Tetesi: Etihad Rail kupewa SGR kuiendesha

Tetesi: Etihad Rail kupewa SGR kuiendesha

Waje tu,si tuliambiwa alisaini mikataba 32? Oktoba mwaka jana,ni suala la muda,tutafahamishwa yote,chezea kujikwaa halafu unaangukia kiti Cha urahisi🤣🤣🤣
 
imhotep said:
Mimi naongelea Bandari ya Ziwa Tanganyika wewe unaleta story za Uarabu.

Wakati Makufuli anawaleta Arab Contractors ulikuwa ukulata viuno humu.
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Ww ndio unaanzisha matusi!?
au huna hoja unakimbilia matusi
 
Mnada wa Mhunze said:
....hii ni sawa na nusu picha bali picha kamili linakuja."
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Halafu tunawalipa kwa dola fedha za kigeni na kuzidi kudidimiza akiba ya fedha za dollar ya Marekani na mwishowe tutapigwa mnada wote sisi

Wenye maono ya miaka mingi mbele Dubai DP World na Kigali DPWK wameona mbali sana kuliko bunge la chama kimoja leo Dodoma Tanzania Juni 10, 2023

DP WORLD NA DPWKigali wamemaliza dili matumizi ya bandari, gati na reli bure

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HISTORIA INAJIRUDIA TENA TANGANYIKA 2023 BADALA YA DAR ES SALAAM NA KIGOMA SASA ITAKUWA KIGALI
The Kigoma Protocol on 5 August 1924 : Goods to and from the Belgian colonies in Central Africa could pass tax-free via the railway. The Belgian government entrusted the operation to a private company, the Belgian East African Agency, which later became the International Maritime Agency (AMI)...READ MORE: Source : Belbases - Une page oubliée du colonialisme Belge en Afrique
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The German colonial government in Tanganyika East Africa decided to connect Dar es Salaam with Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika, and hence with eastern Congo. The railway
reached Kigoma on 1 February 1914. On Tuesday, 30 June 1914, the line was handed over from the construction company to the railway company.

2
On the previous Sunday,
the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne had been shot in Sarajevo. The subsequent whims of history would inhibit the Germans from using their brand-new railway for what it was meant for: transporting riches from Congo to the Indian Ocean.

3
The First World War was soon exported to the European colonies in Africa. From the
Belgian Congo, which had become a Belgian colony less than six years before the war started, troops under Belgian command invaded German East Africa (Tanganyika) in 1916 and the
town of Kigoma fell in Belgian hands on 28 July of that year (1916). What is now known as the Kigoma urban area has been the main hub connecting the lands and people around Lake Tanganyika with the Indian Ocean and the world economy since around the mid-nineteenth century. First centred in the historical town of Ujiji and linked to Bagamoyo via the central caravan route,

4
later centred in the Bay of Kigoma and linked with Dar es Salaam via the central railway line, the Kigoma urban area as a whole remained the infra-
structural pivot for traffic to and from East-Central Africa until this day.

This role as hub for the region explains why the Germans chose this place as railhead for their iron road to the riches of the Congo. However, this regional and historical importance does not mean that the global commercial and strategic importance of the region continued unabatedly.

Long-distance trade activities had seen ups and downs in the nineteenth century and the same is true for the period under scrutiny in this paper. A new boom in the economic and commercial domain was short-lived but nevertheless undeniable for almost a decade that lasted from the mid-1920s until the Great Depression. By then, however, Kigoma was no longer under Belgian control, but, remarkably, its port still was.

In 1921 the Belgians handed over the area under military occupation, including the town of Kigoma, to the British, but they were granted privileges and a concession in Kigoma’s port. This was part of the deal to have the Belgians evacuate the territory they had occu-
pied during the war. This deal, further including a Belgian port in Dar es Salaam on the Indian Ocean shores and a privileged use of the central railway, gave the Belgian Congo and the new Belgian mandate territories of Ruanda-Urundi an all-Belgian outlet to the
Indian Ocean.

