Gavana
JF-Expert Member
- Jul 19, 2008
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You don't understand your own book and now you are trying to teach us our book!
Pambana nayo hii.
Zawadi yako hii
Factionalism in the ranks: Corinthians – or Cerinthians?
"But we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw from every brother who walks disorderly and not according to the tradition which he received from us." – 2 Thessalonians 3.6.
Paul had nothing to say about the Pharisees (a faction to which he claimed once to have belonged), nor any of the other well-attested Jewish sectarians of the 1st century – Sadducees, Essenes, Nazirites and Zealots. If he were truly a polemicist of the mid-1st century the omission would be curious indeed.
On the other hand the shadowy presence of 2nd century factions is to be discerned within the Pauline corpus – Cerenthians, Docetists, Marcionites, Ebionites, Nazarenes, Elchasai. Was an original Pauline "Corinthian" letter actually directed towards a group of heretics, the followers of Cerinthus?
It is often said that Paul had within his sights "Judaizers", though he never uses the word himself – adversaries are referred to only obliquely ("Are they Hebrews? So am I.") and never as specific sectarians. The same passages could be directed at the so-called "re-Judaizers" of the 2nd century, those who took issue with the Marcionites and kindred Gnostics for their rejection of the entirety of Jewish scripture.
It appears that some, at least, of Paul's opponents denied the resurrection of the dead:
"Now if Christ is preached that He has been raised from the dead, how do some among you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?"
– 1 Corinthians 15.12.
These dissenters, or perhaps others, practiced a proxy baptism for the dead yet the ritual has no provenance earlier than the 2nd century among the Marcionites (Harnack, Marcion, 176).
"If the dead are not going to be raised to life, what will people do who are being baptized for them? Why are they being baptized for those dead people?"
– 1 Corinthians 15:29.
Little is known of Cerinthus, a religious innovator with his own band of followers, active in Roman Asia perhaps in the late 1st and early 2nd century. It appears that, like many early Christians, he was an adoptionist, teaching that the Spirit entered the man Jesus at baptism and left before the crucifixion.*
"After him brake out the heretic Cerinthus, teaching similarly. For he, too, says that the world was originated by those angels; and sets forth Christ as born of the seed of Joseph, contending that He was merely human, without divinity; affirming also that the Law was given by angels; representing the God of the Jews as not the Lord, but an angel."
– Tertullian, Against All Heresies, 9.3.
In the Catholicization of the faith the towering figure of Paul was granted a grand missionary itinerary (perhaps inspired by the journeys of Apollonius or even Marcion himself). The original Cerinthian discourse was transferred to an appropriate venue, "1st century Corinth", and the Corinthian epistles grew with each twist and turn in the struggle for orthodoxy.