Bongo haya yatafika lini?

[Sikonge]

kuhusu ma-train ya bongo sijui kwakweli! kwani mie sio wa 'reli ya kati au tazara', lkn kama hayatumii steam engines sijui, otherwise yatakuwa yanatumia diesel engines. all apply the same principle! the difference is steam and diesel!

bora umekubali kwamba wewe ni fundi ujenzi! ndio maana hujui hata volume ya engine ni ipi! siajabu utasema volume ya engine ni area x distance haha! anyway, nimekufurahia sikonge kwani unapenda kujifunza, big up sana!

Mkuu,
Kwanza heri na wewe umekubali kuwa hujui locomotive za matrain ya Tz zinafanya kazi vipi. Kwa mtu uliyesomea magari na unafahamu VOLUME ya Engine, huoni ni AIBU kufundishwa na Fundi Mchundo wa UJENZI?

Si kuwa sifahamu Volume ya ENGINE ni nini. Nafahamu sana na kitu ambacho nilikiri wazi kabisa sifahamu ni "real formula relating Pressure, Temperature, Volume and Power (It can be Tires Torque, Force etc). Ila nikasema kuwa all in all, kama waliandika hiyo formula, basi walitumia BASIC ya uhusiano wa Pressure na Force na baada ya kuweka Energy/Power lost, wakaja na hiyo formula ambayo mie SIIFAHAMU. Hapa ningeliomba UNIANDIKIE au UNIONYESHE hata kama ni BASIC tu imekaaje.

Volume of Engine: Huko mnaiita Engine Displacement.
Engine displacement is the volume wept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre(TDC) to bottom dead centre (BDC).

This is determined from the bore and stroke of an engine's cylinders. The bore is the diameter of the circular chambers cut into the cylinder block.

Mkuu, hapo unakuwa umepata Volume ya ENGINE katika CC.

Ukirudi kwenye TRAIN:
Ulisema kuwa Motor siyo engine, nikakuambia SI KWELI. Kwa mfano Electric motor ni ENGINE ila sema inatumia umeme as energy to produce torque (An electric motor is a motor that uses electical energy to produce mechanical energy) wakati engine za magari zinatumia gas FUELS.

Diesel-Locomotive:
(Diesel-electric) is a Diesel engine that drives an electrical generator whose output provides power to the traction motor. There is no mechanical connection between the engine and the wheels.
Kuanzia leo, ukumbuke milele kuwa locomotive nyingi duniani (ukiacha chache sana kama za Mkaa au Diesel-mechanical) hata kama hazitumii umeme, basi ukweli ni kuwa ZINAZALISHA UMEME. Kwa maneno mengine ni MOVING GENERATOR.

Kwenye magari ya kawaida, engine inazalisha TORQUE. Hii Force inaanzia kwenye Piston na kupelekwa kwenye piston road na baadaye Crankshaft. Tunaweza kusema no power lost. Sasa hii torque ikiunganishwa kwenye Gear Box, kuna enery lost. Ikija kuingizwa kwenye shaft kupelekwa kwenye matairi ya nyuma, kuna energy lost na hapo kuna lile box la differencial nalo kuna energy lost. Hadi ile enegy/power ikija kufika kwenye TIRES, kuna upotevu mkubwa sana wa ENERGY/POWER.
Sasa kwenye TRAIN ili kuzuia hii kitu ya power/energy lost, wanazalisha umeme na umeme unaenda moja kwa moja kwenye Motors which are mounted next to wheels of locomotive and motors changes electrical energy to mechanical energy and those Torque to move a locomotive/train.

Kinachonishinda hadi leo kuelewa ni kwa nini MAGARI hawatumii hii njia ili kuokoa upotevu wa energy usio na lazima. Ndiyo maana wengine wanasema kuna UMAFIA mkubwa sana kati ya watengeneza magari na makampuni ya mafuta.

Mkuu, nasubiri Formula inayounga Pressure, Heat, volume fo engine vs Power/torque of the wheel.

 

[Sikonge]

Basics first : Maji, Umeme, elimu bora, kuacha ufisadi... t

Mkuu,
Kama wewe ulisoma ABUSHIRI na Tip-Tip, basi umeingia mahali siyo pako.