Legally, this Anglo-Belgian agreement is quite straightforward; granting
the Belgians some privileges and concessions on the Tanganyika Territory, which had be-come a British mandate territory in the aftermath of the war.

However, the implementa-
tion on the ground opened a window of opportunities for all parties involved. This led to a short-lived boom of the Kigoma-Dar es Salaam connection in the late 1920s and early 1930s. One could expect Kigoma to be the minor one of the two ports, funnelling goods to and from the proper Indian Ocean port at Dar es Salaam, but in fact it was the other way around with Kigoma being the place where the formalities, transactions, logistics,
shipping, and handling were primarily taken care of, hence being the actual command centre of the Belgian bases (also referred to as Belbases).

In this paper, the focus is on the heydays of Kigoma’s role as an inland Indian Ocean port in the 1920s and early 1930s. The success was made possible by both stretching and not
insisting too much on the legal rights of the Belgians in the port of Kigoma, which de
facto meant that on the one hand all port activities took place in the Belgian-run port,
and on the other hand the Belgians did not make use of prerogatives which would have required a distinction between Belgian and British port activities.

Thus, not only could the agreement as such be seen as an exception to a territorial order in the narrow sense, but also locally, within the port of Kigoma, the spatial organization and the operation of the port was kept ambivalent.

Kigoma’s long tradition of connecting worlds, its infrastructural connectivity, and the institutional peculiarities of the “Belgian” port, which is at the heart of this article, make the town a fine example of what Matthias Middell and Katja Naumann described as
portals of globalization, namely “places that have been centres of world trade or global communication, have served as entrance points for cultural transfer, and where institutions and practices for dealing with global connectedness have been developed.”

5
Thispaper in particular focuses on the institutional and informal construction of the lake port of Kigoma as a Belgian Indian Ocean port on British territory. The story starts with the Belgian occupation during and immediately after the First World War, followed by
privileged presence guaranteed by a British-Belgian treaty, and reaching a decisive turning point in the early 1930s. Primarily highlighting the interwar period, I reveal how
territorial ambiguity and improvised pragmatism defied the lines of sovereignty and territoriality in the colonial period, both on the local and the international level.

As such, this paper can be seen as an exercise in colonial history after the spatial turn.

First World War: Settling European Scores (1914–1921)
During the First World War, troops under Belgian command conquered parts of German East Africa as far east as Morogoro, less than 200 km from the Indian Ocean coast.

However, only in the westernmost part of the colony, including Kigoma and its port, did they install an occupation government, leaving the rest of the territory to the British.

6
By the end of the war, though, it became clear that the Belgians would not be allowed to maintain their control in the area. As a matter of fact, the northwestern part of the
former German East Africa (Tanganyika) had never been Belgium’s first priority; they had hoped to use
these territories as diplomatic currency in order to obtain land close to the mouth of the Congo or to loosen the free trade obligations placed on the Belgian Congo.

7
In the end, however, the Paris Peace Conference would result in Belgium getting the mandate over Rwanda and Burundi, as well as a perpetual lease, for one Belgian franc per year, of the port sites in Dar es Salaam and Kigoma, allowing Belgian transit to and from the Belgian
Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi, free of dues, fees, deposits, or guarantees of any description.

In one way or another, the port of Kigoma would stay under Belgian management
for almost 80 years, despite British rule and Tanzanian independence.

8
The extraterritorial Belgian privileges in the British mandate territory of Tanganyika that was about to be founded were the result of an often neglected chapter of the 1919 Paris peace negotiations, which dealt with the parts of German East Africa (Tanganyika) the Belgian-led troops had conquered and still occupied at the time.

The Belgian-Congolese troops had already given up Tabora but still occupied the western part of the former German East Africa, from Karema in the south to the Ugandan border in the north, including 250 km of the railway, and still having access to Lake Victoria.

