Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Chanzo, Dalili na Kinga/Tiba yake
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Chanzo, Dalili na Kinga/Tiba yake
- Thread starter JamiiForums
- Start date
ng'wanankamba
JF-Expert Member
- Dec 15, 2010
- 346
- 120
Pia azingatie usafi. Anawe sehemu zake za siri vizuri kabla na baada tu ya kumaliza tendo la ndoa.
Prishaz
JF-Expert Member
- Nov 18, 2011
- 2,898
- 5,020
Pole sana wewe na mpenzi wako,pamoja na kwenda kufanya check up ya uhakika ili kujua treatment nzuri ni ipi, pia azingatie usafi sana wakati wa bleed, afuate style nzuri ya kuchamba wakati wa haja kubwa hii inachangia sana kupata UTI kama hazingatii namna nzuri ya kujiswafi,bila kusahau rough sex nayo inachangia kupata UTI,pia anywe maji ya kutosha... so u need to be careful sana rafiki.
li sheng
Member
- Sep 11, 2008
- 46
- 23
UTI= Urinary Tract Infection ni ugonjwa unaoambatana na mfumo mzima wa njia ya mkojo kutokea kwenye mafigo, mirija ya mkojo (ureter), kibofu, tunda (prostate gland ) na njia ya kupitia mkojo kwenye uume (urethra)
Hivyo sababu huambatana na chanzo cha tatizo katika mojawapo ya sehemu husika, Mfano:
1. Ugonjwa wa sukari hufanya kiwango cha sukari kuwa kikubwa kwenye damu kwa vile mafigo kazi yake ni kuchuja damu hivyo ni kusema sukari huingia kwa wingi kiasi cha kusababisha vidudu bakteria kuzaliana kwa wingi kwenye mafigo au kibofu cha mkojo.
2. Madawa /sumu huchubua utando wa njia ya mkojo na kusababisha bacteria kuzaliana
3. Matatizo ya vijiwe kwenye figo/ mirija ya mkojo, kibofu, hufanya msongomano wa mkojo na Vijidudu huzaliana.
4. Maradhi ya Tunda Prostate gland huvimba na kufunga njia ya mkojo matokeo yake kuuzuia na kuuweka mkojo mda mrefu kwenye kibofu mpaka bacteria kuzaliana.
5. Tendo la ndoa, sexual intercouse unapata vijidudu moja kwa moja kutoka kwa mwanamke mwenye uambukizo
6. Kujichua, tendo hili mara nyingi watu hutumia mafuta au sabuni ambazo huwa zina kemikali zinazopenya kwenye mrija wa mkojo huwasha na kusababisha vidonda ambayo bacteria hukua na kazaliana
7. Usafi, aidha kwa kujikamua sana baada kukojoa, kutawaza maji machafu kutokuwa na hali ya unadhifu, huko chini kuna vijidudu ambavyo huishi baina ya njia ya haja kubwa na makorodani kutokana na hali ya ujoto humea vizuri na hupata nafasi ya kukuingia kwenye mirija kama utakuwa huna tabia ya kuwapunguza kwa usafi.
Natumai nimejaribu kukutajia sababu kuu muhimu katika mazingira ya kawaida huenda zikakusaidia kukata kiu yako.
Asante
Hivyo sababu huambatana na chanzo cha tatizo katika mojawapo ya sehemu husika, Mfano:
1. Ugonjwa wa sukari hufanya kiwango cha sukari kuwa kikubwa kwenye damu kwa vile mafigo kazi yake ni kuchuja damu hivyo ni kusema sukari huingia kwa wingi kiasi cha kusababisha vidudu bakteria kuzaliana kwa wingi kwenye mafigo au kibofu cha mkojo.
2. Madawa /sumu huchubua utando wa njia ya mkojo na kusababisha bacteria kuzaliana
3. Matatizo ya vijiwe kwenye figo/ mirija ya mkojo, kibofu, hufanya msongomano wa mkojo na Vijidudu huzaliana.
4. Maradhi ya Tunda Prostate gland huvimba na kufunga njia ya mkojo matokeo yake kuuzuia na kuuweka mkojo mda mrefu kwenye kibofu mpaka bacteria kuzaliana.
5. Tendo la ndoa, sexual intercouse unapata vijidudu moja kwa moja kutoka kwa mwanamke mwenye uambukizo
6. Kujichua, tendo hili mara nyingi watu hutumia mafuta au sabuni ambazo huwa zina kemikali zinazopenya kwenye mrija wa mkojo huwasha na kusababisha vidonda ambayo bacteria hukua na kazaliana
7. Usafi, aidha kwa kujikamua sana baada kukojoa, kutawaza maji machafu kutokuwa na hali ya unadhifu, huko chini kuna vijidudu ambavyo huishi baina ya njia ya haja kubwa na makorodani kutokana na hali ya ujoto humea vizuri na hupata nafasi ya kukuingia kwenye mirija kama utakuwa huna tabia ya kuwapunguza kwa usafi.
