nakubaliana na wewe, kwani CELTEL (ZEIN) ilianzishwa ndani ya TTCL na ni hawa hawa walikuwa wanaihujumu TTCL walipokuwa wanataka kuanzisha huduma ya simu za mkononi, Hawa watu wanachokisema na kilicho moyoni ni tofauti kabisa
The Mo Ibrahim Prize: Robbing Peter to pay Paul
Issa G Shivji
2007-11-01, Issue 326
http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/44153
There are 8 comments on this article.
Mo Ibrahims prize for a retired African president which was awarded to Joachim Chissano of Mozambique was in my view an insult to the African people. Issa Shivji raises a number of questions around the award such as how and what is good governance and why is it only applied to Africa? And most importantly for which and whose democracy they are getting a prize.
Punishment is to deter; often to take revenge. Reward is to encourage. Rewards can also be a recognition for outstanding, usually, individual achievements. Which acts are liable to punishment and which are rewarded depends on the dominant values of society. These can differ from society to society and from time to time within same society. Issues of democracy and dictatorship, of war and peace, of governance and state administration, do not fall within the realm of a system of punishment and rewards.
Of course, victorious powers recognise their war heroes and vanquished bury their martyrs with honour. But then heroes of the victor are mercenaries for the vanquished and the martyrs of the vanquished may be terrorists for the victor. In other words, the issues of war and peace are contentious issues and can only be understood in their historical and social context. And so are the issues of democracy and dictatorship. Therefore, it is naïve, if not mischievous, to award a person moreover with a cash prize for bringing peace or democracy to his country.
It is even worse to cite good governance as an achievement for awarding an individual president of a country. What is good governance? Who determines what is good and bad governance? What yardsticks are applied? And why are these yardsticks applied only to Africa? Why doesnt any one award a Norwegian prime minister for good governance or include good governance conditionality to lend Mr. Bush assistance or fund Martin Athissari to advise Bush on good governance? (Remember Martin Athissari, funded by the World Bank, came to Tanzania to advise President Mkapa on good governance.)
The point about these rhetorical questions should be obvious. Mo Ibrahims prize for a retired African president which was awarded to Joachim Chissano of Mozambique was in my view an insult to the African people. First, it is belittling African people. Dictators and undemocratic rulers exist all over the world, including the West which has arrogated to itself the right to judge others as good man or punish them for being dictators (Saddam Hussein).
Despots and dictators are not a monopoly of Africa. African people, like other people elsewhere, have always struggled against them. If they have attained some success in these struggles, it is their collective achievement. Their success is not due to particular qualities of any single leader. Good leaders are as much a product of our societies as are the bad ones. It is for the people to decide who is a good or a bad leader and how to award a good one and punish a bad one. I certainly cannot imagine Mozambicans (or any African people for that matter) awarding a 5-million dollar prize to Mr. Chissano. First because Chissanos goodness itself is, I am sure, a contentious issue in Mozambique. Secondly, Mozambican people, if at all, would have awarded their leader by including him in a list of honour or putting his picture on a postal stamp. And if they had 5 million dollars to spare, they would have probably built secondary schools to produce future good leaders rather than give it away to Chissano to live a better life and invest in business (which is what Chissano said in a BBC interview he would use the money for.)
The worst disappointment in the prize saga has been its uncritical and unqualified celebration by scribes and even academics and intellectuals. Since this prize to a retired president was for stepping down from power or good governance or bringing democracy and peace to his country, it was expected that analysts would go beyond the superficial and the obvious to a deeper understanding and explanation of issues of war and peace and democracy and dictatorships in Africa. Before we celebrate, we must understand what it is that we are celebrating. Before we applaud this prize to Chissano we must understand the history, politics and forces which underpinned war and peace in Mozambique.
The people of Africa have been involved in a long struggle against war and for peace and democracy and the struggle continues. In this struggle, they are pitted against not only their own immediate rulers but also against the erstwhile colonial and imperialist powers supporting them. Our dictators were not simply made in Kinshasa (Mobutu) or Central African Republic (Bokassa) or Entebbe (Idi Amin) but also in Washington or Paris or London and Tel Aviv. The vicious war in Mozambique was not simply waged by RENAMO but fully supported and instigated by apartheid South Africa backed by the US and western powers. Apartheid South Africa also claimed the life of the liberation leader Samora Machel and his leading comrades.