Against this background, the
Belgian and British negotiators, Pierre Orts and Lord Alfred Milner, started their negotiations. They both had a strictly territorial agenda.

The outcome of their negotiations also fitted nicely within the legal framework of imperial territoriality. The British got
the whole of Lake Victoria and almost all of Lake Tanganyika’s eastern shore, including the railhead at Kigoma. Belgium got the mandate over Rwanda and Burundi, two semi - autonomous districts in the northwest of the former colony.

9
Territorially the Belgians
got just over five per cent of German East Africa’s (Tanganyika) total surface, but demographically this
represented over 40 per cent of the population.

10
Up until this point, Orts and Milner practised business as usual, carving up the colonial cake amongst European colonizers,
thereby respecting the power relations between them. The devil, however, is in the details. The compromise Orts and Milner struck about Kigoma and Belgian access to the Indian Ocean met both the territorial strategic desires
of the British and the economic strategic desires of the Belgians. Roughly speaking, the Belgians relinquished the land, but could do what they wanted on from then on British territory.

This led to a port of Kigoma – as well as a section of the port of Dar es Salaam Tanganyika that was nominally British but Belgian in its operations. The outcome was an extraterritorial Belgian Indian Ocean port more than 1000 km from that ocean.

11
The Orts-Milner Agreement was an agreement of principle, which was signed on 30 May 1919 and accepted by the Paris Peace Conference. The most important part of the
agreement was undoubtedly the Belgian mandate over Ruanda-Urundi, which became part of the 1923 mandate agreements of the League of Nations.

In the context of this research, however, we are more interested in the deal on Belgian traffic through East Africa, including concessions in Kigoma and Dar es Salaam.

This part of the agreement
was turned into the Convention between Great Britain and Belgium with a View to Facilitate Belgian Traffic through the Territories of East Africa on 15 March 1921.

12
The convention consists of a preamble and 12 articles. In the preamble, the contract-
ing parties declare that the convention, which gives effect to the agreement of principle mentioned above, is an outcome of the joint efforts in Africa during the First World War and is meant to give access to the sea to portions of the Belgian Congo as well as to the
mandate territories of Ruanda-Urundi.

The central article of the convention was Article 2, which specified the underlying principle of freedom of transit to and from the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi across
East Africa. Additionally, it stated that there shall be no distinction with how British
persons, mail, goods, ships, railway carriages, and trucks were to be treated. Traffic to and from the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi was exempt from all customs duty or other similar duties, except for a charge of 25 cents per parcel.

However, if the transit
passed through the Belgian concession ports of Kigoma and Dar es Salaam, even this 25 cents charge was not due. Article 5 stipulated the perpetual lease of suitable sites in the ports of Kigoma and Dar es Salaam for an annual rent of 1 Belgian franc.

Apart from compliance with British law and order, the Belgians were free to do as they consider suitable within the limits of these sites, and had the right to entrust the workings of the sites to concessionaires for dura-
tions of up to 25 years (Article 6).

Article 9 freed the Belgian sites from any interference from the British customs authorities for goods in transit to or from the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi. Moreover, Belgian-sealed trucks or wagons on the Kigoma–Dar es Salaam railway were also exempt
from all British customs formalities (Article 10).

This meant that the Belgians could act independently from British interference as far as transit to and from Belgian colonial
territories through the concession sites and using the central railway was concerned. The British merely had the right to be present at all times.

The convention was signed in London on 15 March 1921. One week later, the Belgians
ended their occupation that had lasted for five years, and handed over the District of
Kigoma to the governor of Tanganyika.

14
Upon return from Kigoma, the governor-general of the Belgian Congo wrote to the minister of colonies: “Les Anglais se rendent compte que Kigoma n’a d’intérêt que pour nous” (The English are aware that Kigoma is only of interest to us).

15 What he omitted, though, is that the Belgian interest in Kigoma was also limited only to the port and railway.
Territorial Ambivalence and Improvised Globalization
in the Golden Decade of the Belgian Bases Pierre Ryckmans, who would become the most influential governor-general and chief
ideologist of Belgian colonialism in the decades to come,16 stayed in Kigoma in 1918.

