Elektron

[Mama]

Mama,

Why would we want to do that while the original question is completely out of the realm of electromagnetic force?

The strong nuclear force is the strongest force in the universe (I know some say love is, but that's not scientific) the strong nuclear force is 10 power 38 times stronger than gravity and 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic forceforceforce.

So why do you wanna bring a screw driver where a rocket launcher is needed?

We have to think beyond the standard model. The grand unified theory (gauge coupling unification) predicts that at extremely high energy the electromagnetic forces, weak nuclear forces and strong nuclear forces fuse into a single unified field. Agree?

 

[Kuhani]

Mi nilishangaa hapa, nikahisi kaenda mazoezini hivyo nikasema 911 na 9millimeters wajiandae🙂

Ha a ha aha haaaaaaaaaa! Duuh! That is soo funny!

Listen, huyo Pundit, ninaemwita mwanangu, huwa hatufiki kwenye matumizi ya 9 millimeters! Yeye anatumia rhyme and reason, halafu huwa hakimbilii 9-1-1, unajua Jay Z alisema in the underworld we take care of beef ourselves.

Unamjua Jay Z we Mama we ? Wanao wana umri gani, waulize. Lakini Jay wa siku hizi kaisha, hawawezi kumjua the real Jay Z wa mid-90s.

Endeleeni na kwaksi na leptonz. Tupo wote.

 

[Mama]

Ha a ha aha haaaaaaaaaa! Duuh! That is soo funny!

Listen, huyo Pundit ninaemwita mwanangu huwa hatufiki kwenye matumizi ya 9 millimeters! Yeye anatumia rhyme and reason, halafu huwa hakimbilii 9-1-1, unajua Jay Z alisema in the underworld we take care of beef ourselves.

Unamjua Jay Z we Mama we ? Wanao wana umri gani, waulize. Lakini Jay wa siku hizi kaisha, hawawezi kumjua the real Jay Z, wa mid-90s.

Endeleeni na kwaksi na leptonz. Tupo wote.

Any way, namjua Jay Z yule wa zamani wakati anaingia ulingoni. Nilikuwa nikiwaacha watoto na baba yao mie huyoooo. I needed a life also.


BTW, umenishtua mishipa yangu ya fahamu na kwaksi. Write something.

 

[Pundit]

We have to think beyond the standard model. The grand unified theory (gauge coupling unification) predicts that at extremely high energy the electromagnetic forces, weak nuclear forces and strong nuclear forces fuse into a single unified field. Agree?

Mama,

Hiyo single unified field Albert Einstein aliifanyia kazi mapaka anakufa na hakuiweza. String theory, more precisely M-Theory ndiko inakoelekea.

Sikatai standard model haijakamilika, lakini siwezi kujifanya ninaweza kutoa majibu yaliyo na insight nzuri zaidi ya standard model, na hata grand unified theory itakuwa based kwenye standard model hata kama itafanya modifications, itakuwa kama Einstein's relativity ilivyofanya modifications katika Newton's classical physics.

Kama tungekuwa na majibu ya ku overhaul standard model ningekuwa Nobel laureate tayari.

I am thinking beyond the standard model, even into Michio Kaku's hyperspace and Leonard Susskind's multiverse.It's just that thinking and cracking that paradigm shift is not the same thing.

 

[Mama]

Mama,

Hiyo single unified field Albert Einstein aliifanyia kazi mapaka anakufa na hakuiweza. String theory, more precisely M-Theory ndiko inakoelekea.

Sikatai standard model haijakamilika, lakini siwezi kujifanya ninaweza kutoa majibu yaliyo na insight nzuri zaidi ya standard model, na hata grand unified theory itakuwa based kwenye standard model hata kama itafanya modifications, itakuwa kama Einstein's relativity ilivyofanya modifications katika Newton's classical physics.

Kama tungekuwa na majibu ya ku overhaul standard model ningekuwa Nobel laureate tayari.

Kwa maana hiyo hakuna conclusion as far as speculations za science are concerned!!!!!!!!!