Chissano took over from Samora and under the tutelage of Washington steered the neo-liberal course. It is under this new direction that the former freedom fighters like Chissanos family and Gebuza and others (with some honourable exceptions) began accumulating wealth and became businessmen. Chissanos son Nyimpine, a businessman, was implicated in the murder of a journalist Carlos Cardoso who was investigating the fraudulent disappearance of 14 million dollars from the Commercial Bank of Mozambique in 1996. The story of wealth accumulation by political leaders in Mozambique is not that different from what we have been witnessing and debating in Tanzania. It is even on a larger scale. In Tanzania Mwalimus ghost has had greater restraining power on vultures of wealth than Samoras in Mozambique.
As with economics, so with politics. The opening up of space after one-party authoritarianism did not just come about on a silver platter. People in Tanzania, Mozambique and the rest of Africa struggled for it. But as usual the rulers and their imperialist backers pre-empted the struggle for real democracy by imposing their own truncated version of neo-liberal democracy
So, when our leaders receive prizes for their democratic achievements we should ask ourselves for which and whose democracy they are getting a prize. Are they getting the prize for a neo-liberal democracy under which the World Bank and development partners (read: developed predators!) impose privatization of national assets and resources; under which their diplomats pressurize our ministers and governments to sign utterly one-sided contracts with the likes of golden sharks; under which the parliament is literally ordered to pass laws which have been drafted by their consultants like the Mining Act, under which our political leaders in a free-for-all pandemonium overnight become wajasiria mali and bankers and big miners? Is this the democracy for which the peasants, workers, youth, and wamachinga fought? In short, before celebrating let us ask ourselves what are we celebrating and whose music we are dancing to.
Without such critical understanding, I am afraid, we can end up celebrating and legitimizing the shaming and ridiculing of the democratic struggles and achievements of our people.
Mr. Mo Ibrahim: you have made millions of dollars from the sweat and blood of the African people. If you want to return a few million to the people, build schools, dispensaries, and water wells in the south of your own country rather than giving them to Chisasanos of this world. Do not add insult to injury by robbing (poor) Peter to pay (rich) Paul.
© Issa Shivji.
* This article was first published in THE CITIZEN (Tanzania) in Saturday Palaver and is reproduced here with the kind permission of the author.
* Issa Shivji is one of Africas most radical and original thinkers and has written frequently for Pambazuka News. He is the author of several books, including the seminal Concept of Human Rights in Africa (1989) and, more recently, Let the People Speak: Tanzania down the road to neoliberalism (2006).
* Please send comments to
editor@pambazuka.org or comment online at
www.pambazuka.org
Readers' Comments
Let your voice be heard.
Comment on this article.
I think Mr. Mo is a great man doing all this single handedly, maybe it is neccessery to say here that there are a lot of students sponcered by Mr. Mo in expencive university pursuing postgraduate studies. Qusestioning what is good governence is a worldwide academic issue and is an interesting question in this article, however what i want to say is that this have nothing to do with the good will of the rich man who created the only forum to look at the good side of Arican leaders. A pardigme shift from investing in critism to investing in appreciation.
Bisrat Girma, Graduate Student at AUC
If Mr. Mo really wanted to help Africa afford good governance, he'd have invested in education for there are so many needy and intelligent students that do not afford to go to college for they lack funds.
I think he's just paying his way so that he will end up lobbying for future deals in the areas that his corporation or family plans to invest. This prize has nothing to do with good governance but a strategic need to create some unshakable alliances and power circles.
Bata
Correct me if Im wrong!
I heard even Mr Mkapa (Tanzania ex-President) was one of nominees of the award!
Right now, Mr Mkapa is a hate figure in Tanzania politics among normal people [poor people] for a simple reason that he[Mkapa] was assumed to be Mr Clean [a name branded by Mwl Nyerere] but he did mess a lot of things while he was in State House contrary to the name given to him [Mr Clean].
Among other things, Mr Mkapa bought Kiwira coal mining for a cut down price while poor people he led continue to be poorer.
Some urged that the present soaring cost of electricity in the country, among other things, is contributed by this dirty business!
If its true, Mr Mkapa was one of nominees, then the whole process regarding this award underpins serious flaws anyone to see except the panel of the selectors.
Mzee Wauyagauyaga
Free Africa
I think this article raises several interesting points. While the gesture by Mo is noble, I believe it is the target beneficiary that is wrong. Honestly, do Chissano, Kikwete or Mugabe need to be given such millions when they are rich already. Why not say that sum goes to a project selected by the 'good president' than give it to him? If it was Mandela it could go to his charity projects. My point then is the money must go to projects selected by the former president and not individuals' pockets. They are too rich already to be given more.