Natumai nimejaribu kukutajia sababu kuu muhimu katika mazingira ya kawaida huenda zikakusaidia kukata kiu yako.
Asante
Shukran sana kwa ufafanuzi uliotulia -nini kifanyike ili kujikinga na ugonjwa huu ndugu zanguzi wadau-kinga nk.
li sheng
Member
- Sep 11, 2008
- 46
- 23
Sorry kwa kuchelewa kukujibu,mambo ya ubizi.
kinga ndugu yangu inaambatana na sababu za maradhi kama nilivyozieleza hapo juu, ila cha msingi ni pale unapopata tiba ni jambo la msingi Mtabibu / daktari kutafuta sababu ilipelekea tatizo hilo na sio kutibu dalili tu au kufata kipimo cha mkojo pekee, panahitajika ufatiliaji wa kina na kutibu sababu ya msingi, na kujiepusha na yale mambo yanayoweza kuzua mfumuko mwengine (predisposing factors)wa UTI mfano kunywa maji ya kutosha, kutojizuilia mkojo muda mrefu, kujisafisha baada tendo la ndoa, nk nk, jengine ni kujitibu mapema na kujifatilia /follow up mana unaweza kukaribisha compilication za UTI kama hutatibika kikamilifu ni vizuri kuongea na Daktari vya kutosha anapokutibu, atakusaidia njia ipi ilo bora kwako kujikinga kutokana na sababu aloigundua.
Asante
kinga ndugu yangu inaambatana na sababu za maradhi kama nilivyozieleza hapo juu, ila cha msingi ni pale unapopata tiba ni jambo la msingi Mtabibu / daktari kutafuta sababu ilipelekea tatizo hilo na sio kutibu dalili tu au kufata kipimo cha mkojo pekee, panahitajika ufatiliaji wa kina na kutibu sababu ya msingi, na kujiepusha na yale mambo yanayoweza kuzua mfumuko mwengine (predisposing factors)wa UTI mfano kunywa maji ya kutosha, kutojizuilia mkojo muda mrefu, kujisafisha baada tendo la ndoa, nk nk, jengine ni kujitibu mapema na kujifatilia /follow up mana unaweza kukaribisha compilication za UTI kama hutatibika kikamilifu ni vizuri kuongea na Daktari vya kutosha anapokutibu, atakusaidia njia ipi ilo bora kwako kujikinga kutokana na sababu aloigundua.
Asante
Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
UNAWEZA KUDHIBITI U.T.I MWENYEWE..!
U.T.I ni ugonjwa sugu unaosumbua sana watu wengi hivi sasa, wakubwa kwa wadogo. U.T.I (Urinary tract Infection) ni ugonjwa unaoathiri njia ya mkojo na huweza kusababisha maumivu makali na unapojiimarisha mwilini kwa muda mrefu huathiri figo pia. Dalili za ugonjwa huu ni pamoja na mtu kusikia haja ya kukojoa kila wakati na kusisimka wakati wa kujisaidia, kusikia maumivu, kutoa mkojo mchafu na hata kutoa haja ndogo iliyochanganyika na damu.
Wataalamu wetu wa masuala ya tiba wanatueleza kuwa tatizo hili hujitokeza pale mlango wa njia ya haja ndogo inaposhambuliwa na bakteria ambao husambaa na wasipotibiwa mapema huenea hadi kwenye figo na athari zake ni mbaya.
UNAWEZA KUDHIBITI U.T.I KWA TIBA MBADALA
Kwa kawaida kila ungonjwa una tiba mbadala, siyo lazima kwenda hospitali. Unaweza kuudhibiti au kuponya ugonjwa huu kwa kunywa maji mengi pamoja na juisi itokanayo na matunda halisi, iwapo utawahi kabla tatizo halijawa sugu.
Kwa maana nyingine, unaweza kujikinga na ugonjwa huu kwa kuwa na mazoea ya kunywa maji ya kutosha kila siku. Ukinywa maji ya kutosha yatakufanya uende haja ndogo kila mara na kwa njia hiyo wale bakteria watakuwa wakitoka na hatimaye kuisha kabisa. Aidha, njia nyingine ya kuudhibitibi ugonjwa huu ni kunywa maji mengi au kwenda haja ndogo mara baada ya kufanya tendo la ndoa, kitendo hiki husaidia kuwaondoa mapema bakteria wote ulioambukizwa wakati wa kujamiiana na mwenzio.
