Kumbukumbu za ulimwengu (World Archives)
Kumbukumbu za ulimwengu (World Archives)
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Mshana Jr
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Joseph Merrick, 'The Elephant Man'
Born in England in 1862 with severe physical deformities caused by a rare condition, now thought to be Proteus syndrome, Merrick’s appearance led to a life of exploitation in freak shows, where he was exhibited as a curiosity.
After years of neglect and exploitation by others, Merrick found himself alone, sick and without help in London in 1886. Unable to make himself understood, his only identifying possession was Dr. Frederick Treves's card, a man whom Merrick had met two years earlier. Merrick was helped by a policeman into an empty waiting room where he huddled in a corner, exhausted. The policeman made contact with Dr. Treves, who went to the train station and, on recognising Merrick, took him in a hansom cab to the London Hospital. Merrick was admitted for bronchitis, washed, fed and then put to bed in a small isolation room in the hospital's attic.
After caring for Merrick at the hospital for five months the chairman of the hospital committee, Carr Gomm, contacted other institutions and hospitals more suited to caring for chronic cases, but none would accept Merrick. Gomm wrote a letter to The Times, printed on 4 December 1886, outlining Merrick's case and asking readers for suggestions. The public response—in letters and donations—was significant, and the situation was even covered by the British Medical Journal. With the financial backing of the many donors, Gomm was able to make a convincing case to the committee for keeping Merrick in the hospital. It was decided that he would be allowed to stay there for the remainder of his life. He was moved from the attic to the basement, where he could occupy two rooms adjacent to a small courtyard. The rooms were adapted and furnished to suit Merrick, with a specially constructed bed and—at Treves's instruction—no mirrors.
Merrick settled into his new life at the London Hospital. Treves visited him daily and spent a couple of hours with him every Sunday. Now that Merrick had found someone who understood his speech, he was delighted to carry on long conversations with the doctor. Treves and Merrick built a friendly relationship, although Merrick never completely confided in him. He told Treves that he was an only child, and Treves had the impression that his mother, whose picture Merrick always carried with him, had abandoned him as a baby. Merrick was also reluctant to talk about his exhibition days, although he expressed gratitude towards his former managers. It did not take Treves long to realise that, contrary to his initial impressions, Merrick was not intellectually impaired.
Despite his challenging circumstances, Merrick was intelligent, gentle, and well-read, enjoying poetry and making models. His story garnered widespread attention, highlighting both the cruelty he endured and the compassion he later received.
Merrick's condition gradually deteriorated during his four years at the London Hospital. He required a great deal of care from the nursing staff and spent much of his time in bed, or sitting in his quarters, with diminishing energy. His facial deformities continued to grow and his head became more enlarged. He died on 11 April 1890, while sleeping, at the age of 27. At around 3:00 p.m. Treves's house surgeon visited Merrick and found him lying dead across the bed. His body was formally identified by his uncle, Charles Merrick. An inquest was held on 27 April by Wynne Edwin Baxter, who had gained notoriety conducting inquests for the Whitechapel murders of 1888.
Merrick did not receive a burial; instead, almost all sections of his body were preserved for study, both skeleton and soft tissue. Treves dissected the body and took plaster casts of Merrick's head and limbs. He took skin samples and mounted the skeleton; the skin samples were later lost during the Second World War, but the skeleton is included in the pathology collection of the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel, which merged with the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1995 to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry at London's Queen Mary University. Merrick's mounted skeleton is not on public display.
Joseph Merrick was originally thought to be suffering from elephantiasis. In 1971, Ashley Montagu suggested in the book The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity that Merrick suffered from neurofibromatosis type I, a genetic disorder also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease. NF1 is still strongly associated with Joseph Merrick in the mind of the public; however, it was postulated in 1986 that Merrick actually suffered from Proteus syndrome, a condition which had only been identified in 1979.
His remains are kept in a glass case in a private room at the university, and can be viewed by medical students and professionals by appointment "[to] allow medical students to view and understand the physical deformities resulting from Joseph Merrick's condition." Although the university intends to keep his skeleton at its medical school, some contend that, as Merrick was a devout Christian, he should be given a Christian burial in his home city of Leicester.
In May 2019, it was discovered that Merrick's soft tissue had beens buried in the City of London Cemetery.