Phithizela Ngcobo, MA Publishing student
Dear Readers,
In my view I think we have unfortunately placed undue emphasis on the wrong issue. The commentary by Issa Shivji was based on a critique of the idea itself and the parameters used for selecting a winner, not any personality as such.
Basically, I think its time we address real African problems, and stop chasing shadows. We often complain about the West meddling in our affairs in Africa, but at the same time we rely on western paradigms and yardstick in order to validate ourselves. In critical terms, good governance is nothing more than an IMF-World Bank imposition as a means of implemeting and safeguarding an adjustment package that wrecked most African economies. We must remember that most of the adjustment package in sub-Saharan Africa was implemented under military dictatorships and one-party states. Is this good governance?
Why should we accept these standards anyway? Who asseses Mr. Bush, Brown, Sarkozy or Angela Merkel for good governance? Who sets the standards? Definitely, its not Africans, but the citizen of these countries. So lets judge our leaders, if we must, based on our own criteria- on how much impact they have been able to make on the lives of ordinary people and what development agenda they have initiated. To do these we do not need any external yardstick.
The same thing goes for democracy. Whose democracy? What democracy? Can we safely conclude that the Chissano era in Mozambique was characterised by political inclusion? As we speak today, there are many poor people in Africa, who cannot even afford the basic things of life, even in Mozambique. Rather than enriching past presidents the more, Mr. Mo's goodwill can be extended to these people. Definitely such people exist even in his own country. We should stop insulting the sensibilities of Africans by tooing the imperialist line always.
I totally agree with Issa Shijvi: "let us ask ourselves what are we celebrating and whose music we are dancing to".
Godwin Onuoha, GSAA, Martin Luther University, Germany.
If a rich African say in Rwanda or Zimbabwe were to set up a Foundation and award prizes strictly to leaders of the North on Good Governance, will they accept it?
Trainers and Allied Workers Union
has it been president Benjamin Mkapa who got the award, would he (Prof Shivji) be in position to comment all these critics or because its Chisano who got it????
I would appreciate if he could comment on the weaknesses of those who were not selected!!!!
Stanley Ganzel- Radio Tanzania Dar es salaam
SOME COMMENTS ABOUT YOUR ARTICLES. DEAR SIRS, I AGREE WITH YOU IN SOME POINTS THAT YOU MENTIONS HERE. IS IMPORTANT TO BUILD NEWS SCHOOLS, WATER WELLS, HOSPITALS AND OTHERS MAIN INFRASTRUTURE TO AFRICAN PEOPLE END SPECIFFICALLY TO MOZAMBICANS. I HAVE BEEN VERY CRITICAL TO WAY WE OR THE CONCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT HAVE BEEM APLLIED TO AFRICA AND MOZAMBICAN, BECOUSE WHAT I HAVE SEEN, IS SOME PEOPLE USUALLY RELATED TO POWER BECAME RICHES AND OTHERS MORE POORS. I AGREE WITH YOU THAT THE CRITERIOUS TO DEFINE GOOD GOVERNANCE IS NOT ALL CORRECT
I DO NOT AGREE WITH YOU ON THREE SEVERAL POINTS:
a)THE PRIZE WAS NOT GIVEN TO CHISSANO, BECAUSE HE IS OR WAS A GOOD FATHER. THE ATITUDS OF YOUR SON COULD NOT BE MAIN POINT TO EVALUTION THE CHISSANO'S GOVERNANCE.YOU HAVE TO LOOK TO PEACE, DEMOCRACY. I KNOW THAT WE HAVE BIG PROBLEMS,BUT THE OPPURTUNITY TO LIVE FREE WITHOUT WAR AND CHANCE TO FIGTH TO YOUR SURVIVER IS BETTER THAN DO NOT HAVE ANY OPORTUNITY
c)
b)THE PRIZE IS SPECIFICALLY TO AFRICANS LEADERS, ITS MEANS SPECIFICALLY CONTEXT OF AFRICA. THE EUROPEAN LEADERS HAVE THEY ELEMENTS TO EVALUTIONS AND COMPESATIONS.
c)ITS LOOK LIKE YOU DO NOT SEE NOTHING TO GIVE TO CHISSANO THE PRIZE. JUST SOMEONE WHO NEVER DO NOTHING IS WHO NEVER IS WRONG. CHISSANO HAS ANY OTHERS MEN TOOK BAD DICISIONS, BUT WE HAVE MANY GOOD THINGS THAT COMES FROM CHISSANO'S TIME.
BRAZAO CATOPOLA