Mao ZedongPeople's Republic of China 1949–1976 Chairman of the PRC (1949–1959), Chairman of the Communist Party of China (1945–1976), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (1936–1976). Immense cult of personality; purged members of government; silenced opposition. Circumvented Communist Party hierarchy after the 1966Cultural Revolution; imprisoned head of state Liu Shaoqi. Millions of Chinese citizens killed or murdered as a result of his policies and repression. Militant atheist.
Ho Chi MinhNorth Vietnam 1945–1969 Unelected; killed thousands of political rivals in the 1940s; killed tens of thousands more during the land reforms of the 1950s; presided over a one-party state.