 

[Mutu]

Umeeleza mruko na mshuko wa elecktron kati ya ngazi za nishati za msisimko (excited state) na za msingi (ground state), lakini husajema ni kwani elektroni zikishashuka mpaka ngazi ya kwanza ya nishati, hazimoromoki zaidi kudumbukia kwenye kiini kwa mvuto wa uchanya wa kiini.


E bwana eeeh, hii kali. Yani kwa sababu zina tungamo tofauti basi zitakuwa zina chaji tofauti ? Vyovyote itakavyokuwa katika tofauti ya tungamo la protoni na elektroni, ushaambiwa kwamba protoni ina chaji ya +1, na elektroni ina -1. Ok ? Zinanguvu sawa na tofauti ya mvutano!!!


Hii ndio kali, kali zaidi. Kwa hiyo kitu chenye chaji ya +4 hakiwezi kuvutana na kitu chenye -1 ? Lazima vyote viwe +4 na -4 au +1 an -1 ? Duuuh?


Hizo kwaksi, leputonisi na chochote kilichomo ndani ya protoni au electroni mwisho wa siku tunajua protoni ni chanya moja (+ 1) , elektroni ni hasi ( -1 ). Kwishne!

Tunarudi pale pale, ni kwa nini elecktroni hazivutwi ndani ya kiini kilicho jaa uchanya ?

Ndugu unaamua kuelewa unavyotaka wewe !Nimesema tungamo tofauti na chaji tofauti .Kwa hiyo kama zina tungamo tofauti haziwezi kuwa na nguvu sawa,notation ni kwamba zingekuwa na tungamo sawa na chaji tofauti zingekuwa na nguvu sawa ila uelekeo tofauti.

Umeuliza kuwa kitu chenye chaji kubwa chanya hakiwezi kuvuta chenye chaji ndogo hasi.Jibu kinaweza ila nguvu ya uvutano ukubwa wake hautakuwa sawa kama zote zingekuwa na chaji kubwa na tofauti.Pia umeongea kama unaninukuu mimi kusema electron na proton hazivutani,wakati mimi nimeelezea kuwa kuwa zinavutana kwa kiwango cha kufanya electrons kuwa zilipo kungekuwa hakuna uvutano kutoka kwenye nuclues zisingekuwepo zilipo.

Jambo jingine ni kuwa unasema unajua kuwa proton ina chaji chanya + na na electroni chaji hasi - kisha ukamalizia kwa kusema "kwishne".Mimi nasema kama hujui mchango wa tungamo cha kitu ktk nishati ,basi mjadala huu ni mgumu sana mimi kushiriki na wewe.(Do your homework)

Mwishoni unauliza kuwa kwanini electroni havivutwi kwenye kiini kilichojaa uchanya ,jibu ni kuwa zinavutwa ndugu ndio maana vipo vilipo ,vinavutwa kwa kiasi cha nguvu kinachovifanya kuwa zilipo.

Soma:
/*force btn two mass is proportional to the product of their mass and inversely to the square of their distant.*/

also check Energy/force/Mass/Quantum mechanic

 

[Pundit]

Kwa maana hiyo hakuna conclusion as far as speculations za science are concerned!!!!!!!!!

Thre is clarity up to a certain point, getting to the grand unified force/theory is till not accomplished, the challenge is ours.

The one good thing about science is that it acknowledges its fallibility and incompleteness.There is room for improvement.

 

[Mama]

Thre is clarity up to a certain point, getting to the grand unified force/theory is till not accomplished, the challenge is ours.

The one good thing about science is that it acknowledges its fallibility and incompleteness.There is room for improvement.

Science failure on origin of life can also be acknowledged.

 

[Pundit]

Science failure on origin of life can also be acknowledged.

Failure has an unbecoming finality that is more than misapropriated here, at the present time science does not claim to have all the answers, including a precise answer to the question of the origin of life.

What I like about science is that when it cannot provide answers, the scientific community works at the question to get a better insight and does not settle for dogmatic answers like "God created the universe and life" which are always dogged by more questions than answers.

