Biashara ya Kutoa Mikopo (Microfinance): Hatua, Taratibu za Kufuata na Ushauri wa Uendeshaji

Biashara ya Kutoa Mikopo (Microfinance): Hatua, Taratibu za Kufuata na Ushauri wa Uendeshaji

Hii ndio ile, biashara ya kuja kunyang'anyana mafriji na TV!
 
Don Clericuzio said:
Afrolink-Tz Consult Ltd kama hutajali, ninaomba ufafanuzi kidogo kwenye tofauti ya Microfinance na Microfinance Bank.

Najua zote ziko chini ya BOT, ningependa pia kujua mtaji kiasi gani unahitajika kwa kila moja.

Shukrani.
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A: Napenda tuangalie kwanza ‘terms’ hizi za ‘Microfinance, Microfinance company vs Microfinance bank’ ili kupata maana sahihi ambazo zitatusaidia kuelewa vema pia suala la Microcredit. Kwa mujibu wa Sera Ya Taifa Ya Huduma Ndogo Za Fedha Ya Mwaka 2017, Ie National Microfinance Act 2017 Tanzania:
  • “Microfinance” means the provision of financial services including micro saving, microloan, micro insurance, micro leasing, micro housing micro pensions, money transfers, financial education and business development to the low-income population (individual, household, enterprises) who are systematically excluded from the financial system.
  • “Microfinance Bank” means banking institution licensed by the Bank of Tanzania to undertake banking business mainly with individuals, groups, micro and small enterprises of low-income population in the rural or urban area.
  • “Microfinance Company” means a financial institution incorporated as a company limited by shares formed to undertake ranges of microfinance products and services except banking business primarily with microfinance Clients as defined.
  • “Microfinance Product and Service” means financial services such as micro savings, micro loans, micro insurance, micro housing, micro leasing, money transfers and other financial related services to microfinance clients.
  • “Microfinance Client” means individual, group or enterprise who accesses and uses products and services from the microfinance services providers.
  • “Microfinance Institution” means entity specialized in provision of microfinance product and service to microfinance clients as defined.
  • “Micro Leasing” means all the finance leasing operations with the following characteristics (i) where the average value of the asset in the portfolio is up to ten million Tanzanian shillings (ii) where the leasing term does not exceed 24 months.
  • “Micro Loans” means provision of small loans to low-income population, financially underserved customers, or as determined by the regulator.
Maelezo hayo ni kwa mujibu wa Sera Ya Taifa Ya Huduma Ndogo Za Fedha Ya Mwaka 2017 Tanzania, Chapisho la Oktoba, 2017 kurasa xi hadi xiii.
B: Mtaji unatofautiana katika hizi aina mbili ambapo kwa mujibu wa “Banking and Financial Act 1991, Suppliment no. 12, published on 25/03/2015 pg 152”, inaweka wazi kwa Microfinance Company kama ina matawi kwa Tanzania nzima basi mtaji wake uwe walau milioni 800TZS, na kama haina matawi basi mtaji uwe walau kuanzia mil 200TZS.
Naambatanisha Banking and Financial Act 1991 na sera ya Taifa ya Huduma ndogo za Fedha ya mwaka 2017 kuweza kusoma mambo mengi Zaidi yenye manufaa
 

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Afrolink-Tz Consult Ltd said:
A: Napenda tuangalie kwanza ‘terms’ hizi za ‘Microfinance, Microfinance company vs Microfinance bank’ ili kupata maana sahihi ambazo zitatusaidia kuelewa vema pia suala la Microcredit. Kwa mujibu wa Sera Ya Taifa Ya Huduma Ndogo Za Fedha Ya Mwaka 2017, Ie National Microfinance Act 2017 Tanzania:
  • “Microfinance” means the provision of financial services including micro saving, microloan, micro insurance, micro leasing, micro housing micro pensions, money transfers, financial education and business development to the low-income population (individual, household, enterprises) who are systematically excluded from the financial system.

  • “Microfinance Bank” means banking institution licensed by the Bank of Tanzania to undertake banking business mainly with individuals, groups, micro and small enterprises of low-income population in the rural or urban area.

  • “Microfinance Company” means a financial institution incorporated as a company limited by shares formed to undertake ranges of microfinance products and services except banking business primarily with microfinance Clients as defined.

  • “Microfinance Product and Service” means financial services such as micro savings, micro loans, micro insurance, micro housing, micro leasing, money transfers and other financial related services to microfinance clients.

  • “Microfinance Client” means individual, group or enterprise who accesses and uses products and services from the microfinance services providers.

  • “Microfinance Institution” means entity specialized in provision of microfinance product and service to microfinance clients as defined.

  • “Micro Leasing” means all the finance leasing operations with the following characteristics (i) where the average value of the asset in the portfolio is up to ten million Tanzanian shillings (ii) where the leasing term does not exceed 24 months.

