Hili halina UKWELI WOWOTE ule: Hizi ni Propaganda kuwakamata wasiofahamu.
Ungekuwa umesoma MIGA Treaty 1985 (As Amended in 2010) nadhani tusingeaminishwa mambo ambayo hayapo. Hili ndiyo lile tatizo ambalo watu hulisema kwamba "Ukitaka kumficha Mwafrika kitu basi weka kwenye kitabu"
HAYA TWENDE NA USHAHIDI WA KITAALAMU:
Multi-Lateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) ni nini ???
Hiki ni chombo kilichoundwa chini ya World Bank Group, kupitia mkataba wa kimataifa wa mwaka 1985 ili kutoa BIMA (INSURANCE) kwa wawekezaji kutokana na hasara zisizo za kibiashara (Non-Commercial Risks) ambazo wawekezaji watazipata katika uwekezaji ndani ya mataifa yanayoendelea.
IBARA YA 11 inazungumzia mambo ambayo MIGA inayalinda (Covered Risks):
a. Currency Transer (Unconvertability of Currency)
b. Expropriation and Similar Measures
c. Breach of Contract
d. War and Civil Disturbance.
Sasa haya yote Tanzania hayakuwepo wakati Mheshimiwa Tundu Lissu anaturopokea na kuleta taharuki isiyo na msingi ndani ya TAIFA. Hata kama angesema kulikuwa na UVUNJIFU WA MKATABA (Breach of Contract), bado MIGA haikuwa na mamlaka ya kusikiliza chochote kwasababu ili kesi ya UVUNJIFU WA MKATABA (Breach of Contract) ni lazima vigezo vitatu vitimizwe:
Mosi, kigezo cha kwanza ni lazima mwekezaji awe amekosa kabisa ndiyo ya madai yake kusikilizwa mahakamani. AU. katika lugha ya kiingereza tunasema "the holder of a guarantee does not have recourse to a judicial or arbitral forum to determine the claim of repudiation or breach", or
Pili, kigezo cha pili ni kwamba mwekezaji amepeleka kesi mahakamani lakini inachelewa kusikilizwa hivyo anazidi kupata hasara. AU. katika lugha ya kiingereza tunasema "a decision by such forum is not rendered within such reasonable period of time as shall be prescribed in the contracts of guarantee pursuant to the Agency's regulations", or
Tatu, maamuzi ya mahakama hayatakelezeki. AU. katika lugha ya kiingereza tunasema "such a decision cannot be enforced"
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SASA TANZANIA: Alichokifanya Mzee John Pombe Magufuli kilikuwa ndani kabisa ya mamlaka ya nchi (Host State) kwenye kufuatilia utekelezaji wa mikataba (Monitoring of Contract). Tanzania haikunyang'anya mali yoyote ile zaidi zaidi tulitaka kukagua makinikia (Concentrates).
KUSEMA HAKUKUWA NA KESI NI WONGO: Acacia walianza wenyewe matatizo kwa kwenda kufungua kesi Uingereza kwenye jiji la London chini ya mahakama ya usuluhisi iitwayo, The London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA). Hoja zao za msingi zilijikita kwenye yamkini (Likelihood) na siyo hasara (Actual Damage), kwamba kitendo cha Raisi John Pombe Magufulu kuwasingizia wao wanaiba madini kimesababisha hisa zao zishuke na kuwatishia wawekezaji.
TANZANIA ILIANDAA MAJIBU YA KISHERIA: Majibu ya hoja (Pleadings) za Tanzania ziliandaliwa na Professor Bonaventure Rutinwa, msomi wa Oxford University ambaye alizipeleka Ikulu zikajaa chumba kizima. Zilisafirishwa vizuri tu.
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Kuhusu mazungumzo basi nalo hilo halina ukweli wowote. Kesi ilikuwa LCIA, na ikatolewa huko kwasababu, mosi aliyefungua hiyo kesi ACACIA siyo kampuni liliwahi kusajiliwa popote hapa Tanzania, hivyo lilikuwa linafanya kazi kinyemela. Mmiliki mkubwa wa ACACIA kwa zaidi ya asilimia 50% ni BARRICK, ambaye hakufungua kesi, na alikiri kwamba walifanya makosa hivyo ACACIA atoke azungumze yeye kwa masharti kwamba madai ya kodi ya Tanzania yafutwe.
SASA Tanzania ishitakiwe MIGA na ACACIA, kampuni ambalo halijasiliwa (No Certificate of Compliance) hapa Tanzania kweli ??
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JAMBO JINGINE LA KISHERIA KUHUSU (MIGA) ambalo wengi wenu hamlijui ni kwamba kwenda MIGA siyo haki ya moja kwa moja (AUTOMATIC RIGHT) kwasababu tu wewe ni mwanachama wa mkataba wa MIGA 1985 (As Amended in 2010). Kinachofanyika ni kwamba mwekezaji anavyokuja kuwekeza ni lazima kwanza nchi (Host State) ikubali kusaini mkataba mwingine wa BIMA (INSURANCE) kwenye uwekezaji husika. SIYO KILA UWEKEZAJI UNAKUWA NA BIMA.