Note: While Joseph Merrick is better known as John Merrick, it is not his birth name. Sir Fredrick Treves recalled the name as such in his memoirs. It is unclear if Treves recalled details incorrectly or if Joseph Merrick went by John.
Image 1: Merrick photographed in 1888.
Image 2: Joseph Merrick (1862-1890) in 1889.
Born in England in 1862 with severe physical deformities caused by a rare condition, now thought to be Proteus syndrome, Merrick’s appearance led to a life of exploitation in freak shows, where he was exhibited as a curiosity.
After years of neglect and exploitation by others, Merrick found himself alone, sick and without help in London in 1886. Unable to make himself understood, his only identifying possession was Dr. Frederick Treves's card, a man whom Merrick had met two years earlier. Merrick was helped by a policeman into an empty waiting room where he huddled in a corner, exhausted. The policeman made contact with Dr. Treves, who went to the train station and, on recognising Merrick, took him in a hansom cab to the London Hospital. Merrick was admitted for bronchitis, washed, fed and then put to bed in a small isolation room in the hospital's attic.
After caring for Merrick at the hospital for five months the chairman of the hospital committee, Carr Gomm, contacted other institutions and hospitals more suited to caring for chronic cases, but none would accept Merrick. Gomm wrote a letter to The Times, printed on 4 December 1886, outlining Merrick's case and asking readers for suggestions. The public response—in letters and donations—was significant, and the situation was even covered by the British Medical Journal. With the financial backing of the many donors, Gomm was able to make a convincing case to the committee for keeping Merrick in the hospital. It was decided that he would be allowed to stay there for the remainder of his life. He was moved from the attic to the basement, where he could occupy two rooms adjacent to a small courtyard. The rooms were adapted and furnished to suit Merrick, with a specially constructed bed and—at Treves's instruction—no mirrors.
Merrick settled into his new life at the London Hospital. Treves visited him daily and spent a couple of hours with him every Sunday. Now that Merrick had found someone who understood his speech, he was delighted to carry on long conversations with the doctor. Treves and Merrick built a friendly relationship, although Merrick never completely confided in him. He told Treves that he was an only child, and Treves had the impression that his mother, whose picture Merrick always carried with him, had abandoned him as a baby. Merrick was also reluctant to talk about his exhibition days, although he expressed gratitude towards his former managers. It did not take Treves long to realise that, contrary to his initial impressions, Merrick was not intellectually impaired.
Despite his challenging circumstances, Merrick was intelligent, gentle, and well-read, enjoying poetry and making models. His story garnered widespread attention, highlighting both the cruelty he endured and the compassion he later received.
Merrick's condition gradually deteriorated during his four years at the London Hospital. He required a great deal of care from the nursing staff and spent much of his time in bed, or sitting in his quarters, with diminishing energy. His facial deformities continued to grow and his head became more enlarged. He died on 11 April 1890, while sleeping, at the age of 27. At around 3:00 p.m. Treves's house surgeon visited Merrick and found him lying dead across the bed. His body was formally identified by his uncle, Charles Merrick. An inquest was held on 27 April by Wynne Edwin Baxter, who had gained notoriety conducting inquests for the Whitechapel murders of 1888.
Merrick did not receive a burial; instead, almost all sections of his body were preserved for study, both skeleton and soft tissue. Treves dissected the body and took plaster casts of Merrick's head and limbs. He took skin samples and mounted the skeleton; the skin samples were later lost during the Second World War, but the skeleton is included in the pathology collection of the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel, which merged with the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1995 to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry at London's Queen Mary University. Merrick's mounted skeleton is not on public display.
Joseph Merrick was originally thought to be suffering from elephantiasis. In 1971, Ashley Montagu suggested in the book The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity that Merrick suffered from neurofibromatosis type I, a genetic disorder also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease. NF1 is still strongly associated with Joseph Merrick in the mind of the public; however, it was postulated in 1986 that Merrick actually suffered from Proteus syndrome, a condition which had only been identified in 1979.
His remains are kept in a glass case in a private room at the university, and can be viewed by medical students and professionals by appointment "[to] allow medical students to view and understand the physical deformities resulting from Joseph Merrick's condition." Although the university intends to keep his skeleton at its medical school, some contend that, as Merrick was a devout Christian, he should be given a Christian burial in his home city of Leicester.
In May 2019, it was discovered that Merrick's soft tissue had beens buried in the City of London Cemetery.