  • “Micro Loans” means provision of small loans to low-income population, financially underserved customers, or as determined by the regulator.
Maelezo hayo ni kwa mujibu wa Sera Ya Taifa Ya Huduma Ndogo Za Fedha Ya Mwaka 2017 Tanzania, Chapisho la Oktoba, 2017 kurasa xi hadi xiii.
B: Mtaji unatofautiana katika hizi aina mbili ambapo kwa mujibu wa “Banking and Financial Act 1991, Suppliment no. 12, published on 25/03/2015 pg 152”, inaweka wazi kwa Microfinance Company kama ina matawi kwa Tanzania nzima basi mtaji wake uwe walau milioni 800TZS, na kama haina matawi basi mtaji uwe walau kuanzia mil 200TZS.
Naambatanisha Banking and Financial Act 1991 na sera ya Taifa ya Huduma ndogo za Fedha ya mwaka 2017 kuweza kusoma mambo mengi Zaidi yenye manufaa
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Shukrani sana mkuu, hapo umenielewesha vizuri.

Nilikuwa napata kigugumizi kwenye Microfinance Bank.

Sijapitia hizo acts perse, ila kuna kitu nitaomba mwongozo.

Between fully fledged bank and microfinance bank; is there any transactional threshold between micro and macro?
 
Don Clericuzio said:
Shukrani sana mkuu, hapo umenielewesha vizuri.

Nilikuwa napata kigugumizi kwenye Microfinance Bank.

Sijapitia hizo acts perse, ila kuna kitu nitaomba mwongozo.

Between fully fledged bank and microfinance bank; is there any transactional threshold between micro and macro?
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Ndiyo zipo. Soma ukurasa kuanzia 152 wa banking and financial institution act 1991, utaona hadi tofauti na mipaka ya microcredit, microfinance bank na bank kamili kiutendaji na uwajibikaji
 
Afrolink-Tz Consult Ltd said:
Habari wanajukwaa

Watu wengi wamekuwa wanauliza juu ya suala hili wengine ikiwa hapa jukwaani na wengine kwa kuja PM. Naona vema kuweka wazi suala hili katika jukwaa letu maarufu la Biashara, Uchumi na Ujasiriamali.

Mwongozo huu unaweka bayana juu ya kusajili kampuni ya kutoa Mikopo binafsi na upatikanaji wa leseni yake (Application conditions for Microcredit business license)

Utangulizi

Microcredit company ni kampuni inayojihusisha na kutoa MIKOPO TU kwa mtaji binafsi iliyonayo na hairuhusiwi kuweka pesa za mtu hii itambulike hivyo.
Ukitaka masuala ya kuweka na kutoa pesa huko ni Microfinance.

Leseni ya biashara hii inatolewa Wizara ya Viwanda, Biashara na Uwekezaji, ofisi za BRELA Ghorofa ya 5, jengo la ushirika, brbr ya Lumumba, Mnazi mmoja, Dar es Salaam.

Mambo muhimu yanayotakiwa ni

1. Usajili - BRELA
Hapa ni kusajili kampuni au partners inategemea mmejipanga vipi na hufanyika BRELA. Mtaji lazima uwe mkubwa, jitahidi uwe japo 50mil+ japo nashauri uwe mkubwa (mfano x00mil) zaidi kwani biashara hii inaweza kukua hadi ukahitaji kuanza huduma za kutoa na kuweka pesa (microfinance)
Hakikisha MEMAT au Partnership deed yenu isiwe yenye mlengo (Objective) wa biashara yoyote inayosimamiwa na Benki Kuu

2. TIN-TRA
Sajili TIN ya kampuni TRA, pata TAX CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE ambayo utaandika inaenda Wizara ya Viwanda, Biashara na Uwekezaji

3. Sera ya ukopeshaji (lending policy and procedure Manual)
Uwe na hii sera ya ukopeshaji ambayo itatoa mwongozo wa riba, taratibu, kanuni nk

4. CV za wanahisa
Wanahisa/wakurugenzi/wahasibu wawe na CV na vyeti kuonyesha uzoefu wao ktk tasnia ya fedha

5. Taarifa za kifedha
Walau taarifa za fedha (bank statements) zao wanahisa au kampuni walau kwa miezi mitatu

6. Uthibitisho wa uraia
Kopi za vitambulisho vya Taifa vilivyothibitishwa

7. Mkataba wa Pango
Uwe umethibitishwa kisheria na vilivile umelipiwa kodi ya stempu TRA

8. Nyaraka zote zibanwe kama kitabu

Wazoefu na wajuzi zaidi wanaweza kuongezea zaidi. Karibuni kwa mjadala

Kwa huduma hizi unaweza kumtumia Consultant alie jirani yako au ukatucheki kwa email: consultafrolinktz@gmail.com na mobile/whatsapp: 0659211222/0777777766
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Asante.

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laki si pesa. said:
Ndio maana utoaji leseni unaendana na kiwango cha mtaji wako ulionao. Mfano mimi mtaji wangu ni elfu ishirini nitaenda kuchukua leseni manispaa kwa sababu biashara yangu ni ndogo, wenye mitaji mikubwa hiyo milioni 500+ ndio wanaenda huko wizarani kuchukua leseni. Consultant nyie ndio kikwazo kikubwa cha watu kusajili kampuni, mkiombwa ushauri jinsi ya kufungua kampuni mnaorodhesha vitu vingi mara sijui Memorandum, mara Tax Clearance, Mara Board of Directors mpaka watu wanakata tamaaa. Ina maana mimi na mke wangu tumeishia darasa la saba wote hatuwezi kufungua kampuni?
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Acha kurahisisha mkuu, leseni ya biashara ya kukopesha inaangukia katika daraja A- ambayo inatolewa na wizara-mtaji wako hauhusiki hapo whether mkubwa au mdogo.

