uwezo wa hali ya juu ya kuhisi maambukizi yenye umri wa 2 weeks.
Carrier sio neno la kitaalam kwahiyo halimaanishi chochote kwenye medicine ya HIV.
Kuhusu CD 4 T lymphocytes, hizi ni helper cells ambazo kukitokea uvamizi mwilini na wadudu, zina stimulate B lymphocytes, hizi zinaenda kumsoma mdudu/kirusi/bakteria na kwenda kujitengenezea umbo la kufanana naye, kisha zinajitoa kopi na kutengeneza plasma cells I.e antibodies.zenye umbo sasa la kuendana na hao vijidudu halafu vinakwenda kuwaua na baada ya hapo kutengeneza kumbukumbu ya hao wadudu(immunological memory cells) ili wakija tena siku nyingine wanawavaa mapema.
Sijui umenielewa mpaka hapo?
Zipo mpaka kwenye shahawa.
Dah umechanganya madesa mpaka nakosa namna rahisi ya kukueleza.
Antigen ni protein au pathogen ambayo inauwezo wa kusababisha uzalishaji wa antibodies.
Antibodies ndiyo zinazo pambana sio antigens. HIV wakivamia mwili antibodies za kufanana nao zinatengenezwa lakini kwasababu ya uwezo mkubwa wa kuzaliana, na tabia ya kuwa vigeugeu(wanabadilika maumbile sana, mwasababu system yao ya kuzaliana/kujitoa kopi iko prone to a lot of errors so mwili ukitaka kuiga shape yake HIV ili iwamalize, inakuta wameshabadilika na kushindwa kudhibiti wingi wao.
Hatimaye baada ya muda wa miezi 3 mpaka 6 zile antibody zilizotengenezwa kujaribu kupambana na hiv zinaweza sasa kuwa detected kwa vipimo vya serology tunavyofanya kama determine strip, unigold na bioline. Unless vitumike vipimo kama.DNA.PCR au ELISA vyenye uwezo wa hali ya juu ya kuhisi maambukizi yenye umri wa 2 weeks.
Carrier sio neno la kitaalam kwahiyo halimaanishi chochote kwenye medicine ya HIV.
Kuhusu CD 4 T lymphocytes, hizi ni helper cells ambazo kukitokea uvamizi mwilini na wadudu, zina stimulate B lymphocytes, hizi zinaenda kumsoma mdudu/kirusi/bakteria na kwenda kujitengenezea umbo la kufanana naye, kisha zinajitoa kopi na kutengeneza plasma cells I.e antibodies.zenye umbo sasa la kuendana na hao vijidudu halafu vinakwenda kuwaua na baada ya hapo kutengeneza kumbukumbu ya hao wadudu(immunological memory cells) ili wakija tena siku nyingine wanawavaa mapema.
Sijui umenielewa mpaka hapo?
jembe_jembe
Senior Member
- Apr 14, 2015
- 185
- 66
nimesema au pathogen kwakua nature ya vijidudu huwa ni proteinous. Inaweza hata kuwa antigen ya damu foreign/ ya mtu mwingine au mate ya mdudu kama nyuki au hata dawa ambayo mwili wako haupatani nayo. Anything that can cause antibody production in your body.
Unajua mkuu,ili mtu aweze kukuelewa inabidi kwanza kabisa awe na nia ya kukusikiliza hoja zako,lakini inanisikitisha sana kwamba watu wengi wanaposikia au kuona mambo mapya tofauti na yale waliyoyazoea huwa kwanza kabisa hukimbilia kupinga bila hata kujipa nafasi ya kuhoji,hii ni tabia mbaya sana na ni mojawapo ya tabia mbaya kabisa inayotutofautisha sisi watu weusi na wazungu.Hatuwezi kuendelea kifikra kama tutaendelea na tabia hii.
Kama mtu ana hoja mpya ambayo huijui na inakushangaza,cha kwanza kabisa inabidi mtu ajiulize,"kwa nini huyu mtu anasema hivi"?Au "kwa nini hao waliotudanganya wameamua kutudanganya"?"Wanapata faida gani"?.Hayo ndio maswali yatakayo kujengea msingi wa kuhoji. Lakini watu ubongo wao umeshakuwa na ganzi hawawezi hata kuji switch wenyewe kuhoji.