Congolese troops returned from the military operation of Mahenge Morogoro Tanganyika with meningitis,
which led to a forced quarantine during which Ryckmans kept himself busy with investigations into the history of the region under German occupation. His focus was on Burundi, not on Kigoma.

17
Kigoma was a suitable place from where to look into areas of interest, but did not attract much attention itself. Similarly, it would become a pivotal place through which to connect areas of interest, but was not seen as a place of interest for its own sake or put otherwise, its interest lay in its capacity to connect and dispatch, and it is precisely this attribute that became or remained Belgian. Although it did not
lead to genuine Belgian interest in the local affairs and populations of Kigoma, the crucial function in linking eastern Congo with the Indian Ocean via the lake and the railway was soon recognized by this advocate of Belgian colonialism. In a letter to the minister
of colonies in the summer of 1921, Ryckmans – by then resident and acting royal commissioner in Ruanda-Urundi, and in this capacity responsible for the administration of the Belgian bases in Kigoma and Dar es Salaam 18 made a strong plea to make maximal use of the Belgian connection to the Indian Ocean via Kigoma, Dar es Salaam, and the central railway. He considered Kigoma and Dar es Salaam to be the most “Belgian” connection between Belgium and the Belgian Congo, second only to Matadi (“la plus belge
de toutes sauf Matadi”)

Source :
The Belgian Base at Kigoma’s Rail-head (1920s-1930s). Territorial Ambivalence in an Inland Indian Ocean Port by Geert Castryck

References :

Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House, Oxford (RHO), MSS. Afr. s. 900 (1),

History of Central Railway by C. Gillman.

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre, “Le «désenclavement» de la région des Grands Lacs dans les projets économiques alle-mands au début du XXe siècle”, in: Département d’histoire de l’Université du Burundi (eds.), Histoire sociale de l’Afrique de l’Est (XIXe-XXe siècle): actes du colloque de Bujumbura (17-24 octobre 1989), Paris 1991, p. 342-343.

For more information on the nineteenth-century history of the area, see:

Norman R. Bennett, Arab Versus European: Diplomacy and War in Nineteenth-Century East Central Africa, New York 1986, and

Beverly B. Brown, Ujiji: The History of a Lakeside Town, Boston University 1973 (PhD Thesis).
 
Mnada wa Mhunze said:
"....watu wanapiga kelele tu huku hawaelewi lolote ukweli ni kwamba hata reli yetu hii mpya ukiona imefunguliwa hadi Dodoma amini haitopita miezi hata miwili watapewa Etihad."

"....moja ya masharti ya mkopo fulani kutoka kwao unakipengere hicho."

"....Rais alishawaelekeza wataalamu hataki kusikia mkwamo wowote kwenye majadiliano ya kimkataba sasa unatarajia nini wataalamu wetu walivyo walafi na bucha wamekabidhiwa?!"

"...NA HILO LA BANDARI LILIPELEKWA BUNGENI KWA SABABU ZIPO SHERIA ZINATAKIWA KUBADIRIKA LAKINI NAKUTHIBITISHIA HUTOONA TENA KITU KAMA HICHO!"

"....hii ni sawa na nusu picha bali picha kamili linakuja."z
Mnyetishaji.
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Na hiyo SGR yenyewe nina wasiwasi itashindikana kuendeshwa. Juzi nilisafiri kwa barabara ya kutoka Mwanza hadi Dar. Maajabu ni kwamba malori yote yaliyokuwa yanaelekea Dar hayakuwa na mzigo. Sasa najiuliza hiyo SGR itakuwa inasafirisha nini kulipa deni tulilokopa? Kama malori yanakosa mzigo SGR itapata wapi? Tofauti na barabara ya Dar kwenda Tunduma, malori yanayoenda na kurudi yana mzigo, lakini TARAZA imeshindikana itakuwa na hiyo SGR!!? Yangu machooo!!!
 