I really did not want to go in this direction but your post sounded like a sarcastic put down of science.Science not having naswers and acknowledging that is not a negative, it is a positive.

Religion, the next leading contender, not having the answers and dogmatically dismissing that is a poison.

 

[Mutu]

Lakini swali langu ni kwamba labda niweke sawa kidogo niliposema kusukumana nilimaanisha proton na proton na sio proton na nutroni kwani haileti maana yeyote kwa kuwa proton haina chaji na proton ina hasi sasa hapo hakutatokea tukio lelote hilo linaeleweka!
Tatizo lipo hapa kwenye protoni; protoni zina chaji chanya basi kwa kawaida ni lazima zitasukumana na protoni zingine kwa kuwa zote zina chaji za kufanana hata ukichukua sumaku na ukaelekeza pande zake mbili zinazofanana utaona kabisa kuwa zina sukumana pande mbili tofauti na hii inatokana na kuwa na chaji zinazofanana sasa kama hilo linatokea kwa sumaku kwa nini sio proton?

Kutokana na swali lako hili kweli ni la msingi na hata mimi nina swali kama lako na hili siwezi tetea zaidi ya kumnukuu mtu na kujalibu kuamini anachosema.Kama nilivyoelezea mwazo hii kitu bado haijafikia mwisho ni kitu ambacho ukweli wake unaendelea kuchunguzwa.

Ntanukuu:
"In an atom, the electrons revolve around the centrally placed nucleus made up of the positively charged protons and the electrically neutral neutrons, together known as nucleons. The nucleus is about hundred thousand times smaller than the orbits of the electrons, implying that the distance between the nucleons is very small as compared to the distance between the electrons and the nucleus.

Truly, the negatively charged electrons in an atom are attracted towards the positively charged nucleus. In the same manner, the positively charged protons do get repelled from each other according to Coulomb’s law.

However, the distance between two such protons is extremely small; about one million times smaller than the distance between the electron and the nucleus. And at such extremely short distances, another kind of force comes into play.

This is known as the nuclear force, which is distinguished from Coulomb’s electrostatic force, by some characteristic features.

Although certain aspects of the exact nature of the nuclear force form topics of current research, by now it is well known to physicists that the nuclear force is attractive, very strong and independent of the charge of the objects. Thus, the electrically neutral neutrons and the protons alike are held bound in the nucleus by this strong force.

A pair of protons inside the atomic nucleus, experience two forces, one, the repulsive electrostatic Coulomb’s force and, two, the attractive and very strong nuclear force. Therefore, the net effect is the strong attraction between them, keeping them inside the nucleus."

Dr. H. K. SAHU


Hiki ndicho nachoweza kuchangia na kumunuku SAHU .

 

[Mama]

Truly, the negatively charged electrons in an atom are attracted towards the positively charged nucleus. In the same manner, the positively charged protons do get repelled from each other according to Coulomb's law.

However, the distance between two such protons is extremely small; about one million times smaller than the distance between the electron and the nucleus. And at such extremely short distances, another kind of force comes into play.

This is known as the nuclear force, which is distinguished from Coulomb's electrostatic force, by some characteristic features.

Although certain aspects of the exact nature of the nuclear force form topics of current research, by now it is well known to physicists that the nuclear force is attractive, very strong and independent of the charge of the objects. Thus, the electrically neutral neutrons and the protons alike are held bound in the nucleus by this strong force.

A pair of protons inside the atomic nucleus, experience two forces, one, the repulsive electrostatic Coulomb's force and, two, the attractive and very strong nuclear force. Therefore, the net effect is the strong attraction between them, keeping them inside the nucleus."

Dr. H. K. SAHU

What about the fact that physicists have been able to merge electromagnetism (refer to Pundits posts) and nuclear forces into electroweak forces with makes electron not be attracted to protons due to the so called electrostrong forces?

 

[Kuhani]

Nimesema tungamo tofauti na chaji tofauti .Kwa hiyo kama zina tungamo tofauti haziwezi kuwa na nguvu sawa, notation ni kwamba zingekuwa na tungamo sawa na chaji tofauti zingekuwa na nguvu sawa ila uelekeo tofauti.