Katika hali ya kawaida, ugonjwa wa UTI hutoweka ndani ya siku tatu mara baada ya kuanza kutumia tiba asili ya kunywa maji mengi na juisi ya matunda halisi, iwapo ugonjwa utaendelea kuwepo baada ya siku hizo, hiyo itakuwa na maana ugonjwa wako umeshakomaa na hivyo hauwezi kutibika kwa tiba hii ya nyumbani.
Katika hali kama hii, utakuwa huna njia nyingine isipokuwa kwenda hospitalini na kuonana na daktari ambaye atakufanyia uchunguzi na kukupatia dozi sahihi ambayo utatakiwa kuizingatia bila kukosa. Uamuzi huu ni muhimu hasa kama unasikia maumivu makali ambayo yanaweza kuwa yanasababishwa na kuathirika kwa figo. Kwa kawaida tiba ya kidaktari kwa ugonjwa huu huhusisha matumizi ya dawa kali za ‘antibiotics', ambazo watu wengi wanazikimbia kutokana na athari zake za baadae (side effects). Lakini ni muhimu kufuata ushauri wa dokta na ****liza dozi ili kuepuka uwezekano wa kurejea kwa ugonjwa, tena kwa kasi kubwa.
KUZUIA
Ili kujiepusha na ugonjwa huu, suala la usafi na kuwa na tabia ya kunywa maji ya kutosha ni jambo muhimu sana. Hakikisha unajisafisha vizuri mara baada ya kwenda haja na kubadilisha mara kwa mara nguo yako ya ndani, hasa kwa akina mama.
Vile vile usikae na haja ndogo kwa muda mrefu, nenda kajisaidie mara nyingi kadri unavyosikia kufanya hivyo. Kitu cha mwisho cha kuzingatia kwa mgonjwa wa UTI ni kupunguza unywaji wa pombe na vinywaji vingine vyenye sukari, kwa sababu sukari ni chakula cha bakteria hivyo kwa kuendelea kunywa kinywaji chenye sukari kutaifanya hali kuendelea kuwa mbaya. Ugonjwa huu ni rahisi kuepuka kwa mtu anayependa kunywa maji ya kutosha na kunywa juisi halisi kila siku.
DAYATI MUHIMU KUDHIBITI UTI
Katika kuudhibiti ugonjwa huu, pendelea kula vyakula ama vinywaji vyenye kiwango kikubwa cha vitamini C ambayo utakipata kwenye matunda ya aina mbalimbali yakiwemo machungwa, mboga za majani n.k. Jiepushe na ulaji wa vyakula vya ‘kupaki' kama vile ‘chizi', chokoleti na bidhaa nyingine zilizotengenezwa kutokana na maziwa. Pia jiepushe na ulaji wa vyakula vyenye viungo vingi kama pilau, epuka vyinywaji vyenye ‘caffeine', kilevi na sigara na mwisho achana na vinywaji kama soda na vinavyofanana na soda
U.T.I ni ugonjwa sugu unaosumbua sana watu wengi hivi sasa, wakubwa kwa wadogo. U.T.I (Urinary tract Infection) ni ugonjwa unaoathiri njia ya mkojo na huweza kusababisha maumivu makali na unapojiimarisha mwilini kwa muda mrefu huathiri figo pia. Dalili za ugonjwa huu ni pamoja na mtu kusikia haja ya kukojoa kila wakati na kusisimka wakati wa kujisaidia, kusikia maumivu, kutoa mkojo mchafu na hata kutoa haja ndogo iliyochanganyika na damu.
Wataalamu wetu wa masuala ya tiba wanatueleza kuwa tatizo hili hujitokeza pale mlango wa njia ya haja ndogo inaposhambuliwa na bakteria ambao husambaa na wasipotibiwa mapema huenea hadi kwenye figo na athari zake ni mbaya.
UNAWEZA KUDHIBITI U.T.I KWA TIBA MBADALA
Kwa kawaida kila ungonjwa una tiba mbadala, siyo lazima kwenda hospitali. Unaweza kuudhibiti au kuponya ugonjwa huu kwa kunywa maji mengi pamoja na juisi itokanayo na matunda halisi, iwapo utawahi kabla tatizo halijawa sugu.