Hapa ni sehemu ya watu wanaosema "KILA KITU KINAWEZEKANA ila tu....." Na siyo "Ahh, hayo ni ya Wazungu tu maana wao wana ma-computer..."

 

[Pape]

We know that;

PV = nRT

Also engine volume (cylinder volume) is V = 3.14 (r square) h,

Whereby h = distance between the TDC and the BDC, and r = radius of the cylinder

Note: This volume can be multiplied with the number of cylinders to obtain the total volume.

So, the above relationship can be written as;

3.14 P(r square) h = nRT

also;

<dl><dd>

</dd><dt>where W is work, &#964; is torque, and &#952;₁ and &#952;₂ represent (respectively) the initial and final angular positions.</dt></dl>The change in rotational kinetic energy can be expressed as
<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>where I = moment of inertia, &#969; = angular speed

Power can be expressed as
<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>where P is power, &#964; is torque, &#969; is the angular speed or velocity

Mathematically, the equation may be rearranged to compute torque for a given power output as shown below;

<dl><dd>

</dd><dt>
</dt><dt>where rotational speed is in revolutions per unit time</dt></dl>So, power and torque are related as hereunder;

<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>or,

<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>The above equation can be rearranged as;
<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>From the above equation we are getting;

<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>And finally,

<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>Well, about Heat and engines, huh! Thats very wide topic, Im sorry because I cant type it here. The fact is it depends upon which thermodynamic cycle in question. Each thermodynamic cycle is different from the other. So, its a very wide subject. The basic formula is PV = nRT, pressure, volume varries with time while T is constant.

Also, Internal energy, U = H - W,

whereby, U = U2 - U1, change in internal energy
H = heat
W = workdone, it can be; PdV + VdP (depending upon the variation);

so, about heat mkuu hapo ni somo 'pana' sana!


<dl><dt>
</dt></dl>

 

[Sikonge]

We know that;

PV = nRT

Also engine volume (cylinder volume) is V = 3.14 (r square) h,

Whereby h = distance between the TDC and the BDC, and r = radius of the cylinder

Note: This volume can be multiplied with the number of cylinders to obtain the total volume.

So, the above relationship can be written as;

3.14 P(r square) h = nRT
Well, about Heat and engines, huh! Thats very wide topic, Im sorry because I cant type it here. The fact is it depends upon which thermodynamic cycle in question. Each thermodynamic cycle is different from the other. So, its a very wide subject. The basic formula is PV = nRT, pressure, volume varries with time while T is constant.


Also, Internal energy, U = H - W,

whereby, U = U2 - U1, change in internal energy
H = heat
W = workdone, it can be; PdV + VdP (depending upon the variation);

so, about heat mkuu hapo ni somo 'pana' sana!

Mkuu,
Hiyo niliiona wakati natafuta hiyo formula ila sikuielewa. Jamaa ameingia mtini na kaweka diferential ya P and V only na upande wa pili T kasema iko complicated. Na kwenye maelezo kaweka IT CAN BE.

Mwisho na wewe umeandika kuwa "ni somo pana sana", yaani umecopy maelezo ya jamaa bila ya kuongeza ya kwako hata moja. Uelewa wako katika hili uko wapi? Anyway, naona hata wewe hapa ni mweupe. Itabidi nikikutana na jamaa yangu mmoja nimwuulize anishushie uhusiano wake. Kama utahitaji basi naweza kuja kukupatia hilo jibu hapa.

 

[Lole Gwakisa]

EE bana eee! hapa kuna shule kwa kwenda mbele!!

 

[Junius]

Hii gari imetengenezwa wapi?

 

[MwanaFalsafa1]

Basics first : Maji, Umeme, elimu bora, kuacha ufisadi... t

Kuna watu tayari wanavyo hivyo unavyo vitaja juu. Sasa what next for them?

 

[Pape]

Kuna watu tayari wanavyo hivyo unavyo vitaja juu. Sasa what next for them?

bora umwambie wewe

 

[Pape]

Mkuu,
Hiyo niliiona wakati natafuta hiyo formula ila sikuielewa. Jamaa ameingia mtini na kaweka diferential ya P and V only na upande wa pili T kasema iko complicated. Na kwenye maelezo kaweka IT CAN BE.

