Kumbukumbu za ulimwengu (World Archives)

[Mshana Jr]

 

[Mshana Jr]

The ancient university of Nalanda, and its revival in the modern day.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Sarah Rector became a multi-millionare oil baron and the richest black child at just 12 years old.

She was so rich that Oklahoma legislature legally declared her to be a white person.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Sarah Rector was born in 1902 in Oklahoma to Joseph Rector & Rose McQueen. They were African descendants of the Creek Nation Creek Indians before the Civil war which became part of the Creek Nation after the Treaty of 1866.

 

[Mshana Jr]

As such, they and their descendants were listed as freedmen thus entitled to land allotments under the Treaty of 1866 made by the United States with the Five Civilized Tribes.

 

[Mshana Jr]

As such, they and their descendants were listed as freedmen thus entitled to land allotments under the Treaty of 1866 made by the United States with the Five Civilized Tribes.View attachment 2492800

 

[Mshana Jr]

Nearly 600 black children or Creek Freedmen minors (as they were called) were granted 160 acres of land each. This was a mandatory step in the process of integration of the Indian Territory with Oklahoma Territory to form what is now the State of Oklahoma.

 

[Mshana Jr]

The parcel of land allotted to Sarah Rector was located in Glenpool, 60 miles from where she and her family lived. It was considered inferior infertile soil, not suitable for farming, with better land being reserved for white settlers and members of the tribe.

 

[Mshana Jr]

The family lived simple lives but not in poverty but the $30 annual property tax on Sarah's parcel was such a burden that her father petitioned the County Court to sell the land. His petition was denied because of restrictions placed on the land.

 

[Mshana Jr]

To help cover this expense, in February 1911, Joseph Rector leased Sarah's parcel to the Standard Oil Company. In 1913, the independent oil driller B.B. Jones drilled a well on the property which produced a "gusher" that began to bring in 2,500 barrels of oil a day.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Rector began to receive a daily income of $300 from this strike. The law at the time required full-blooded Indians, black adults and children who were citizens of Indian Territory with significant property and money, to be assigned "well-respected" white guardians.

 

[Mshana Jr]

In October 1913, Rector received royalties of $11,567. As soon as Rector began to receive a lot of money, there was pressure to change Rector's guardianship from her parents to a local white resident.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Given her wealth, the Oklahoma Legislature declared her to be a white person, so that she would be allowed to travel in first-class accommodations on the railroad, as befitted her position.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Rector was already a millionaire by the time she had turned 18. She left Tuskegee with her entire family and moved to Kansas City, Missouri.

 

[Mshana Jr]

THE MAN AND THE COVER | Andean man posing in front of the enigmatic Puerta del Sol de Tiwanaku.

Photography: SMB, s. XX.

 

[madindigwa]

Acha uwongo vita ya pili ya dunia imeisha 1945 wewe hiyo 47 umeitoa wapi

Watu hua mnasubir tu mtu akosee

 

[Mshana Jr]

 

[Mshana Jr]

The Sweat Killed Victims Within A Day And Scientists Still Don't Understand It - rnkr.co/EMZHUL

 

[Mshana Jr]

Arkadiko Bridge was built between 1300-1190 BC, dating back to Bronze Age of Greece, it is one of oldest arch bridges still standing and in use today, and oldest preserved bridge in Europe.

 

[Mshana Jr]

Centuripe; an ancient town in eastern Sicily with a history that goes back to 5th Century BC. Town is spread out across ridges of several hills so town has a 'starfish' shape or if viewed from air, shape of a man with outstretched arms and legs.