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Mdogo ake the BOLD said:
Saccos hazisimamiwi na BOT na wala hazina leseni Ila zinaongozwa na katiba

K vant
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SACCOS zinasajiliwa chini ya sheria ya ushirika na utendaji wake haukua unasimamiwa na BOT zaid ya MRAJIS wa ushirika ..ujio wa sheria mpya ya microfinance ndo unawapa BOT nguvu ya kusimamima utendaji kazi wa hizo SACCOS kama mabenki ( nadhan sheria bado inasubiria kanuni ianze kufanya kazi)

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VeroEretico said:
Mkuu kwani razima niambatanishe CV ya mtu aliye soma mambo ya fedha/uhasibu kama mm nikiwa nimesoma fani nyingine ila kwenye fani yangu nimesoma kozi nyigi za economic(macro and micro economics), production economic, entrepreneurship and so on siruhusiwe kupeleka CV yangu ili nipate kibali cha kampuni.pia nikiwa na mtaji Mdogo razima niajiri mfanyakazi? Kwani siwezi kufanya mm kama sole propretorship company
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Sidhani! Mwenye elimu (level) yoyote ile anaweza kisajili kampuni na akapata kibali...siyo lazima uwe umesoma uhasibu au mambo ya fedha. Ili mradi una unekidhi vigezo, unasajiliwa, sidhani kama kuna kigezo cha elimu. Mkuu Afrolink-Tz Consult Ltd amejibu "generally", nadhani kwa kuwa swali lako lilikuwa na maelezo mengi.
 
Thebroker said:
SACCOS zinasajiliwa chini ya sheria ya ushirika na utendaji wake haukua unasimamiwa na BOT zaid ya MRAJIS wa ushirika ..ujio wa sheria mpya ya microfinance ndo unawapa BOT nguvu ya kusimamima utendaji kazi wa hizo SACCOS kama mabenki ( nadhan sheria bado inasubiria kanuni ianze kufanya kazi)

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Hii Mchakato wake unaweza pitia mapendekezo haya ambayo baadae vlvl notisi ilifuatia
 

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Kamanda wa Kweli said:
Sidhani! Mwenye elimu (level) yoyote ile anaweza kisajili kampuni na akapata kibali...siyo lazima uwe umesoma uhasibu au mambo ya fedha. Ili mradi una unekidhi vigezo, unasajiliwa, sidhani kama kuna kigezo cha elimu. Mkuu Afrolink-Tz Consult Ltd amejibu "generally", nadhani kwa kuwa swali lako lilikuwa na maelezo mengi.
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Hapa kuna mambo mawili tofauti

1. Usajili wa kampuni
Hili halijalishi una elimu gani, usajili wa kampuni utafanikiwa. Hii ni kwa sababu kiwango cha elimu si kigezo cha kusajili au kutosajili kwa kampuni.

2. Kupata kibali kwa ajili ya uendeshaji wa biashara husika
Hili ndiyo huhitaji ujuzi katika fani husika. Tukianzia suala la Microfinance business. Hapa itakulazimu Mkurugenzi/wakurugenzi uwe na taaluma ya masuala ya fedha/mhasibu au uwe na uzoefu usio na shaka katika biashara husika ili uweze kuiendesha kwa ufanisi na upate kibali. Kama wote hamna basi mtalazimika kumtumia mwajiri/waajiri wenu ambae w/ana sifa za uhasibu/utaalam wa masuala ya fedha kupata kibali.

Biashara yoyote maalumu yenye kuhitaji taaluma maalumu huwezi kupata kibali kama hamna mtu mwenye sifa husika. Mifano michache ni kama vile Usajili wa kampuni ya Ukandarasi lazima uwe na Mkandarasi aliefuzu, Usajili wa Firm za uhasibu lazima uwe na taaluma husika, the same kwa sheria na washauri wa biashara pia kwn kibali/leseni hutolewa kutokana na kufuzu kwa ujuzi maalumu na si kwa kigezo cha kibiashara kama mtaji nk japo na hivi huangaliwa kama vigezo vya kujazia pia
 
Kwema. Naomba kushirikishwa kuhusu microcredit ni mtaji gani as starting point itahitajika.
Thanks
 
Unafahamu kweli ulichoandika hapa?
Ultimate said:
Kuanzisha microcredit kiwago cha mtaji kisipungue 700mil, ili kupata kibal cha kufanya kazi unabidi uwena 500mil tena ni minimun capital alafv 200 ndo hapo saa kufungua branch na HQ wafanya kaz, ukiwa na 700ml utaweza kua NA kampuni ya microcredit kama TUNAKOPESHA ltd.
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