Note: While Joseph Merrick is better known as John Merrick, it is not his birth name. Sir Fredrick Treves recalled the name as such in his memoirs. It is unclear if Treves recalled details incorrectly or if Joseph Merrick went by John.
Image 1: Merrick photographed in 1888.
Image 2: Joseph Merrick (1862-1890) in 1889.
Mshana Jr
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THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF TARTARIA AND THE RESET OF HUMAN MEMORY
Tartary or Great Tartary would have been a lost civilization, a powerful and extensive empire that would have occupied all of northern Asia until approximately 1775.
It was like an ancient World Order, known as the "greatest country in the world." It ranged from the territory of the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the coasts of the Pacific Ocean.
Tartary would have disintegrated following several catastrophes and would also have suffered suppression by the world elite. One of the catastrophes would have been an infamous and mysterious massive mud flood. The goal was to hide their cities and evidence of their empire (from the Old World Order to form the New World Order).
In the history books this nation appears, occupying all of Siberia, it would not be a lost civilization (completely), but there would be several important aspects that are said to have been suppressed, such as its imperial character and influence over Europe and Asia. Tartary appears on several official maps and publications from before the 19th century, but already
then it begins to disappear from these.
According to new researchers, this nation would also have been very advanced (unique), with clean and free technology. Some examples would be in mysterious photographs with old technology.
Tartary was a noble ancient civilization. The alternative narrative says that it was infiltrated and destroyed by the world's elite (or a set of various other empires). The reasons were the ambition for its extensive territory and to steal and manage the scientific and technological knowledge it contained. This disintegration would have been implemented since the medieval era.
Tartary or Great Tartary would have been a lost civilization, a powerful and extensive empire that would have occupied all of northern Asia until approximately 1775.
It was like an ancient World Order, known as the "greatest country in the world." It ranged from the territory of the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the coasts of the Pacific Ocean.
Tartary would have disintegrated following several catastrophes and would also have suffered suppression by the world elite. One of the catastrophes would have been an infamous and mysterious massive mud flood. The goal was to hide their cities and evidence of their empire (from the Old World Order to form the New World Order).
In the history books this nation appears, occupying all of Siberia, it would not be a lost civilization (completely), but there would be several important aspects that are said to have been suppressed, such as its imperial character and influence over Europe and Asia. Tartary appears on several official maps and publications from before the 19th century, but already
then it begins to disappear from these.
According to new researchers, this nation would also have been very advanced (unique), with clean and free technology. Some examples would be in mysterious photographs with old technology.
Tartary was a noble ancient civilization. The alternative narrative says that it was infiltrated and destroyed by the world's elite (or a set of various other empires). The reasons were the ambition for its extensive territory and to steal and manage the scientific and technological knowledge it contained. This disintegration would have been implemented since the medieval era.
Mshana Jr
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In northern Thailand, a fossilized tree was discovered with a height estimate of 72.2 meters. This suggests that the ancient tree, which once graced a lush tropical forest, could have stood at an impressive height exceeding 100 meters, and its presence in the humid tropical environment dates back approximately 800,000 years.
Mshana Jr
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The majestic Grand Staircase of the Palace of Knossos, dating from 2000-1400 BC, remains an extraordinary feat of ancient Minoan architecture. Located in the east wing, it leads to the Royal Apartments, reflecting the grandeur and sophistication of this iconic site in Knossos, Crete. Perched on the "tou Tselebi i Kephala" hill near the River Kairatos in the Regional Unit of Heraklion, the Palace of Knossos served as the epicenter of Minoan civilization, sprawling over 20,000 square meters. Initially discovered by Minos Kalokairinos in 1878 and extensively excavated by Sir Arthur Evans in the early 20th century, ongoing research is conducted by the British School of Archaeology.
With origins tracing back to the Neolithic period, the palace was established during the Protopalatial period around 2000 BC. Despite enduring multiple cycles of destruction and reconstruction, it reached its architectural and cultural zenith during the Neopalatial period between 1750-1430 BC. Uniquely, it remained partially inhabited during the Postpalatial period (1400-1100 BC), making it the only Minoan palace to sustain such continuity. The Grand Staircase, along with the palace’s elaborate frescoes, advanced drainage systems, and ceremonial spaces, underscores the ingenuity and enduring legacy of the Minoan civilization.