Nguvu sawa inahusiana vipi hapa ? Swali ni, kwa nini elektroni hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ? Hatuongelei kipimo cha hizo nguvu hapa!!! Absolutely irrelevant.

Umeuliza kuwa kitu chenye chaji kubwa chanya hakiwezi kuvuta chenye chaji ndogo hasi.Jibu kinaweza ila nguvu ya uvutano ukubwa wake hautakuwa sawa kama zote zingekuwa na chaji kubwa na tofauti.

Wrong!

Nguvu inayotokana na chaji haitegemei tungamo!!!

Sikia Mutu. Coulombic force between chaji q1 na q2 is

F = k (q1 X q2 )
distance squared,

Hakuna mass hapo!!!

Listen, Mutu, nataka kukwambia kitu super, super important:

Kutokana na udogo wa chembe hizi (proton, electron, kwaksi, sijui leptoni na hata atom yenyewe, kutokana na udogo huo, huwa nguvu zinazoendana au kukinzwa na tungamo ni ndogo ndogo mno kulinganisha na nguvu zinazoendana na chaji, kiasi huwa haziongelewi, yani hizi zinazotokana au kukinzwa na tungamo huwa zipo kama hazipo (negligible).

Kwa hiyo vitu kama proton au electron tungamo lake haliwezi kuwa na effect ya maana kulinganisha na nguvu ya chaji zao. Hivyo basi, sikia hapa Mutu, hivyo basi kule kuvutana kwa chembe zooote hizi kunakotokana na chaji huwa hakuzuiwi na hakutegemeani na ukubwa wa vinavyovutana! Always remember that. Mandatory in the story!

Pia umeongea kama unaninukuu mimi kusema electron na proton hazivutani,wakati mimi nimeelezea kuwa kuwa zinavutana kwa kiwango cha kufanya electrons kuwa zilipo kungekuwa hakuna uvutano kutoka kwenye nuclues zisingekuwepo zilipo.

Tunajua zinavutana. Swali ni, kwa nini hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?

Jambo jingine ni kuwa unasema unajua kuwa proton ina chaji chanya + na na electroni chaji hasi - kisha ukamalizia kwa kusema "kwishne".Mimi nasema kama hujui mchango wa tungamo cha kitu ktk nishati ,basi mjadala huu ni mgumu sana mimi kushiriki na wewe.(Do your homework)

Mutu unarudia lile kosa hapa, una consider mchango wa tungamo katika kuvutana kwa nguvu zinazotokana na chaji. Soma juu hapo: tungamano la elementary particle lina negligible effect katika hizi electrostatic forces. Kumbuka hilo siku zote.

Mwishoni unauliza kuwa kwanini electroni havivutwi kwenye kiini kilichojaa uchanya ,jibu ni kuwa zinavutwa ndugu ndio maana vipo vilipo ,vinavutwa kwa kiasi cha nguvu kinachovifanya kuwa zilipo.

Nimesema, na narudia, swali ni kwa nini hazivutwi na kudumbukia kwenye kiini kilichojaa uchanya ?

Soma:
force btn two mass is proportional to the product of their mass and inversely to the square of their distant.

Unaona sasa, Mutu, unachanganya force of gravity na Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction and repulsion. Halafu unanambia mimi ndio nikafanye homework ! Homework ya basic definition ya coulombic force na gravity kweli ?

Sikia Mutu:

Force of gravity F:

F = G (mass 1 X mass 2 )

distance squared,​

where G = constant isiyohusiana na chaji!!

Halafu Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction/repulsion:

F = k (charge 1 X charge 2 )

distance squared,​

where k = constant inayohusiana na medium, hakuna tungamo hapo!

Sasa katika ulimwengu wa elementary particles, hiyo force of gravity ni negligible kulinganisha na Coulombic force! Yani ukiwa na chembe mbili zenye tungamo na chaji, nguvu za aina zote mbili zitakuwepo lakini kipimo cha ile nguvu ya chaji itaazidi sana ya tungamo kiasi cha kuwa ipo kama haipo!!