Watu wanakufa halafu wengine wanaleta mzaha,halafu hawajijui kama wanaleta mzaha na badala yake wanaona mimi ndio naleta mzaha,ama kweli kifungo cha akili ni kibaya sana.
Ndugu yangu ili uweze kupata ukweli wa swali unalouliza,kwanza inabidi ujue historia ya kweli kuhusu HIV.Ukishajua historia yake ya kweli ndipo utakapobainisha kwamba HIV is not real bali ARVs ndio real problem.Matatizo yanayojitokeza kwa watu wanaotumia ARVs hayasababishwi na HIV na ukweli ni kwamba yanasababishwa na ARVs,hapa ndiko kulipowachanganya madaktari.
Mimi nina evidence kwa haya ninayosema lakini wao hawana evidence kwa kile wanachosema zaidi ya kutumia hisia walizobebeshwa kutoka mashuleni,na hawajui kwamba yale waliyofundishwa hayana ukweli wa kisayansi na hawajafanya utafiti wowote kujua zile dalili wanazoziona kwa mtu anayetumia ARVs zimesababishwa na nini.
Mimi nimefanya utafiti,lakini kwa kuwa mimi ni mtu mweusi sina hadhi mbele ya watu basi watu hukimbilia kudharau na kupinga,lakini maneno haya haya angeyasema Obama yasingepingwa. Hawajui kwamba uelewa huu nimeupata kutoka kwa madaktari wenye hadhi ya juu kabisa dunia ambao wanapinga suala hili la HIV/AIDS,watu wanajua kwamba haya ni mawazo yangu binafsi.
Haya si mawazo yangu binafsi. Wakati nafanya utafiti huu nilikuwa open kusikiliza pande zote mbile kwa usawa,wale wanao support HIV/AIDS na wale wanaopinga HIV/AIDS,na mwisho baada ya kufanya utafiti nikagundua kwamba kwa 100% wanaopinga wako sahihi.Lakini hawa ndugu zangu madaktari hawataki hata kutoa nafasi kusikiliza upande wa pili.Hii ni hatari sana kwa mtu unayetegemewa na jamii,huwezi kupanuka kiuelewa kwa tabia hii.
Nimefuatilia hoja za kisayansi za pande zote mbili,nimefuatilia scientific documentaries za pande zote mbili. Na mwisho nimefikia hitimisho hili baada ya kufanya utafiti,hivi ndivyo msomi anavyotakiwa kuwa.Nina documentaries zaidi ya 60 zote nimefuatilia. Najua ninachokiongea.
Kwa kifupi;
HIV ni jina ambalo amepachikwa Retrovirus mwenye genetic composition fulani(maelezo mengi) ili kuonesha kwamba retrovirus huyu anasababisha AIDS.Yaani Human Immunodeficiency Virus.,jina hili ukiliweka kwa kiswahili maana yake ni kirusi kinachosababisha ukimwi.Hivyo kwa maana yao ni kwamba HIV yuko kwenye family ya retrovirus,halafu wanasema anasababisha ukimwi.
Lakini kisayansi, retrovirus hana uwezo kabisa wa kusababisha ukimwi.All retrovirus,all,can not cause AIDS.Ina maana ninaposema all ni kwamba HIV nimemjumuisha humo.Na ndio maana ukiachilia mbali scientific proofs,hata real life experience inaonesha wazi kwamba HIV(hypothetical) hasababishi ukimwi na badala yake ukimwi unasababishwa na mambo mengine tofauti kabisa,na ukimwi ulikuwepo karne nyingi zilizopita kabla ya kutangazwa kwa HIV mwaka 1984.Media zikaanza ku brainwash watu mwaka ule,zikarudiarudia mara kwa mara kwamba HIV causes AIDS na mwishowe uongo ukageuka kuwa ukweli.
