OSLO, Norway - President Barack Obama won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize on Friday in a stunning decision designed to encourage his initiatives to reduce nuclear arms, ease tensions with the Muslim world and stress diplomacy and cooperation rather than unilateralism.
Nobel observers were shocked by the unexpected choice so early in the Obama presidency, which began less than two weeks before the Feb. 1 nomination deadline.
White House press secretary Robert Gibbs said Obama woke up to the news a little before 6 a.m. EDT. The White House had no immediate comment on the announcement, which took the administration by surprise.
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The Norwegian Nobel Committee decided not to inform Obama before the announcement because it didn't want to wake him up, committee chairman Thorbjoern Jagland said.
"Waking up a president in the middle of the night, this isn't really something you do," Jagland said.
Later, Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said he had had a conversation with Obama and that the president will travel to Oslo to collect the saward, due to be handed out on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of the award's founder, Alfred Nobel.
"Obama said he looked forward to coming to Oslo to receive the prize," a statement from Stoltenberg's office said after the prime minister phoned Obama to congratulate him.
The Nobel Committee lauded the change in global mood wrought by Obama's calls for peace and cooperation but recognized initiatives that have yet to bear fruit: reducing the world stock of nuclear arms, easing American conflicts with Muslim nations and strengthening the U.S. role in combating climate change.
'World's attention'
"Only very rarely has a person to the same extent as Obama captured the world's attention and given its people hope for a better future," Jagland said.
Obama's election and foreign policy moves caused a dramatic improvement in the image of the U.S. around the world. A 25-nation poll of 27,000 people released in July by the Pew Global Attitudes Project found double-digit boosts to the percentage of people viewing the U.S. favorably in countries around the world. That indicator had plunged across the world under President George W. Bush.
Still, the U.S. remains at war in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. Congress has yet to pass a law reducing carbon emissions and there has been little significant reduction in global nuclear stockpiles since Obama took office.
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"So soon? Too early. He has no contribution so far. He is still at an early stage. He is only beginning to act," said former Polish President Lech Walesa, a 1983 Nobel Peace laureate.
"This is probably an encouragement for him to act. Let's see if he perseveres. Let's give him time to act," Walesa said.
Slap at Bush?
The award appeared to be a slap at Bush from a committee that harshly criticized Obama's predecessor for his largely unilateral military action in the wake of the Sept. 11 terror attacks. The Nobel committee praised Obama's creation of "a new climate in international politics" and said he had returned multilateral diplomacy and institutions like the U.N. to the center of the world stage.
"You have to remember that the world has been in a pretty dangerous phase," Jagland said. "And anybody who can contribute to getting the world out of this situation deserves a Nobel Peace Prize."
Unlike the other Nobel Prizes, which are awarded by Swedish institutions, the peace prize is given out by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament. Like the Parliament, the committee has a leftist slant, with three members elected by left-of-center parties. Jagland said the decision to honor Obama was unanimous.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa, who won the prize in 1984, said Obama's award shows great things are expected from him in coming years.
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"It is an award that speaks to the promise of President Obama's message of hope," Tutu said.
Meanwhile, Obama's chief strategist, David Axelrod, told NBC News that the president had not sought the award. "Presidents work hard to bring some issues to the fore internationally and point the world in the direction of solving some very big problems," he said. "I think this is a recognition of that."
Speculation elsewhere
Until seconds before the award, speculation had focused on a wide variety of candidates besides Obama: Zimbabwe's Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, a Colombian senator, a Chinese dissident and an Afghan woman's rights activist, among others. The Nobel committee received a record 205 nominations for this year's prize, though it was not immediately apparent who nominated Obama.
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"The exciting and important thing about this prize is that it's given to someone ... who has the power to contribute to peace," Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said.
fact file Hot spots
Introduction
President Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize for giving the world "hope for a better future" with his work for peace and calls to reduce the global stockpile of nuclear weapons.
Obama, the first black U.S. president, took office in January, succeeding George W. Bush. He inherited two wars and many international trouble spots. He promised to improve America's standing in the world with a more cooperative spirit. Here is the state of play of some of those trouble spots:
Afghanistan
Obama inherited a war in Afghanistan that was launched after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the U.S. The aim was to root out al-Qaida and topple Taliban rulers who harbored the group. Obama has said it is a necessary war to ensure U.S. security. Violence in Afghanistan has recently reached levels not seen since the start of the war and Obama ordered an increase of 21,000 troops in March. He is currently reviewing strategy and deciding whether to boost the number of U.S. troops even further. The top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, General Stanley McChrystal, has called for some 40,000 more U.S. troops, which would add to the 65,000 currently there.
Iraq
Obama inherited an unpopular war in Iraq launched by Bush in 2003 that toppled Saddam Hussein. Obama has set a deadline of August 2010 for the removal of U.S. combat forces and all American troops are to be pulled out by the end of 2011.
Iran
Obama said during his election campaign that he would try to talk to leaders of countries viewed by the U.S. as troublesome, such as Iran. So far, Iran has rebuffed his overtures. On the key sticking point -- the West's suspicion that Iran is developing nuclear weapons -- Obama sent a U.S. representative to talks last month between Iran and other world powers. Obama has sought to build consensus on how to put pressure on Iran, in particular since the revelation of a second Iranian uranium enrichment site. He has said he wants to deal with the issue through peaceful means but has not ruled out military action as a last option.
North Korea
Obama's effort to engage North Korea has made little progress, with Pyongyang still defiant on its nuclear program. Obama in a speech to the U.N. General Assembly said he was committed to diplomacy with Iran and North Korea but both countries must be held accountable if they chose to pursue nuclear weapons. Obama has pressed Pyongyang to return to suspended six-party talks on dismantling its nuclear program. North Korea's release of two U.S. journalists to former President Bill Clinton could signal a diplomatic opening.
Muslims and the Middle East
Obama pledged to make reviving the Middle East peace process a priority. In a speech in Cairo in May, he sought to mend ties with Muslims angered by Bush policies. Like many of his predecessors, he appointed a Middle East special envoy and has met with the key regional players. But there has been no measurable progress in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In his speech to the U.N. General Assembly, Obama bluntly said that Israelis and Palestinians should relaunch negotiations on the most intractable issues.
Guantanamo
Obama pledged days after taking office to close the prison camp for foreign terrorism suspects by January 2010. But administration officials have said this goal may not be met because of problems finding places to send or house the prisoners. Some critics of the prison, opened by Bush in 2002 and long criticized for denying inmates due process, were dismayed when Obama said earlier this year that some Guantanamo prisoners may be kept in detention indefinitely.
Source: Reuters
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Obama is the third sitting U.S. president to win the award: President Theodore Roosevelt won in 1906 and President Woodrow Wilson was awarded the prize in 1919.
Wilson received the prize for his role in founding the League of Nations, the hopeful but ultimately failed precursor to the contemporary United Nations.
The Nobel committee chairman said after awarding the 2002 prize to former Democratic President Jimmy Carter, for his mediation in international conflicts, that it should be seen as a "kick in the leg" to the Bush administration's hard line in the buildup to the Iraq war.
Five years later, the committee honored Bush's adversary in the 2000 presidential election, Al Gore, for his campaign to raise awareness about global warming. More and Video Press this link here
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