Maana ya Kifungo cha Maisha

[Amavubi]

Rais NDIYE ANAUNDA PAROLE BOARD

 

[Amavubi]

rais ndiye anaunda parole board

na zinaripoti kwa rais

 

[Amavubi]

Hapa ndio legal arguement inakolea,............mm na nn tunakodelea hapa

a well introspection emt

ni kweli kuwa presidential pardon inatoa forgiveness of a crime, cancellation of a penalty na restoring of ones' civil rights.

Parole inatoa mwanya wa kupunguza adhabu(lessening of a penalty) but without forgiveness for a crime. Hii huambatana na probation period. Utapata restoration of civil rights but with limitations. Mfano katika marekani wafungwa hujaza restoration of civil rights forms zinazoambatanisha hizo limitations. Katika tanzania baada ya kupata huruma ya parole utakuwa huru nje ya gereza kama raia yeyote ukiendelea na shughuri zako lakini utakosa zile haki ambazo zimeambatanishwa kisheria ku_exclude wale wote waliowahi kupatikana na hatia ya jinai mahakamani eg. The national elections act(1985) hairuhusu mgombea wa nafasi ya kisiasa kuwa na doa la hatia ya jinai.

Ila sasa nami umenichemsha bongo unaposema beneficiary wa presidential pardon hatakuwa tena na criminal records. Nachelea(legally) kusema kuwa forgiveness of a crime leads(amounts) to decontamination of criminal records. Hapa naomba nikiri sina precedence ya kusimamia. Nadhani tunahitaji utafiti wa ziada maana kwa tafsiri yangu maneno yako haya yananijengea dhana kuwa ikiwa huyu beneficiary kwa mara nyingine akipandishwa kizimbani kwa kosa jingine basi waendesha mashtaka na hakimu hawataruhusiwa kutumia criminal records zilizopelekea kifungo na baadae msamaha wa rais hapo nyuma.

 

[Ivonya-Ngia]

Hmm...mbona kama unazungumzia/umeulizia expungements hapo. Maana kwenye expungement ndiyo kuna kufuta kabisa hiyo rekodi ya uhalifu na kufanya kuwa kama hakukutokea kitu.

Sasa rais huwa anatoa expungements au huwa anatoa misamaha/ pardons (forgiveness)? Na kwenye misamaha sidhani kama rekodi inafutika.

Maana kama mtu ni convicted felon na kapewa tu msamaha na rais sioni kwa nini hiyo kumbukumbu ifutike.

But what do I know...mi mbeba maboksi tu:smile-big:.

Nashukuru sana Nyani Ngabu kwa kuileta hii concept ya expungement, it's a crucial addendum katika mjadala wetu.

Nami nimetafiti na kugundua kuondoa criminal records za mtu ni expungement/spent conviction na haihusiani na presidential pardon.

Expungements, hapa watu wa LegalFlip wanatuonyesha tofauti za kimsingi kati ya expungement na presidential pardon. Nimeona wataalam wengi wanakubaliana kuwa expungement ni common practice under common law legal system ingawa si practitioners wote wana_agree to treat expunged crimes as they never occured. Kuna baadhi ya crimes pia kamwe haziwezi kufutwa katika records kulingana na sheria za nchi husika.

Halafu kuondoa criminal records ni purely a judicial action wakati presidential pardon si judicial action. Na pia kama mtu alinufaika na presidential pardon hapo nyuma still atalazimika kuorodhesha hatia/makosa yake popote pale itakapohitajika kwa mujibu wa taratibu/sheria wakati mnufaika wa expungement mara nyingi halazimiki/hapaswi kufanya hivyo.

Nimebahatika kukutana na kesi moja kuthibitisha kuwa expungement hata katika Tanzania inatumika. Uamuzi unaohusisha expungement unapatikana katika shauri la rufaa la Issa Athumani Tojo vs The Republic(1996) mbele ya Mahakama ya Rufaa ya Tanzania(nimeambatanisha hapa). Lakini pia nimejaribu kutafuta ufafanuzi zaidi katika Criminal Procedure code ya Tanzania naona haijakidhi kiu yangu kufahamu kiundani utaratibu huu wa expungement ndani ya JMT.

cc; EMT

 

[Mc Tilly Chizenga]

umedadavua vizuri, je una rejea yoyote?

kuna kitu kinaitwa hadidu kinaendanaga na hapo pekundu!kiswahili sio mchezo

 

[EMT]

Nadhani tunahitaji utafiti wa ziada maana kwa tafsiri yangu maneno yako haya yananijengea dhana kuwa ikiwa huyu beneficiary kwa mara nyingine akipandishwa kizimbani kwa kosa jingine basi waendesha mashtaka na hakimu hawataruhusiwa kutumia criminal records zilizopelekea kifungo na baadae msamaha wa Rais hapo nyuma.

