President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire


Katika picha hiyo hapo juu, picha ya kwanza, nyuma ya Mobutu, kwenye ngazi ya ndege (ambaye sura yake inafanana na sura ya Moise Tshombe), ni Justin Bomboko, waziri wa mambo ya nchi za nje katika serikali ya Mobutu. Ndiyo huyo aliyekwenda Congo-Brazzaville, 8 October 1968, katika yatch ya Mobutu, kumshawishi Pierre Mulele arudi Congo-Kinshasa kusaidia kujenga taifa. Alimwambia Mulele amesamehewa pamoja na wengine walioanzisha vurugu nchini. Sasa ni wakati wa kujenga taifa lenye amani na umoja. Miongoni mwao walikuwa ni wafuasi wa Lumumba aliyekamatwa na Mobutu 17 January 1961 na kupelekwa Elisabethville, Katanga, ambako aliuawa na Tshombe siku hiyo hiyo usiku. Mulele alikuwa ni mmoja wa viongozi wa wafuasi wa Lumumba na ndiye aliyesemakana kuwa ni mrithi wa Lumumba.

Bomboko alitumwa na Mobutu kumshawishi Mulele arudi Kinshasa. Wakati ule, Mobutu alikuwa katika ziara rasmi Morocco. Alitumia ziara hiyo kujaribu kujiepusha na lawama itakayofuata baada ya Mulele kuuawa wakati yeye hayupo Kinshasa. Lakini, ingawa Mobutu alikuwa Morocco wakati ule, bila shaka ni yeye aliyetoa amri ya kumuua Mulele atakaporudi Kinshasa ingawa kuna taarifa iliyosema Mobutu alimaaanisha aliposema Mulele amesamehewa na kwamba askari waliomuua Mulele walikwenda kinyume cha matakwa yake. Askari na viongozi wengine waliomuua Mulele walijua Mobutu alikuwa ni kiongozi wa aina gani, mkono wa damu, na wasingethubutu hata kidogo kumpinga na kwenda kinyume cha matakwa yake. Ni vigumu kuamini Mobutu alitaka Mulele aendelee kuishi.

Pia Mobutu alimtuma Bomboko kumshawishi Mulele arudi nyumbani kwa sababu Bomboko na Mulele walikuwa wamefahamiana kwa muda mrefu. Walikuwa mawaziri pamoja katika serikali ya Lumumba. Mulele alikuwa ni waziri wa elimu; Bomboko, waziri wa mambo ya nchi za nje. Mobutu alimteua Bomboko kuwa waziri katika serikali yake kujaribu kuwatuliza wafuasi wa Lumumba na kuwahakikishia kwamba alikuwa na nia ya kuwaunganisha wananchi, wafuasi wa Lumumba na wafuasi wake pamoja na wengine, ili wajenge taifa lenye amani na umoja kwa manufaa ya wananchi wote.

Bomboko alipokwenda Brazzaville, ng'ambo ya Mto wa Kongo kutoka Kinshasa, alikutana na raisi wa Congo-Brazzaville, Marien Ngouabi. Ngouabi alikuwa na mashaka sana na ahadi aliyopewa na Bomboko kwamba Mulele akirudi nyumbani, Congo-Kinshasa, atakuwa salama. Hawatamdhuru. Mulele pia alikuwa na mashaka ingawa alifahamiana na Bomboko tangu walipokuwa mawaziri pamoja katika serikali ya Lumumba. Ngouabi alisisitiza Bomboko aweke ahadi hiyo katika maandishi na kuweka sahihi yake kuthibitisha aliyosema ni ukweli mtupu.

Bomboko aliongopa. Lakini alijua Mulele atamwamini, na labda atakubali kurudi Congo-Kinshasa, kwa sababu walifahamiana wakiwa mawaziri pamoja katika serikali ya Lumumba. Mulele aliporudi Kinshasa, aliteswa sana na kuuawa kinyama siku ifwatayo, 9 October 1968. Walinyofoa macho yake na kukata sehemu zake za siri, miguu na mikono na sehemu zingine vipande vipande, bado akiwa hai, na kutupa mwili wake (vipande mbalimbali) katika Mto wa Kongo kuliwa na mamba. According to Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents 1968 – 1969:

"The effectiveness of the President's (Mobutu's) administration was reflected in August (1968) by the release of all its political prisoners, including M. Godefroid Munongo, right-hand man of the former President Tshombe (he briefly served as president of secessionsit Katanga and prime minister of Congo-Leopoldville). The officially-stated purpose of the amnesty was to facilitate national reconciliation.

One of the serious consequences of this amnesty, whether deliberately designed or not, was the subsequent execution of M. Pierre Mulele, the 39-year old guerilla leader of Kwilu Province from 1963 – 4, who was in exile in neighbouring Congo Republic at the time. M. Bomboko crossed the Congo River four times to urge M. Mulele to leave Barazzaville and to take advantage of the amnesty.

In an interview with M. Bomboko on 29 September – the day M. Mulele had agreed to return to Kinshasa on General Mobutu's Presidential yatch – Radio Brazzaville quoted the Foreign Minister as saying that Mulele believed the present Congolese regime was following Lumumba's ideal, so he now wished to take part in the country's current fight for economic independence.

The Kinshasa radio announced on the same day that Mulele's safety was assured by the government which was working towards national reconciliation. Signed assurances had been given to the Brazzaville authorities, who were thus convinced that the amnesty would apply to Mulele.

On his arrival in Kinshasa, Mulele was received with all the honours due to his former office as Lumumba's Minister of Education. A reception was arranged in his honour at the residence of the Army Commander, General Louis de Gonzague Bobozo. There was no hint of a reprisal until President Mobutu's return from an official visit to Morocco when he announced that 'the Amnesty Decree was not intended to rehabilitate the rebel leaders who killed, burned and plunged whole regions into misery', adding that Mulele would be tried as a 'war criminal'. Before a military tribunal in camera, and without legal representation, Mulele was condemned to death on 8 October and executed on the following day.