Tunarudi tulipoanzia: Kama elektroni zinavutwa, ni kwa nini hazidumbukii kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?

 

[Yo Yo]

Kudadadeki ngoja nitafute Abbott yangu.

 

[Mutu]

What about the fact that physicists have been able to merge electromagnetism (refer to Pundits posts) and nuclear forces into electroweak forces with makes electron not be attracted to protons due to the so called electrostrong forces?

Natilia shaka mpangilio wa fact hii unavyosema Mama.

Navyojua mimi ktk nature mpaka sasa watuambia watafitu kuwa kuna force nne(4) Kuna
1.strong force 2.weak force .3. electromagnetic force.4.Gravitational force.

Strong force :Fundamental force acting between elementary particles of matter, mainly quarks. The strong force binds quarks together in clusters to form protons and neutrons and heavier short-lived particles. It holds together the atomic nucleus and underlies interactions among all particles containing quarks. In strong interactions, quarks exchange gluons, carriers of the strong force.Also they say this force independent of charge .

weak force :a repulsive short-range interaction responsible for radioactivity, that acts on electrons, neutrinos and quarks. It acts on all elementary particles that have a spin of 1/2. The particles interact weakly by exchanging particles that have integer spins

electromagnetic force:The fundamental force that is associated with electric and magnetic fields and is responsible for atomic structure, chemical reactions, the attractive and repulsive forces associated with electrical charge and magnetism, and all other electromagnetic phenomena.

Gravitational force:Gravitational force: a long-range attractive force that acts on all particles with mass.

Electroweak:combination of the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces in a unified theory.

Unified field theory

Attempt to describe all fundamental interactions between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework (a "theory of everything") based on quantum field theory. So far, the weak force and the electromagnetic force have been successfully united in electroweak theory, and the strong force is described by a similar quantum field theory called quantum chromodynamics. However, attempts to unite the strong and electroweak theories in a grand unified theory have failed, as have attempts at a self-consistent quantum field theory of gravitation.

Above the unification energy, on the order of 102 GeV, they would merge into a single electroweak force. Thus if it is hot enough (approximately 1015 K, a temperature reached early in the Big Bang) then the electromagnetic force and weak force will merge into a combined electroweak force.

Kutokana na maelezo haya sidhani inatosha kusema electroweak ndio inafanya electrons kuwa mbali na proton hence this is undercondition.

Pia electrostrong force haipo jaribio la kuunganisha force zote nne halijathibitishwa bado,imewezekana kwa electroweak force mpaka sasa.

 

[Mama]

Mutu kwa vile hudhani na unatilia shaka basi nenda kwanza kasome vizuri about gauge coupling unification/grand unification, nenda in details usiishie hapo ulipoishia. Ukimaliza tunaweza kujadiliana zaidi. Kwa nini nasema hivi, ulitakiwa ujue kuwa quantum chronodynamics and electroweak interactions ndio zinazoitwa electrostrong forces!

 

[Kuhani]

Brutal...!

 

[Kijakazi]

Nguvu sawa inahusiana vipi hapa ? Swali ni, kwa nini elektroni hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ? Hatuongelei kipimo cha hizo nguvu hapa!!! Absolutely irrelevant.



Wrong!

Nguvu inayotokana na chaji haitegemei tungamo!!!

Sikia Mutu. Coulombic force between chaji q1 na q2 is

F = k (q1 X q2 )
distance squared,

Hakuna mass hapo!!!

Listen, Mutu, nataka kukwambia kitu super, super important:

Kutokana na udogo wa chembe hizi (proton, electron, kwaksi, sijui leptoni na hata atom yenyewe, kutokana na udogo huo, huwa nguvu zinazoendana au kukinzwa na tungamo ni ndogo ndogo mno kulinganisha na nguvu zinazoendana na chaji, kiasi huwa haziongelewi, yani hizi zinazotokana au kukinzwa na tungamo huwa zipo kama hazipo (negligible).

