Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
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Kwanza kabisa,
Swali hili kuwapelekea wanaoamini uwepo wa mungu unawaonea. Imani haitaki maswali. Waumini wameambiwa kuamini tu, ukiuliza sana maswali kwenye imani yako unaweza kukufuru. Binafsi mimi sina matatizo na waumini hawa wanaoamini tu imani zao, nina matatizo na wale wanaosisitiza kwamba imani zao ndizo za kweli.
You will need to be specific on which force are you referring to.
The four major forces of the Standard Model of Physics are the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, electromagnetism and gravity.
For more see Standard Model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kisayansi ukitaka kujua nguvu inavyoweza kutengeneza kitu angalia maji, uvutano na entropy zinavyoumba mto
DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!
Ona galaxy formation
DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!
Swali lako ni zuri sana, kwa sababu, kwa kawaida, kufuatilisha the second law of thermodynamics, in a closed system, entropy tends to increase, things move from order to disorder
Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
So how does something like life evolve from non living things if at all things are supposed to move only from order to chaos?
Does Life On Earth Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics (the law of increase of entropy) is sometimes used as an argument against evolution. Evolution, the argument goes, is a decrease of entropy, because it involves things getting more organized over time, while the second law says that things get more disordered over time. So evolution violates the second law.
There are many things wrong with this argument, and it has been discussed ad infinitum. A summary of the arguments on both sides can be found on the links atwww.talkorigins.org/faqs/thermo.html. These discussions never seem to involve any numerical calculations. This is unfortunate, since a very simple calculation shows that it is physically impossible for evolution to violate the second law of thermodynamics.
It is important to note that the earth is not an isolated system: it receives energy from the sun, and radiates energy back into space. The second law doesn't claim that the entropy of any part of a system increases: if it did, ice would never form and vapor would never condense, since both of those processes involve a decrease of entropy. Rather, the second law says that the total entropy of thewhole system must increase. Any decrease of entropy (like the water freezing into ice cubes in your freezer) must be compensated by an increase in entropy elsewhere (the heat released into your kitchen by the refrigerator).
A slightly more sophisticated form of the anti-evolution argument recognizes that the earth is not an isolated system; it receives energy from the sun. But, the argument goes on, the sun's energy onlyincreases disorder. It speeds the processes of breakdown and decay. Therefore, even with an energy source, evolution still violates the second law.
For the earth, though, we have to take into account the change of entropy involved with both the absorption of energy from the sun and the radiation of energy into space. Think of the sun as a heat reservoir that maintains a constant temperature T1 = 6000 K. (I am using the absolute, or Kelvin, temperature scale.) That's the temperature of the radiating surface of the sun, and so it's the effective temperature of the energy we receive from the sun. When the earth absorbs some amount of heat, Q, from this reservoir, the reservoir loses entropy:
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On average, the earth's temperature is neither increasing nor decreasing. Therefore, in the same time that it absorbs heat energy Q from the sun's radiation, it must radiate the same amount of heat into space. This energy is radiated at a much lower temperature that is approximately equal to the average surface temperature of the earth, T2 = 280 K. We can think of space as a second heat reservoir that absorbs the heat Q and consequently undergoes an entropy increase
Continued on the link above
So even though the second law of thermodynamics is valid, the earth is not an isolated system and the law stands to be validated on the universe as a whole when enough time passes and the average entropy increases to the maximum possible level.