Usiposaini haya makubaliano ya BIMA (INSURANCE) au nchi (Host State) ikakataa kutambia hiyo BIMA basi hilo ni suala jingine kabisa. MIGA inafanya kazi kama BIMA nyingine tu. Hili nalolisema limezungumzwa kwenye IBARA YA 15 ya MIGA Treaty (As Amended in 2010) ambapo inasema hivi:
"The Agency shall not conclude any contract of guarantee before the host government has approved the issuance of the guarantee by the Agency against the risks designated for cover"
SASA BASI: Tutawaona ninyi ni WAUNGWANA endapo tungeonyeshwa mkataba wa BIMA (INSURANCE CONTRACT) ambao ACACIA, MIGA na TANZANIA, iliingia kutoa hakikisho kwamba endapo itapatikana hasara isiyo ya kibiashara basi MIGA itamlipa ACACIA, kisha MIGA itamdai fidia Tanzania. Bila kuleta huo ushahidi, huu utakuwa ni ufedhuli, uzandiki, uropokaji, misifa ya kijinga, hujuma na kujilisha upepo.
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MWISHO KABISA: MIGA kama zilivyo BIMA (INSURANCE COVERAGE) nyingine, huwa zinafanya kazi kupitia kanuni iitwayo (The PRINCIPLE OF SUBROGATION), ambayo husema kwamba, "Kampuni la kodi, litafidia hasara kwa mteja na lenyewe litamdai yule aliyesababisha hasara" Ndani ya mkataba wa MIGA hii kanuni imetajwa kwenye IBARA YA 18 (a), na inasema hivi:
"Upon paying or agreeing to pay compensation to holder of a guarantee, the Agency shall be subrogated to such rights or claims related to the guaranteed investment as the holder of a guarantee may have had against the host country and other obligors. The contract of guarantee shall provide the terms and conditions of such subrogation"
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JAMBO JINGINE NILATAKA KUSAHAU kuhusu MIGA: MIGA yenyewe huwa haidai mataifa kwasababu mara nyingine bei ya BIMA huwa inakuwa kubwa mno kiasi cha kwamba hata wao wenyewe hawawezi kulipa. Hivyo wanachofanya ni kitu kitaiwa REINSURANCE, ambapo wanahamishia wajibu kwa mashirika binafsi mengine ya BIMA ambayo yatasaidia kulipa na kudai nchi husika. Hili nalo ni lazima liandaliwa mikataba ambayo nchi (Host States) ina nguvu ya kuridhia au kukataa. Soma IBARA YA 18 ya MIGA Treaty, utaelewa.
FYI: Kusaini mkataba wa MIGA hakumfanyi mwekezaji kupeleka kila kesi MIGA. Kuna mashirika kibao ambayo yanatoa BIMA (INSURANCE COVER) kwa wawekezaji. Mfano, WAWEKEZAJI WOTE KUTOKA, USA, walikuwa wanatumia chombo chao kiitwacho OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION (OPIC) kilichoanzishwa mwaka 1971, na Raisi Richard Nixon. MIGA Treaty 1985 (As Amended in 2010) imeiga kila kitu kutoka OPIC.
Tena uzuri wa STATE-FUNDED INSURANCE ni kwamba hutoa BIMA (INSURANCE COVER) kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini (20) tofauti na taasisi kama MIGA au taasisi nyingine binafsi. Lakini, pia wawekazaji wengine huweza kutumia hata Bilateral Investment Treaty, ambapo inasema bayana kabisa kwamba BIMA itatolewa na serikali fulani ya Ulaya au Marekani. Ujerumani, wana chombo chao nje ya MIGA na wanakitumia sana kutoa BIMA (INSURANCE COVER) nzuri mno kwa wawekezaji ambao wanaenda kuwekeza kwenye nchi ambazo zimesaini BIT na Ujerumani.
Mfano mwingine, uwekezaji kama ule wa DP WORLD, unaweza usikatiwe BIMA (INSURANCE COVER) ya MIGA, bali wao Middle-East hutumia chombo chao kingine tena kisa mapesa kwelikweli kwasababu ya uwekezaji mkubwa mafuta na gesi, kiitwacho INTER-ARAB INVESTMENT GUARANTEE CORPORATION. Sasa hili nalo litategemea Tanzania (Host State) kukubali kutambua huwa mkataba ili haki ya kisheria ya SUBROGATION ifanye kazi. Bila hivyo TUTAKWENDA TU, Mahakamani (TRIBUNAL)
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Hivyo WAHESHIMIWA, sisi WASWAHILI husema hivi "ZA KUAMBIWA CHANGANYA NA ZAKO". Ndugu Lissu aliwalisha matango pori, mkakasirika kwelikweli ilhali hamkuwa na taarifa sahihi za kinachoendelea. Tena taarifa sahihi za kisheria ya jinsi gani MIGA na BIMA za UWEKEZAJI zinafanya kazi.
AKILI KUMUKICHWA itakuepusha KUBAKWA KIMAWAZO na WANASIASA WETU HAWA.
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