Kwa hiyo vitu kama proton au electron tungamo lake haliwezi kuwa na effect ya maana kulinganisha na nguvu ya chaji zao. Hivyo basi, sikia hapa Mutu, hivyo basi kule kuvutana kwa chembe zooote hizi kunakotokana na chaji huwa hakuzuiwi na hakutegemeani na ukubwa wa vinavyovutana! Always remember that. Mandatory in the story!



Tunajua zinavutana. Swali ni, kwa nini hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?



Mutu unarudia lile kosa hapa, una consider mchango wa tungamo katika kuvutana kwa nguvu zinazotokana na chaji. Soma juu hapo: tungamano la elementary particle lina negligible effect katika hizi electrostatic forces. Kumbuka hilo siku zote.



Nimesema, na narudia, swali ni kwa nini hazivutwi na kudumbukia kwenye kiini kilichojaa uchanya ?



Unaona sasa, Mutu, unachanganya force of gravity na Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction and repulsion. Halafu unanambia mimi ndio nikafanye homework ! Homework ya basic definition ya coulombic force na gravity kweli ?

Sikia Mutu:

Force of gravity F:

F = G (mass 1 X mass 2 )

distance squared,​

where G = constant isiyohusiana na chaji!!

Halafu Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction/repulsion
F = k (charge 1 X charge 2 )

distance squared,​

where k = constant inayohusiana na medium, hakuna tungamo hapo!

Sasa katika ulimwengu wa elementary particles, hiyo force of gravity ni negligible kulinganisha na Coulombic force! Yani ukiwa na chembe mbili zenye tungamo na chaji, nguvu za aina zote mbili zitakuwepo lakini kipimo cha ile nguvu ya chaji itaazidi sana ya tungamo kiasi cha kuwa ipo kama haipo!!

Tunarudi tulipoanzia: Kama elektroni zinavutwa, ni kwa nini hazidumbukii kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?

sidhani kwamba hayo usemayo ni kweli kwamba kwenye kanuni ya coulomb hamna tungamo na naweza kulielezea hili kama ifuatavyo
F (vector) = m dv/dt (v vector) = 1/4pai.konstant q1q1/r1-r2
ambapo m; tungamo
V; ni mwendo
q; chaji
r; umbali kati ya chaji mbili zenye mwelekeo tofauti na hapo juu ni absolute value nikimaanisha kwamba (r) = 1 kama r >o na -1 kama r < 0
inaandikwa kwa mstari ulionyooka na sio mabano kama nilivyoandika.
nimejaribu kunyambua hivi ili kutaka kupingana (kwa heshima zote!)na wewe unaposema kwamba tungamo haihusiki sasa kutokana na hiyo kanuni yetu tunaona kwamba tungamo inahusika na sidhani kama Mtu alikuwa amekosea sana. sasa labda swali kwako sijui ulimaannisha nini uliposema kwamba tungano haihusiki.. kwani nifahamuvyo ni kwamba bila tungano hakuna nguvu yeyote inayowezekana kutona na kanuni ya msingi kabisa ya newton (2),
ambayo inasema kwamba ili uwe na nguvu F (vector) ni lazima uwe na tungamo ambapo nguvu italazimisha kitu (tungamo) kisogee kutoka sehemu moja kwenda nyingine itabadilka (muda, t)... sasa sijui unaweza kuelezea kidogo ulimaanisha nini kama sikukuelwa vibaya!

 

[Mutu]

Nguvu sawa inahusiana vipi hapa ? Swali ni, kwa nini elektroni hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ? Hatuongelei kipimo cha hizo nguvu hapa!!! Absolutely irrelevant.



Wrong!

Nguvu inayotokana na chaji haitegemei tungamo!!!

Sikia Mutu. Coulombic force between chaji q1 na q2 is

F = k (q1 X q2 )
distance squared,

Hakuna mass hapo!!!

Listen, Mutu, nataka kukwambia kitu super, super important:

Kutokana na udogo wa chembe hizi (proton, electron, kwaksi, sijui leptoni na hata atom yenyewe, kutokana na udogo huo, huwa nguvu zinazoendana au kukinzwa na tungamo ni ndogo ndogo mno kulinganisha na nguvu zinazoendana na chaji, kiasi huwa haziongelewi, yani hizi zinazotokana au kukinzwa na tungamo huwa zipo kama hazipo (negligible).