With origins tracing back to the Neolithic period, the palace was established during the Protopalatial period around 2000 BC. Despite enduring multiple cycles of destruction and reconstruction, it reached its architectural and cultural zenith during the Neopalatial period between 1750-1430 BC. Uniquely, it remained partially inhabited during the Postpalatial period (1400-1100 BC), making it the only Minoan palace to sustain such continuity. The Grand Staircase, along with the palace’s elaborate frescoes, advanced drainage systems, and ceremonial spaces, underscores the ingenuity and enduring legacy of the Minoan civilization.
Mshana Jr
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"Glory Hole" ya Ziwa Berryessa, iliyoko katika Kaunti ya Napa, California, ni mwanya wa ajabu wa umbo la faneli ambao hufanya kazi kama mfumo wa mifereji ya maji kwa hifadhi. Licha ya mwonekano wake wa kutotulia, jambo hili ni muundo wa majimaji uliobuniwa ili kudhibiti viwango vya maji ya ziwa. Ilijengwa katika miaka ya 1950, mfereji wa maji unaunganishwa na handaki ya chini ya ardhi ambayo inaelekeza maji kwenye Mto Putah. Ingawa madhumuni yake ya kimsingi ni ya kiufundi, Glory Hole imekuwa kivutio maarufu cha watalii kwa sababu ya muundo wake wa kuvutia na mwendo wa maji unaovutia kutoweka ndani ya vilindi vyake....
Mshana Jr
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In an amazing twist of fate, Australian surfer Matt Cuddihy discovered a vintage Rolex Submariner off the coast of Noosa, Queensland, in 2023. Despite being submerged underwater for about four years, the iconic watch was still ticking!
After sharing his discovery on social media, Matt was able to track down the owner, Ric Outrim, who had lost it in 2019. The watch, engraved with “R. Outrim, Presented 1971,” held deep sentimental value. Rolex later restored it to its original condition.
This incredible find forged a lasting bond between Matt and Ric, and they plan to return to the spot together. An unforgettable story of adventure, friendship, and a priceless recovery!
#Rolex #Discovery #Vintage #OceanFinds #NoosaQueensland #Reunion #SurferLife #IncredibleFind #LostAndFound
After sharing his discovery on social media, Matt was able to track down the owner, Ric Outrim, who had lost it in 2019. The watch, engraved with “R. Outrim, Presented 1971,” held deep sentimental value. Rolex later restored it to its original condition.
This incredible find forged a lasting bond between Matt and Ric, and they plan to return to the spot together. An unforgettable story of adventure, friendship, and a priceless recovery!
#Rolex #Discovery #Vintage #OceanFinds #NoosaQueensland #Reunion #SurferLife #IncredibleFind #LostAndFound
Mshana Jr
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Troy, New York.
Gari la Burden Iron Works ladle linalotumika kusafirisha chuma kilichoyeyushwa nje ya makumbusho ya Burden Iron Works.
Jumba la makumbusho linaonyesha mabaki ya zamani ya viwanda ya Burden. Kiwanda hicho kiliwahi kuwa na mashine tisa (Henry Burden zuliwa) kila moja ikitoa viatu vya farasi sitini kwa dakika au karibu milioni hamsini kwa mwaka.
Gari la Burden Iron Works ladle linalotumika kusafirisha chuma kilichoyeyushwa nje ya makumbusho ya Burden Iron Works.
Jumba la makumbusho linaonyesha mabaki ya zamani ya viwanda ya Burden. Kiwanda hicho kiliwahi kuwa na mashine tisa (Henry Burden zuliwa) kila moja ikitoa viatu vya farasi sitini kwa dakika au karibu milioni hamsini kwa mwaka.
Mshana Jr
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Inaaminika kuwa Rex alikuwa mbwa wa John E. Stow, mmoja wa wafanyabiashara wa matunda waliofanya biashara hiyo
kwa muda mrefu katika jiji hilo hadi kifo chake mwaka wa 1884. Kwa miaka mingi, watu wamekusanya vijiti na matawi yaliyoanguka ili kuweka kwenye mahali pa kupumzikia mbwa mwaminifu. Wageni wakiwa chini ya mti wenye vijiti vingi, mara nyingi huacha kijiti kwenye makucha ya Rex kama zawadi. Mtu hata aliacha picha ya mbwa wao mwenyewe huko-labda kipenzi kipendwa kilichokufa-kama kusema, "Rex, mwangalie mdogo wangu."