Mwaka huo 1984 ilitangazwa hivi "The probable cause of AIDS has been found",na sasa hivi probable cause amegeuka kuwa real cause bila hata further scientific research kufanyika.Mkuu kuna mambo mengi sana hapa.Lakini inabidi ujue kwamba ugonjwa huu ni feki katika nyanja kuu zifuatazo;
1.Historia yake
2.Hypothesis yake
3.Vipimo vyake(HIV tests)
4.Dawa zake za ARVs
Katika sayansi ili ugundue kitu chochote lazima ufuate taratibu zifuatazo;
1.Observation 2.Hypothesis 3.Experimentation 4.Conclusion
Kama hatua za kwanza si sahihi basi huwezi kupata hitimisho sahihi kamwe.Hivi ndivyo lilivyo suala hili la HIV/AIDS.HIV hypothesis is wrong,hivyo huwezi kuhitimisha kwamba HIV anasababisha ukimwi wakati hypothesis yake sio sahihi.Sasa hawa madaktari maeneo kama haya ndio yaliyowaumiza.Hawana uthibitisho wakati mimi uthibitisho ninao.Wanasema pia ARVs hazisababishi AIDS lakini hawana uthibitisho lakini mimi uthibitisho ninao.
WHO data zinaonesha kwamba 97% ya watu wenye HIV katika bara la afrika hawana AIDS.Sasa kwa nini itokee hivyo wakati inasemekana HIV ndiye aneyesababisha AIDS?Ok,huku watasema nimefoji,twende katika masiha yetu ya kila siku,kuna wachangiaji wametoa mifano ya ndugu zao waliopimwa HIV lakini bado wanaishi miaka mingi tu zaidi ya 10 bila AIDS.Najua madaktari watakimbilia kwenye CCR5 gene mutation theory.Lakini wakumbuke pia watu wengi wa namna hiyo huku afrika hawana hiyo mutation,sasa inabidi wajiandae pia kujibu mkanganyiko huo,najua ikitokea watu wa namna hiyo hawana hiyo gene mutation watasema basi itakuwa vipimo vilikosea kutoa majibu.Yaani mkanganyiko wowote utakaotokea lazima waujengee hoja.Hakuna namna ambayo unaweza kuwashawishi madaktari wetu ili waweze kuangalia na upande wa pili pia.
-Hawana real life proof kwamba HIV anasababisha AIDS,mimi ninazo proof kupinga hoja zao,wana JF wengi pia wanazo.
-Wanasema ARVs hazisababishi AIDS,lakini hawana real life proof kuthibitisha hilo,mimi ninazo proof kuthibitisha kwamba ARVs zinasababisha AIDS.
Karibu kama una swali zaidi ya hapo.
Mimi si mtaalamu wa mambo haya japo nina uwezo wa kuweka vitu kwenye mizani yangu ndogo na kuvipima.
Naomba niambie kati ya terms zifuatazo ipi inasema uongo na kwanini?(Of course vyote nimevitoa wikipedia)
Lentivirus
Lentivirus (lente-, Latin for "slow") is a genus of viruses of the Retroviridae family, characterized by a long incubation period. Lentiviruses can deliver a significant amount of viral RNA into the DNA of the host cell and have the unique ability among retroviruses of being able to infect non-dividing cells, so they are one of the most efficient methods of a gene delivery vector. HIV, SIV, FIV, EIAV, and Visna are all examples of lentiviruses.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis (/ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs/;[SUP][2][/SUP][SUP][3][/SUP] from Ancient Greek ἀπό apo, "by, from, of, since, than" and πτῶσις ptōsis, "fall") is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in multicellular organisms.[SUP][4][/SUP] Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation.