The shocked reaction from Brazzaville was to sever diplomatic relations immediately with the Kinshasa government: the border between the two countries was closed on 11 October, and traffic across the river ceased. The chairman of the Congo Republic's National Revolutionary Council, Major Ngouabi, said that his government was 'deeply offended in its dignity and honour by the bad faith and treachery of the Kinshasa government'.

M. Bomboko was immediately dispatched by President Mobutu to Chad and the Central African Republic (co-members of the Union of Central African States) to explain the reason for the execution. Bomboko was reported to have said that there was a guerilla training camp in the Congo Republic where, with the aid of Cubans and Chinese, Africans were being trained to overthrow the government in Central Africa. The Heads of these two countries supported the action taken, describing Mulele as a 'war criminal sentenced in conformity with the laws of his country'.

There is good reason to suppose that the events were substantially different from those officially given. According to one reliable version President Mobutu had been perfectly genuine in his intentions to honour the terms of Mulele's return. However, after Mulele's official reception, and in the temporary absence of the President from the Congo, elements in the army – particularly officers from the Kwilu area where Mulele's rebel forces had operated – took the law into their own hands and killed him. This posed a difficult crisis for the President. If he admitted the facts, it would have cast doubt on his authority over the army, and it would necessitate his punishing those officers responsible. This would not have been popular with the army, and could have created a serious military split which would have upset the President's plans to consolidate his rule. His way out of the dilemma was to accept personal responsibility - despite the shock to the African neighbours and to international opinion – and to publish to the world an account which conformed to the army's wishes but not to those of his civilian Ministers. But whatever the truth, it was an unpalatable affair which showed that the President cannot expect automatic obedience from the Army and that he is by no means strong enough to face a major political row with them without serious consequences.

In February (1969), anti-Mobutu leaflets bearing the words 'down with Mobutu, lackey of imperialism' and 'long live Mao-Tse Tung, great saviour in the Congo Democratic Republic' were distributed in Kinshasa on the President's return from a tour of neighbouring countries. Similar leaflets were circulated in January on the seventh anniversary of the death of M. Patrice Lumumba, the Congo's first Prime Minister....

President Mobutu responded to these events by concentrating authority in the hands of the Central Government." – (Colin Legum and John Drysdale, eds., Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents 1968 – 1969, London: Africa House, Africa Research Limited, 1969, pp. 441 – 443).

Mobutu lured Mulele to Kinshasa to execute him. Hakuwa tayari hata kidogo kushirikiana na Mulele, Lumumba's heir apparent. Viongozi wengine ambao walikuwa ni wafuasi wa Lumumba hawakusamehewa na Mobutu. Kwa nini amsamehe Mulele who posed the biggest threat to him among all Lumumbists? He was the most influential leader among them. Hata kabla ya kwenda Morocco, Mobutu alisema katika hotuba yake Kinshasa kwamba Mulele ni adui mkubwa ambaye hastahili kusamehewa kama wengine (ambao pia hakuwasamehe). Halafu ghafla akageuka na kumsamehe? Alimwekea mtego, akamnasa.

Kabla ya hapo, Mobutu aliwaua viongozi wengine pamoja na Evariste Kimba aliyewahi kuwa waziri mkuu katika serikali ya Raisi Joseph Kasavubu. Kasavubu na Kimba walipnduliwa na Mobutu November 1965. Kimba alinyongwa Kinshasa, June 1966, pamoja na mawaziri mbalimbali mbele ya maelfu ya watu ambao walizidi laki moja. Akaendelea kuua wengine miaka iliyofuata, pamoja na kummaliza Mulele.
 
I salute you for this contribution mkuu.
 
Jamaa alikuwa mtu mkatili sana,asante mkuu kwa history uliyotupatia
Ukichunguza viongozi waliokuwa wakatili hawakujiamini, ninadhani Mobutu kuanzia mwanzo alishajua hawezi kufikia hata robo ya uwezo wa Lumumba na ukatili ilikuwa njia ya kujihami.
 
Ukichunguza viongozi waliokuwa wakatili hawakujiamini, ninadhani Mobutu kuanzia mwanzo alishajua hawezi kufikia hata robo ya uwezo wa Lumumba na ukatili ilikuwa njia ya kujihami.
Uko sahihi kabisa mkuu ilikuwa ili aendelee kutawala ni lazima awaangamize wale wote alioona wanaushawishi mkubwa katika jamii
 
Uko sahihi kabisa mkuu ilikuwa ili aendelee kutawala ni lazima awaangamize wale wote alioona wanaushawishi mkubwa katika jamii
Kitu ambacho ninashindwa kuelewa ni ufujaji wake wa pesa wakati raia wanakufa kwa njaa.
 
Kitu ambacho ninashindwa kuelewa ni ufujaji wake wa pesa wakati raia wanakufa kwa njaa.
Huyu mtu alikuwa hashauriki yaani alkuwa hafai hata kulumangia kwa ugali,aliokuwa anawatambua kuwa ni raia ni ile wale watu waliokuwa wanamzunguka na wengi wao walikuwa ni wale waliotoka katika kabila lake.Hao ndio aliwapa vyeo ili wamtukuze na kuendelea kuubariki uongozi wake wa mkono wa chuma
 
Inasikitisha sana, utajiri wote wa Zaire umenufaisha wachache, unajua utajiri wa Ubelgiji ni kutoka Zaire wakati wazaliwa wake wengi hata nyumba bora hawana.
 
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