A 2009 review study found that stevioside and related compounds may have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and immunomodulatory actions. A 2011 review found that the use of stevia sweeteners as replacements for sugar would likely benefit diabetic patients. Furthermore, the report noted "stevioside has shown some evidence of pharmacological effects in patients with hypertension or with diabetes mellitus type 2," but concluded further study was required to determine proper dosage.