Retrovirus
Retroviridae is a family of enveloped viruses that replicate in a host cell through the process of reverse transcription. A retrovirus is a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an obligate parasite, targets a host cell. Once inside the host cell cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backwards). This new DNA is then incorporated into the host cell genome by an integrase enzyme, at which point the retroviral DNA is referred to as a provirus. The host cell then treats the viral DNA as part of its own genome, translating and transcribing the viral genes along with the cell's own genes, producing the proteins required to assemble new copies of the virus. It is difficult to detect the virus until it has infected the host. At that point, the infection will persist indefinitely.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),[SUP][1][/SUP][SUP][2][/SUP] a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype.[SUP][3][/SUP] Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.[SUP][4][/SUP] HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells through a number of mechanisms, including apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells,[SUP][5][/SUP] direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells.[SUP][6][/SUP] When CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
jembe_jembe
Senior Member
- Apr 14, 2015
- 185
- 66
Kwanza kabisa, Wikipedia sio source nzuri sana ya taarifa hasa ya maswala ya medicine!Pili, hizo taarifa ili uweze kuzielewa, unahitaji knowledge ya Biochemistry, Immunology na pia ya Physiology bila kusahau Internal medicine ili uweze kuelewa mechanism ya action ya ART/ARV.
Kama vipi tuandae seminar ya medical education juu ya HIV mje na kiingilio, eneo na wakati tutapanga. Kuwe na minimum ya watu 20.
Once you're ready, feel free to PM me.
kichelepure
Member
- Mar 31, 2014
- 95
- 36
Mkuu deception na wengine,kuhusu maji ya limao je siwezi weka kwenye juice ya matunda na ikafanya kazi sawa na kuweka limao katika maji? Na ni lazima hayo maji ya limao kunywa asibuhi tu au unaweza kunywa muda wowote?
warumi
R I P
- May 6, 2013
- 16,218
- 18,440
Last edited by a moderator:
warumi
R I P
- May 6, 2013
- 16,218
- 18,440
Atleast umeelezea vizur
warumi
R I P
- May 6, 2013
- 16,218
- 18,440
Kabisa, tufanye maandamano uzi urudishwe kwa kweli, kuna mchezo mchafu unaendelea kwa nn waufute? Au kwa sababu hao madaktari wanaoaminika humu wameumbuliwa kwa kukosa hoja za msingi?
Justin Dimee
JF-Expert Member
- Apr 17, 2012
- 1,146
- 248
sija muona mzizi mkAvu. dr wangu uyo alinipa dawa ya jino. kwa kuniambia ni sukutulie mkojo wangu kila ni amkapo asubuhi asante sana.. mzizi mkavuu
. lakini leo hapa kwenye chakula ya dunia sikuoni mana kurasa hii inadarasa kubwa mno
back to topic.
Ee bana eeh kwaiyo ukimwi sisi tuna danganywa sio Na mi naona nikweli tuna danganywa haswa lakini ...kuna walakini kidogo. unataka kujitokeza kwangu kuelewe.
kwaiyo ivo via vyetu vya uzazi ndo vina eneza sana huu ukimwi? vip mtoto akizaliwa na akapata ma ambukizi nako ina kua vip. mana kuna watoto wadogo wana tumia. dawa izo na siku wakishikwa na homa inakua ni tabu tu. na izi dawa iweje mtuu akizitumia ngozi inabadilika rangi sana na hata kule mwanza niliona wakitangaza wafugaji wana wapa ngombe izo dawa za ARV na ngombe wana nenepa sasa inakua nini kipo kwenye izo dawa mtuu ameumwa ukimwi kadhofika aki anza dozi mwili una imarika na pia kunenepa izo dawa zina kua zinafanya nini cha kufanya kuwa ivo
na pia ukiwa na ukimwi wana sema usifanye mapenzi mara nyingi . itakupelekea kupoteza nguvu au hata kudhofika na pia uta wahi kufa mapema hao wanao tumia arv. kwahiyo huu ukimwi jamani una vitisho vikali sana na . ukimwi kumbe ni uwongo wa watu kwaiyo ayo magonjwa mengine yaki uwa. cell nyingi za damu. ndio mana inakua mtuu hatibiki wao wanakuja kupachika kua ni ukimwi kwamana hiyo basi ukimwi ni uwongo. ulio tukuka.
wa afrika tuna itaji darasa haswa kuelewa ivi vitu. shule zipo lakini ndo ivo vyakula kama ivi vya ubongo hatupewe tunaenda fundishwa mambo ya kina vasco dagama jamani. kweli kuna haja ya ku amka na kujifunza zaidi asanteni jf japo ndo tuna banwa banwa ila mwanya upo wa mtuu kuanza kuelewa kidogo kidogo.
ukimwi ndo ata najiuliza kwanini mataifa makubwa ata stori zao za mitandaoni hatuoni wakizungumzia huo ukimwi kwani wao sio binadamu kama sisi.? ukimwi kweli upo afrika tu. lakini .....???