Interesting. It could also mean that hata kama akikutwa na hatia anaweza kuomba kupunguziwa adhabu kwa kigezo kuwa hilo ni kosa lake kwa kwanza simply because atakuwa hana criminal record ya aina yoyote ile.

It would then be very interesting to hear the prosecutor's response to this plea.

 

[EMT]

Hmm...mbona kama unazungumzia/umeulizia expungements hapo. Maana kwenye expungement ndiyo kuna kufuta kabisa hiyo rekodi ya uhalifu na kufanya kuwa kama hakukutokea kitu.

Sasa rais huwa anatoa expungements au huwa anatoa misamaha/ pardons (forgiveness)? Na kwenye misamaha sidhani kama rekodi inafutika.

Maana kama mtu ni convicted felon na kapewa tu msamaha na rais sioni kwa nini hiyo kumbukumbu ifutike.

But what do I know...mi mbeba maboksi tu:smile-big:.

Nafikiri expungement inatumika zaidi kwenye minor offences (http://www.sccourts.org/selfHelp/FAQFinalExpungementPardon.pdf). Pia expungement haitumiki kwenye nchi zote.

Kwa mfano, inatumika Marekani ambapo mahakama ina "seal" a person criminal records from the public records.

Technically, mtu anaweza kusema kuwa hizo records hazijafutwa bali zimekuwa "sealed" from the public records.

Kwa upande wa Uingereza they don't expunge criminal records, rather a conviction is regarded as "spent" baada ya muda fulani kupita (kulingana na nature ya offence yenyewe, of course).

Nadhani tofauti kubwa kati ya expungement na pardon ni kwamba expungement inatolewa na mahakama wakati pardon inatolewa na Rais.

Hata hivyo, mtu ambaye amepewa msamaha na Rais still bado atatakiwa ku-disclose kosa alilokuwa ametenda kama akitakiwa kufanya hivyo.

[video=youtube_share;TjtGV0U2rc8]http://youtu.be/TjtGV0U2rc8[/video]

 

[Nyani Ngabu]

Nafikiri expungement inatumika zaidi kwenye minor offences (http://www.sccourts.org/selfHelp/FAQFinalExpungementPardon.pdf). Pia expungement haitumiki kwenye nchi zote.

Kwa mfano, inatumika Marekani ambapo mahakama ina "seal" a person criminal records from the public records.

Technically, mtu anaweza kusema kuwa hizo records hazijafutwa bali zimekuwa "sealed" from the public records.

Kwa upande wa Uingereza they don't expunge criminal records, rather a conviction is regarded as "spent" baada ya muda fulani kupita (kulingana na nature ya offence yenyewe, of course).

Nadhani tofauti kubwa kati ya expungement na pardon ni kwamba expungement inatolewa na mahakama wakati pardon inatolewa na Rais.

Hata hivyo, mtu ambaye amepewa msamaha na Rais still bado atatakiwa ku-disclose kosa alilokuwa ametenda kama akitakiwa kufanya hivyo.

Na je, kama mtu alikuwa wrongfully convicted kwa kosa la jinai (tuseme kubaka) halafu baadae ikaja kugundulika kwa kutumia nyenzo kama DNA kwamba hakubaka na hakuhusika kabisa kwa namna yoyote ile na uhalifu aliotuhumiwa kuutenda, hapo inakuwaje?

Hiyo wrongful conviction itakuwa overturned. Je, overturning ni sawa expungement au ni sawa na 'found not guilty'?

Au hilo ni suala ambalo mahakama/jaji/hakimu ataliangalia na kwa kutumia judicial discretion yake na kuamua inakuwaje?

 

[EMT]

Na je, kama mtu alikuwa wrongfully convicted kwa kosa la jinai (tuseme kubaka) halafu baadae ikaja kugundulika kwa kutumia nyenzo kama DNA kwamba hakubaka na hakuhusika kabisa kwa namna yoyote ile na uhalifu aliotuhumiwa kuutenda, hapo inakuwaje?