Kwa haya mambo yanavyoenda usije shangaa asubuh unamka unasikia na ikulu imebinafsishwa,[emoji1787][emoji1787][emoji1787]Hii nchi sijui tulikosea wapi ila wasisahau tu kumpa Mo Mwendokasi aindeshe naona kuna undezi mkubwa kwenye ule usafiri.
 
Mnada wa Mhunze said:
"....watu wanapiga kelele tu huku hawaelewi lolote ukweli ni kwamba hata reli yetu hii mpya ukiona imefunguliwa hadi Dodoma amini haitopita miezi hata miwili watapewa Etihad."

"....moja ya masharti ya mkopo fulani kutoka kwao unakipengere hicho."

"....Rais alishawaelekeza wataalamu hataki kusikia mkwamo wowote kwenye majadiliano ya kimkataba sasa unatarajia nini wataalamu wetu walivyo walafi na bucha wamekabidhiwa?!"

"...NA HILO LA BANDARI LILIPELEKWA BUNGENI KWA SABABU ZIPO SHERIA ZINATAKIWA KUBADIRIKA LAKINI NAKUTHIBITISHIA HUTOONA TENA KITU KAMA HICHO!"

"....hii ni sawa na nusu picha bali picha kamili linakuja."

Mnyetishaji.
Click to expand...
Wacha waPewe na IKULU Tu
 
Mnasemajee????

Nakuhakikishia, kuna mtu atakinukisha mfano wa jamaa wa kule kwa Libya! Atajiwasha moto nakwambiaeni!
 
Huyu mama ni binadamu wa kawaida? Kwanini anaiangamiza nchi yetu?
 
Mnada wa Mhunze said:
"....watu wanapiga kelele tu huku hawaelewi lolote ukweli ni kwamba hata reli yetu hii mpya ukiona imefunguliwa hadi Dodoma amini haitopita miezi hata miwili watapewa Etihad."

"....moja ya masharti ya mkopo fulani kutoka kwao unakipengere hicho."

"....Rais alishawaelekeza wataalamu hataki kusikia mkwamo wowote kwenye majadiliano ya kimkataba sasa unatarajia nini wataalamu wetu walivyo walafi na bucha wamekabidhiwa?!"

"...NA HILO LA BANDARI LILIPELEKWA BUNGENI KWA SABABU ZIPO SHERIA ZINATAKIWA KUBADIRIKA LAKINI NAKUTHIBITISHIA HUTOONA TENA KITU KAMA HICHO!"

"....hii ni sawa na nusu picha bali picha kamili linakuja."

Mnyetishaji.
Click to expand...
CCM NAMBARI WANI
 
Mnada wa Mhunze said:
"....watu wanapiga kelele tu huku hawaelewi lolote ukweli ni kwamba hata reli yetu hii mpya ukiona imefunguliwa hadi Dodoma amini haitopita miezi hata miwili watapewa Etihad."

"....moja ya masharti ya mkopo fulani kutoka kwao unakipengere hicho."

"....Rais alishawaelekeza wataalamu hataki kusikia mkwamo wowote kwenye majadiliano ya kimkataba sasa unatarajia nini wataalamu wetu walivyo walafi na bucha wamekabidhiwa?!"

"...NA HILO LA BANDARI LILIPELEKWA BUNGENI KWA SABABU ZIPO SHERIA ZINATAKIWA KUBADIRIKA LAKINI NAKUTHIBITISHIA HUTOONA TENA KITU KAMA HICHO!"

"....hii ni sawa na nusu picha bali picha kamili linakuja."

Mnyetishaji.
Click to expand...
Itwkuwa safi sana maana Watanzania hatuwezi, kabisa.

Reli ya kati hohe hahe, reli ya tazara nyang'a nyang'a. Na hii mpya ya SGR wakiiendesha Wstanzania miaks 5 mingi itakuwa choka kabisa.
 
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