#facts #JeWajua #doglover #petlovers #loyalty
#facts #JeWajua #doglover #petlovers #loyalty
Mshana Jr
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Zaidi ya miaka 6,000 iliyopita, ustaarabu wa ajabu ulikuwa na ramani za kina za mfumo wetu wa jua. Wasumeri waliunda michoro hii kwa kutumia udongo. Michoro iliyosalia inaonyesha kwamba walielewa kwamba jua ni nyota iliyo katikati ya mfumo wa jua na kwamba sayari nyingine huizunguka. Walichora kwa usahihi mizunguko na nafasi za sayari.
Inafurahisha, baadhi ya picha zao za uchoraji pia zinaonyesha picha za ajabu za vyombo vikubwa. Wasumeri waliwaona kuwa miungu. Jambo la kushangaza ni kwamba baadhi ya michoro ya miungu hiyo huonyesha alama zinazofanana na mfuatano wa DNA za binadamu. Zaidi ya hayo, walikuwa na alama zinazohusiana na dawa, ambazo zinafanana sana na alama za kisasa za matibabu. Hadi leo, bado hatuwezi kuelewa jinsi maelfu ya miaka iliyopita, ustaarabu wa kale zaidi wa wanadamu ulivyokuwa na ujuzi wa kina wa astronomia.
Hili linazua swali la kama ustaarabu huu wa kale haukuwa nyuma bali ulikuwa umesonga mbele zaidi ya ufahamu wetu wa sasa juu yao.
Inafurahisha, baadhi ya picha zao za uchoraji pia zinaonyesha picha za ajabu za vyombo vikubwa. Wasumeri waliwaona kuwa miungu. Jambo la kushangaza ni kwamba baadhi ya michoro ya miungu hiyo huonyesha alama zinazofanana na mfuatano wa DNA za binadamu. Zaidi ya hayo, walikuwa na alama zinazohusiana na dawa, ambazo zinafanana sana na alama za kisasa za matibabu. Hadi leo, bado hatuwezi kuelewa jinsi maelfu ya miaka iliyopita, ustaarabu wa kale zaidi wa wanadamu ulivyokuwa na ujuzi wa kina wa astronomia.
Hili linazua swali la kama ustaarabu huu wa kale haukuwa nyuma bali ulikuwa umesonga mbele zaidi ya ufahamu wetu wa sasa juu yao.
Mshana Jr
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Tazama siku za mwanzo za Tafari Makonnen, mtoto aliyekusudiwa kuwa Haile Selassie I, Simba Mshindi wa Yuda. Kutoka mwanzo mnyenyekevu hadi urithi unaohamasisha mataifa. 👑🦁 #HaileSelassie #SimbaWaYuda #MfalmeWaWafalme #UrithiWaUkuu
Mshana Jr
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A new nuclear batter could power devices for literally thousands of years.
Teams at the University of Bristol and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) revealed the carbon-14 diamond battery. To operate, this innovative battery harnesses the radioactive decay of carbon-14 — a byproduct of nuclear reactors — encased in a diamond shell.
The diamond casing absorbs the radiation safely while generating electricity, functioning similarly to solar panels but using fast-moving electrons instead of light.
With its extended lifespan and sustainability, the battery offers a revolutionary solution for powering devices in medicine, space exploration, and remote locations.
Additionally, by repurposing carbon-14 from graphite nuclear waste, the battery contributes to waste reduction and sustainable energy production. Its safety is assured by the diamond casing, which fully contains the radiation.
Learn more: December: Diamond battery media release | News and features | University of Bristol
Teams at the University of Bristol and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) revealed the carbon-14 diamond battery. To operate, this innovative battery harnesses the radioactive decay of carbon-14 — a byproduct of nuclear reactors — encased in a diamond shell.
The diamond casing absorbs the radiation safely while generating electricity, functioning similarly to solar panels but using fast-moving electrons instead of light.
With its extended lifespan and sustainability, the battery offers a revolutionary solution for powering devices in medicine, space exploration, and remote locations.
Additionally, by repurposing carbon-14 from graphite nuclear waste, the battery contributes to waste reduction and sustainable energy production. Its safety is assured by the diamond casing, which fully contains the radiation.
Learn more: December: Diamond battery media release | News and features | University of Bristol