Mwisho na wewe umeandika kuwa "ni somo pana sana", yaani umecopy maelezo ya jamaa bila ya kuongeza ya kwako hata moja. Uelewa wako katika hili uko wapi? Anyway, naona hata wewe hapa ni mweupe. Itabidi nikikutana na jamaa yangu mmoja nimwuulize anishushie uhusiano wake. Kama utahitaji basi naweza kuja kukupatia hilo jibu hapa.

mkuu,
hiyo 'kanuni' iko sawa bin sawia! ukitaka 'kalikulasi' yake hapo mbona wenzangu na mimi wataanza kuuliza na hiyo ndio nini?

Kuhusu 'it can be' si unajua tena mimi kizungu ni 'mama mkwe' kwahiyo toa shaka ni 'utindio' wa kizungu; duh ila safi sana mkuu. hii mada ilikuwa tamu. si umeona 'wadandiaji' walivyoishia njiani?? haha; (w)anajijua (m)wenyewe!

In order to understand the phenomena of heat and engines, you need to understand the concept of thermodynamic cyles. e.g carnot cycle,clausius Rankine cycle, reverse operated clausius Rankine cycle, organic Rankine cycle, Joule-Brayton cycle, Stirling process, and Seiliger process

Seiliger process is basically applied in internal combustion engines (diesel process and otto process).

So, do you want me to breakdown all on JF? mmmh!

Enjoy!

 

[MwanaFalsafa1]

This Mercedes is made of diamonds. Nadhani imeipika BMW ya gold LOL. Ngoja tumake pesa tujaze vitu kama hivi kwenye garage zetu.

 

[MwanaFalsafa1]

 

[MwanaFalsafa1]

Made from actual silver.

 

[Sikonge]

Kwa haraka haraka ni kweli. Ila haikunifurahisha sana sana na kuacha kiu yangu.

Hii thread watu wameigwaya kama ukoma. Sawa na mambo ya DNA alibaki Masanilo peke yake na nilibaki napata shule ya bure peke yangu.

Mkuu, kama uko bado shule au una hamu ya kusolve hilo swali kirahi, basi ningelikusihi ujaribu kusoma hii kitu inaitwa "Theory of Plasicity and Elasticity". Na huko unaweza kwenda moja kwa moja kwenye hii formula hapa chini.
Imekaa kama ni ya UJENZI, ila unapo-intergrate na kuweka boundary value problem wakati umei-intergrate, utasolve hilo swala kwa urahisi sana hasa utakapotaka kuweka na heat. Nafikiri aliyeandika kwenye Wikipedia (hapo ulipo-copy) alitoka nje kwa sababu haifahamu hiyo theory juu. Jitahidi usome.

The Euler-Bernoulli equation describes the relationship between the beam's deflection and the applied load:
<DL><DD>

</DD></DL>The curve u(x) describes the deflection u of the beam at some position x (recall that the beam is modeled as a one-dimensional object). w is a distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area); it may be a function of x, u, or other variables.
Note that E is the e;astic modulus and that I is the second moment of are. I must be calculated with respect to the centroidal axis perpendicular to the applied loading. For an Euler-Bernoulli beam not under any axial loading this axis is called the neutral axis.
Often, u = u(x), w = w(x), and EI is a constant, so that:
<DL><DD>

</DD></DL>Mkuu, hii formula hapa juu, utasolve kila kitu. Hapa kinacholeta shida ni kujua tu zile boundary conditions. Kwenye ujenzi zipo nyingine na ndani ya engine zitakuwa nyingine ila formula inabaki ile ile. Ukifahamu utakuwa mgonjwa wa computer ila tatizo lake inabidi uelewe sana Vectors, Mahesabu, physics pamoja na FEM (finite-element method). ukiifahamu hii, wewe unapeta sehemu nyingi sana. Usisahau wenda WIKIPEDIA kumsoma mama Sophia Germain.

 

[Sikonge]

Nasema hivi, watoto wanasoma kwa kuketi kwenye vumbi - hawana madawati, wagonjwa wanalala sakafuni - vitanda hakuna, maji shida, umeme ndio hivyo... Mbona unakwenda mbali sana?

Mkuu,
Wakati akina Newton wanafanya uvumbuzi wao, si ajabu walikuwa na hali mbaya zaidi kuliko kwa sasa Tanzania.

Nyie endeleeni tu kulia na hizo mimba na maji. Wengine inabidi waende shule kali saana ili kama watakuja na solution nzuri, wataleta mashine zitakazoweza kujenga hospital, kutengeneza magodoro, vitanda, nk.