Kwa hiyo vitu kama proton au electron tungamo lake haliwezi kuwa na effect ya maana kulinganisha na nguvu ya chaji zao. Hivyo basi, sikia hapa Mutu, hivyo basi kule kuvutana kwa chembe zooote hizi kunakotokana na chaji huwa hakuzuiwi na hakutegemeani na ukubwa wa vinavyovutana! Always remember that. Mandatory in the story!



Tunajua zinavutana. Swali ni, kwa nini hazivutwi zikadumbukia kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?



Mutu unarudia lile kosa hapa, una consider mchango wa tungamo katika kuvutana kwa nguvu zinazotokana na chaji. Soma juu hapo: tungamano la elementary particle lina negligible effect katika hizi electrostatic forces. Kumbuka hilo siku zote.



Nimesema, na narudia, swali ni kwa nini hazivutwi na kudumbukia kwenye kiini kilichojaa uchanya ?



Unaona sasa, Mutu, unachanganya force of gravity na Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction and repulsion. Halafu unanambia mimi ndio nikafanye homework ! Homework ya basic definition ya coulombic force na gravity kweli ?

Sikia Mutu:

Force of gravity F:

F = G (mass 1 X mass 2 )

distance squared,​

where G = constant isiyohusiana na chaji!!

Halafu Coulombic force of electrostatic attraction/repulsion
F = k (charge 1 X charge 2 )

distance squared,​

where k = constant inayohusiana na medium, hakuna tungamo hapo!

Sasa katika ulimwengu wa elementary particles, hiyo force of gravity ni negligible kulinganisha na Coulombic force! Yani ukiwa na chembe mbili zenye tungamo na chaji, nguvu za aina zote mbili zitakuwepo lakini kipimo cha ile nguvu ya chaji itaazidi sana ya tungamo kiasi cha kuwa ipo kama haipo!!

Tunarudi tulipoanzia: Kama elektroni zinavutwa, ni kwa nini hazidumbukii kwenye kiini cha uchanya ?

Kuhani hakichanganywi kitu hapa ni kuwa umeweka cha Q1 na Q2 hapo sasa sijuhi hizo chaji Q1 na Q2 zinasimama badala ya hasi na chanya tu au Quantity of charge. Q1 and Q2 can be of any charge but what determine force btn them (either attraction or repulsion) is a the product of those quanties.But what this quintity of charge (coulumb) in other unit it is The coulomb is the unit of charge in the meter-kilogram-second (mks) system of units son!
Kama uliwahi pitia hizi calculation utakuta unaambia charged particle of charge q and mass M.Kama unafanya kazi ya ku copy na ku paste utabisha mpaka kesho.Isijekuwa chakula cha watoto tunawapa nguruwe.
Wewe mbona mgumu sana kwani kitu kikiwa kinavutwa lazima kidumbukie kwenye source inayoivuta?........

 

[Mutu]

Mutu kwa vile hudhani na unatilia shaka basi nenda kwanza kasome vizuri about gauge coupling unification/grand unification, nenda in details usiishie hapo ulipoishia. Ukimaliza tunaweza kujadiliana zaidi. Kwa nini nasema hivi, ulitakiwa ujue kuwa quantum chronodynamics and electroweak interactions ndio zinazoitwa electrostrong forces!

Mama uhusiano wa nguvu nne unaitwa electrostrong force,ktk hizi mbili uhusiano wake umedhibitishwa ambao ni kati ya weak force na electromagnetic force na kuitwa electroweak.
Sasa kama ni toauti na hapo kwenye naihitaji shule

 

[Mama]

Mama uhusiano wa nguvu nne unaitwa electrostrong force,ktk hizi mbili uhusiano wake umedhibitishwa ambao ni kati ya weak force na electromagnetic force na kuitwa electroweak.
Sasa kama ni toauti na hapo kwenye naihitaji shule

kasome baba, nenda shule unaihitaji kiasi!