Hiyo wrongful conviction itakuwa overturned. Je, overturning ni sawa expungement au ni sawa na 'found not guilty'?

Au hilo ni suala ambalo mahakama/jaji/hakimu ataliangalia na kwa kutumia judicial discretion yake na kuamua inakuwaje?

The wrongful conviction will be quashed by a superior court. Hatakuwa expunged kwa sababu s/he should not have been convicted in the first place. Baadhi ya mifano kutoka Wrongful Convicted Database Index: Wrongful Conviction Database Index

Ibrahim Mwakalinga was wrongly convicted of committing incest against his daughter in December 1998 and sentenced to 30 years in prison. In August 2008 Tanzania's Court of Appeal unanimously overturned Mwakalinga's conviction on the basis of the daughter's unreliable identification under the conditions of the assault.

Hassan Mohamed Mtepeka was wrongly convicted in February 2004 of raping and murdering his 10-year-old daughter in April 2001. Tanzania's Court of Appeal quashed his conviction and death sentence in October 2006.

Seven co-defendants were wrongly convicted in 2003 of economic crimes and corrupt transactions, and sentenced to five years imprisonment each. The men were released in 2006 after three years imprisonment. In March 2007 the appeal of the seven co-defendant's was decided by the High Court in Dar es Salaam. The High Court acquitted all seven men, ruling that the trial court had erred by finding that the men were generally guilty, when the prosecution's circumstantial case was insufficient to establish the guilt of the men beyond a reasonable doubt.

Bakari Saidi was wrongly convicted in 1995 of murdering a man in 1993 along with a co-defendant who confessed to the crime and implicated Bakari Saidi as his accomplice. The co-defendant later recanted his statement that Saidi was involved, and claimed he was solely responsible. Saidi was sentenced to death. In May 2009 Tanzania's Court of Appeal quashed Saidi's conviction and ordered his release, ruling that the circumstantial evidence the trial judge relied on to find Saidi guity was not conclusive.

Adam Shabani was wrongly convicted in 2004 of statutory rape for having sex with an allegedly 17 year-old girl -- when the age of consent in Tanzania is 18. There was no claim by the prosecution that the young woman didn't consent. Adamu Shabani was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Shabani appealed, and in May 2007 the High Court in Dodoma quashed his conviction on the basis that the prosecution presented no proof whatsoever that the girl was under 18 -- and thus there was no proof he had committed the crime of statutory rape. He was released after three years of wrongful imprisonment.

THEN THERE IS THIS INTERESTING WRONGFUL CONVICTION OF THE "CARDIFF THREE" THAT HAPPENED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

"Yusef Abdullahi was a co-defendant of Tony Paris and Stephen Miller. The media dubbed the three men the Cardiff Three. Twenty-year-old prostitute Lynette White was murdered on February 14 -- Valentine's Day -- 1988, by being stabbed more than 50 times. Stephen Miller was the boyfriend and pimp of Ms. White. Miller was coerced into falsely confessing to the murder of Ms. White after 13 continuous hours of being shouted at and threatened by police interrogators. His false confession implicated his two co-defendants who were likewise innocent.

Once he confessed, the police stopped investigating promising leads that may have led to the killer. The three men were convicted in December 1990 and sentence to life in prison. The convictions of all three co-defendants were quashed by England's Court of Appeal in 1992 and they were released after 4 years in custody.

Six years after their release journalist Satish Sekar, who had aided in the release of the men, published a book about the case -- "Fitted In - The Cardiff Three and the Lynette White Inquiry." As a result of the information in the book Ms. White's murder case was re-opened in June 1999. In 2003 DNA testing of crime scene evidence identified Jeffrey Gafoor Ms White's murderer. Gafoor was one of Ms. White's clients. He pled guilty to her murder in 2003 and was sentenced to life in prison.

In December 2008 three witnesses who gave false evidence at the trial of the Cardiff Three were jailed for 18 months after pleading guilty to perjury. In March 2009, two more witnesses at the trial were charged with perjury, and 13 police officers involved in the original investigation of the murder were charged with perverting the course of justice for their actions that amounted to framing the three innocent men for the crime.

It was disclosed during the corruption trial of eight police officers involved in the investigation of White's death in 1988 that Miller was paid £571,000 in compensation. The eight former police officers were on trial charged with conspiring to pervert the course of justice. Yusef Abdullahi died in January 2011 from a "burst ulcer.""

Source: Wrongly Convicted Database