Kama wote tukikaa na tuanze kulia, hiyo kesho itakuwa mbaya sana. Na mwisho wa siku, watu wanaodeal na mambo haya ni wachache sana. Angalia Masanilo alipoweka makala ya DNA, watu hawakuchangia kabisa. Ndivyo dunia ilivyo. Wakati wengine wanaosha macho na kuona no NDOTO, wengine tunajadili wanatengenezaje na kwamba hata sisi tunaweza na si ndoto. Kama watu wangelipata suport, basi tungelifanikiwa.

 

[Pape]

Nasema hivi, watoto wanasoma kwa kuketi kwenye vumbi - hawana madawati, wagonjwa wanalala sakafuni - vitanda hakuna, maji shida, umeme ndio hivyo... Mbona unakwenda mbali sana?

sasa unataka mimi nifanyeje na masuala hayo uliyoyataja? nenda serikalini kawaeleze kwani wao ndio walioshika 'mpini'

 

[Pape]

Mkuu,
Wakati akina Newton wanafanya uvumbuzi wao, si ajabu walikuwa na hali mbaya zaidi kuliko kwa sasa Tanzania.

Nyie endeleeni tu kulia na hizo mimba na maji. Wengine inabidi waende shule kali saana ili kama watakuja na solution nzuri, wataleta mashine zitakazoweza kujenga hospital, kutengeneza magodoro, vitanda, nk.

Kama wote tukikaa na tuanze kulia, hiyo kesho itakuwa mbaya sana. Na mwisho wa siku, watu wanaodeal na mambo haya ni wachache sana. Angalia Masanilo alipoweka makala ya DNA, watu hawakuchangia kabisa. Ndivyo dunia ilivyo. Wakati wengine wanaosha macho na kuona no NDOTO, wengine tunajadili wanatengenezaje na kwamba hata sisi tunaweza na si ndoto. Kama watu wangelipata suport, basi tungelifanikiwa.

hilo nalo neno! asante! nadhani amekuelewa!

 

[Pape]

Kwa haraka haraka ni kweli. Ila haikunifurahisha sana sana na kuacha kiu yangu.

Hii thread watu wameigwaya kama ukoma. Sawa na mambo ya DNA alibaki Masanilo peke yake na nilibaki napata shule ya bure peke yangu.

Mkuu, kama uko bado shule au una hamu ya kusolve hilo swali kirahi, basi ningelikusihi ujaribu kusoma hii kitu inaitwa "Theory of Plasicity and Elasticity". Na huko unaweza kwenda moja kwa moja kwenye hii formula hapa chini.
Imekaa kama ni ya UJENZI, ila unapo-intergrate na kuweka boundary value problem wakati umei-intergrate, utasolve hilo swala kwa urahisi sana hasa utakapotaka kuweka na heat. Nafikiri aliyeandika kwenye Wikipedia (hapo ulipo-copy) alitoka nje kwa sababu haifahamu hiyo theory juu. Jitahidi usome.

The Euler-Bernoulli equation describes the relationship between the beam's deflection and the applied load:
<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>The curve u(x) describes the deflection u of the beam at some position x (recall that the beam is modeled as a one-dimensional object). w is a distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area); it may be a function of x, u, or other variables.
Note that E is the e;astic modulus and that I is the second moment of are. I must be calculated with respect to the centroidal axis perpendicular to the applied loading. For an Euler-Bernoulli beam not under any axial loading this axis is called the neutral axis.
Often, u = u(x), w = w(x), and EI is a constant, so that:
<dl><dd>

</dd></dl>Mkuu, hii formula hapa juu, utasolve kila kitu. Hapa kinacholeta shida ni kujua tu zile boundary conditions. Kwenye ujenzi zipo nyingine na ndani ya engine zitakuwa nyingine ila formula inabaki ile ile. Ukifahamu utakuwa mgonjwa wa computer ila tatizo lake inabidi uelewe sana Vectors, Mahesabu, physics pamoja na FEM (finite-element method). ukiifahamu hii, wewe unapeta sehemu nyingi sana. Usisahau wenda WIKIPEDIA kumsoma mama Sophia Germain.

Nitafuatilia kwa ukaribu zaidi mkuu, asante sana.