McLaren
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 19, 2025
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Mahakama ya Juu ya Marekani imefuta ushuru mkubwa uliowekwa na Rais wa zamani wa Marekani, Donald Trump, kwa kutumia sheria inayotumika wakati wa dharura za kitaifa.
Katika uamuzi wa majaji sita dhidi ya watatu, ulioandikwa na Jaji Mkuu John Roberts, mahakama ilisema kuwa Trump alizidisha mamlaka yake kwa kutumia sheria ya mwaka 1977 iitwayo International Emergency Economic Powers Act kuweka ushuru huo.
Trump alidai kuwa sheria hiyo inampa rais uwezo wa kuweka ushuru kwa sababu ya dharura ya kitaifa. Lakini Mahakama ilisema tafsiri hiyo inaingilia mamlaka ya Bunge, ambalo ndilo lenye jukumu la kuamua masuala ya ushuru.
Mahakama pia ilitumia kanuni inayoitwa “major questions doctrine”, inayosema kuwa maamuzi makubwa yenye athari kubwa kiuchumi na kisiasa lazima yaidhinishwe wazi na Bunge. Hivyo, rais hawezi kuchukua uamuzi mkubwa kama huo bila ruhusa ya moja kwa moja kutoka kwa wabunge.
Kwa kifupi, Mahakama ilisema rais lazima aonyeshe kuwa amepewa ruhusa ya wazi na Bunge kabla ya kuweka ushuru mkubwa kama huo, jambo ambalo Trump hakufanya.
Ushuru huo ulikuwa sehemu ya vita ya kibiashara kati ya Marekani na baadhi ya mataifa, jambo lililoathiri uchumi wa dunia na masoko ya fedha. Uamuzi huu sasa una athari kubwa kwa sera za biashara na uchumi wa Marekani
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The court ruled that the Trump administration’s interpretation that the law at issue, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which he claims grants him the power to impose tariffs, would intrude on the powers of Congress and violate a legal principle called the “major questions ” doctrine.
The doctrine, embraced by the conservative justices, requires actions by the government’s executive branch of “vast economic and political significance” to be clearly authorised by Congress. The court used the doctrine to stymie some of Democratic former President Joe Biden’s key executive actions.
The White House had no immediate comment on the ruling. Democrats and various industry groups hailed the ruling.
Roberts, citing a prior Supreme Court ruling, wrote that “the president must ‘point to clear congressional authorisation’ to justify his extraordinary assertion of the power to impose tariffs,” adding: “He cannot.”
Trump has leveraged tariffs – taxes on imported goods – as a key economic and foreign policy tool. They have been central to a global trade war that Trump initiated after he began his second term as president, one that has alienated trading partners, affected financial markets and caused global economic uncertainty.
Source: Reuters
Katika uamuzi wa majaji sita dhidi ya watatu, ulioandikwa na Jaji Mkuu John Roberts, mahakama ilisema kuwa Trump alizidisha mamlaka yake kwa kutumia sheria ya mwaka 1977 iitwayo International Emergency Economic Powers Act kuweka ushuru huo.
Trump alidai kuwa sheria hiyo inampa rais uwezo wa kuweka ushuru kwa sababu ya dharura ya kitaifa. Lakini Mahakama ilisema tafsiri hiyo inaingilia mamlaka ya Bunge, ambalo ndilo lenye jukumu la kuamua masuala ya ushuru.
Mahakama pia ilitumia kanuni inayoitwa “major questions doctrine”, inayosema kuwa maamuzi makubwa yenye athari kubwa kiuchumi na kisiasa lazima yaidhinishwe wazi na Bunge. Hivyo, rais hawezi kuchukua uamuzi mkubwa kama huo bila ruhusa ya moja kwa moja kutoka kwa wabunge.
Kwa kifupi, Mahakama ilisema rais lazima aonyeshe kuwa amepewa ruhusa ya wazi na Bunge kabla ya kuweka ushuru mkubwa kama huo, jambo ambalo Trump hakufanya.
Ushuru huo ulikuwa sehemu ya vita ya kibiashara kati ya Marekani na baadhi ya mataifa, jambo lililoathiri uchumi wa dunia na masoko ya fedha. Uamuzi huu sasa una athari kubwa kwa sera za biashara na uchumi wa Marekani
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The court ruled that the Trump administration’s interpretation that the law at issue, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which he claims grants him the power to impose tariffs, would intrude on the powers of Congress and violate a legal principle called the “major questions ” doctrine.
The doctrine, embraced by the conservative justices, requires actions by the government’s executive branch of “vast economic and political significance” to be clearly authorised by Congress. The court used the doctrine to stymie some of Democratic former President Joe Biden’s key executive actions.
The White House had no immediate comment on the ruling. Democrats and various industry groups hailed the ruling.
Roberts, citing a prior Supreme Court ruling, wrote that “the president must ‘point to clear congressional authorisation’ to justify his extraordinary assertion of the power to impose tariffs,” adding: “He cannot.”
Trump has leveraged tariffs – taxes on imported goods – as a key economic and foreign policy tool. They have been central to a global trade war that Trump initiated after he began his second term as president, one that has alienated trading partners, affected financial markets and caused global economic uncertainty.
Source: Reuters