. lakini leo hapa kwenye chakula ya dunia sikuoni mana kurasa hii inadarasa kubwa mno
back to topic.
Ee bana eeh kwaiyo ukimwi sisi tuna danganywa sio Na mi naona nikweli tuna danganywa haswa lakini ...kuna walakini kidogo. unataka kujitokeza kwangu kuelewe.
kwaiyo ivo via vyetu vya uzazi ndo vina eneza sana huu ukimwi? vip mtoto akizaliwa na akapata ma ambukizi nako ina kua vip. mana kuna watoto wadogo wana tumia. dawa izo na siku wakishikwa na homa inakua ni tabu tu. na izi dawa iweje mtuu akizitumia ngozi inabadilika rangi sana na hata kule mwanza niliona wakitangaza wafugaji wana wapa ngombe izo dawa za ARV na ngombe wana nenepa sasa inakua nini kipo kwenye izo dawa mtuu ameumwa ukimwi kadhofika aki anza dozi mwili una imarika na pia kunenepa izo dawa zina kua zinafanya nini cha kufanya kuwa ivo
na pia ukiwa na ukimwi wana sema usifanye mapenzi mara nyingi . itakupelekea kupoteza nguvu au hata kudhofika na pia uta wahi kufa mapema hao wanao tumia arv. kwahiyo huu ukimwi jamani una vitisho vikali sana na . ukimwi kumbe ni uwongo wa watu kwaiyo ayo magonjwa mengine yaki uwa. cell nyingi za damu. ndio mana inakua mtuu hatibiki wao wanakuja kupachika kua ni ukimwi kwamana hiyo basi ukimwi ni uwongo. ulio tukuka.
wa afrika tuna itaji darasa haswa kuelewa ivi vitu. shule zipo lakini ndo ivo vyakula kama ivi vya ubongo hatupewe tunaenda fundishwa mambo ya kina vasco dagama jamani. kweli kuna haja ya ku amka na kujifunza zaidi asanteni jf japo ndo tuna banwa banwa ila mwanya upo wa mtuu kuanza kuelewa kidogo kidogo.
ukimwi ndo ata najiuliza kwanini mataifa makubwa ata stori zao za mitandaoni hatuoni wakizungumzia huo ukimwi kwani wao sio binadamu kama sisi.? ukimwi kweli upo afrika tu. lakini .....???
BIGURUBE
JF-Expert Member
- Mar 11, 2014
- 6,748
- 4,252
Wengi wenye group hilo naona wanapata shida sana kupata watoto, cjui km ni kweli!
Ze Heby
JF-Expert Member
- Jun 22, 2011
- 5,636
- 6,178
Kwa uelewa wangu kidogo ni kuwa ni kweli kuna watu ambao hata wakiambukizwa virusi vya ukimwi leo hawatadevelope kwenye ukimwi wenyewe na hawa wanaitwa non developers
Hii inasababishwa na mutation kwenye CCR5 na CXCR4 gene hivyo cells zao zinakuwa zina abnormal receptors na hii hupelekea ile hatua muhimu sana kwenye viral life cycle ya attachment and penentration ishindwe kutokea
Hii inasababishwa na mutation kwenye CCR5 na CXCR4 gene hivyo cells zao zinakuwa zina abnormal receptors na hii hupelekea ile hatua muhimu sana kwenye viral life cycle ya attachment and penentration ishindwe kutokea
Maoni mazuri lakini swali ni kwa ninyi wenye ufahamu huo wa medicine, biochemistry e.t.c tuambieni hizo terms
ni za uongo/kwanini?
Papa Mopao
JF-Expert Member
- Oct 7, 2009
- 4,153
- 2,647
Deception, kuna maswali ya msingi hapa!
fortune lucas
Member
- Jul 28, 2011
- 10
- 4
Kupitia uzi huu leo nimekufunza kitu kipyaa kabisa.Hongera sana Deception