Kwa maana nyingine, unaweza kujikinga na ugonjwa huu kwa kuwa na mazoea ya kunywa maji ya kutosha kila siku. Ukinywa maji ya kutosha yatakufanya uende haja ndogo kila mara na kwa njia hiyo wale bakteria watakuwa wakitoka na hatimaye kuisha kabisa. Aidha, njia nyingine ya kuudhibitibi ugonjwa huu ni kunywa maji mengi au kwenda haja ndogo mara baada ya kufanya tendo la ndoa, kitendo hiki husaidia kuwaondoa mapema bakteria wote ulioambukizwa wakati wa kujamiiana na mwenzio.
Katika hali ya kawaida, ugonjwa wa UTI hutoweka ndani ya siku tatu mara baada ya kuanza kutumia tiba asili ya kunywa maji mengi na juisi ya matunda halisi, iwapo ugonjwa utaendelea kuwepo baada ya siku hizo, hiyo itakuwa na maana ugonjwa wako umeshakomaa na hivyo hauwezi kutibika kwa tiba hii ya nyumbani.
Katika hali kama hii, utakuwa huna njia nyingine isipokuwa kwenda hospitalini na kuonana na daktari ambaye atakufanyia uchunguzi na kukupatia dozi sahihi ambayo utatakiwa kuizingatia bila kukosa. Uamuzi huu ni muhimu hasa kama unasikia maumivu makali ambayo yanaweza kuwa yanasababishwa na kuathirika kwa figo. Kwa kawaida tiba ya kidaktari kwa ugonjwa huu huhusisha matumizi ya dawa kali za ‘antibiotics', ambazo watu wengi wanazikimbia kutokana na athari zake za baadae (side effects). Lakini ni muhimu kufuata ushauri wa dokta na ****liza dozi ili kuepuka uwezekano wa kurejea kwa ugonjwa, tena kwa kasi kubwa.
KUZUIA
Ili kujiepusha na ugonjwa huu, suala la usafi na kuwa na tabia ya kunywa maji ya kutosha ni jambo muhimu sana. Hakikisha unajisafisha vizuri mara baada ya kwenda haja na kubadilisha mara kwa mara nguo yako ya ndani, hasa kwa akina mama.
Vile vile usikae na haja ndogo kwa muda mrefu, nenda kajisaidie mara nyingi kadri unavyosikia kufanya hivyo. Kitu cha mwisho cha kuzingatia kwa mgonjwa wa UTI ni kupunguza unywaji wa pombe na vinywaji vingine vyenye sukari, kwa sababu sukari ni chakula cha bakteria hivyo kwa kuendelea kunywa kinywaji chenye sukari kutaifanya hali kuendelea kuwa mbaya. Ugonjwa huu ni rahisi kuepuka kwa mtu anayependa kunywa maji ya kutosha na kunywa juisi halisi kila siku.
DAYATI MUHIMU KUDHIBITI UTI
Katika kuudhibiti ugonjwa huu, pendelea kula vyakula ama vinywaji vyenye kiwango kikubwa cha vitamini C ambayo utakipata kwenye matunda ya aina mbalimbali yakiwemo machungwa, mboga za majani n.k. Jiepushe na ulaji wa vyakula vya ‘kupaki' kama vile ‘chizi', chokoleti na bidhaa nyingine zilizotengenezwa kutokana na maziwa. Pia jiepushe na ulaji wa vyakula vyenye viungo vingi kama pilau, epuka vyinywaji vyenye ‘caffeine', kilevi na sigara na mwisho achana na vinywaji kama soda na vinavyofanana na soda
Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
Urinary tract infection (UTI) facts
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of the urethra, bladder, ureters, or the kidneys, which comprise the urinary tract.
E. coli bacteria cause the majority of UTIs, but many other bacteria, fungi, and parasites may also cause UTIs.
Females have a higher risk for UTIs than most males, probably because of their anatomy; other risk factors for UTIs include any condition that may impede urine flow (e.g., enlarged prostate, congenital urinary tract abnormalities, and inflammation). Patients with catheters or those who undergo urinary surgery and men with enlarged prostates are at higher risk for UTIs.
Symptoms and signs of UTI vary somewhat depending on sex, age, and the area of the urinary tract that is infected; some unique symptoms develop depending on the infecting agent.
UTIs are diagnosed usually by isolating and identifying the urinary pathogen from the patient; there are some home tests available for presumptive diagnosis.
There are home remedies for UTI, but most may, at best, help reduce the risk or discomfort of UTIs. They are not considered cures for the disease.
There can be many complications of urinary tract infections, including dehydration, sepsis, kidney failure, and death.
If treated early and adequately, the prognosis is good for most patients with a UTI.
Although there is no vaccine available for UTIs, there are many ways a person may reduce the chance of getting a UTI.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
The urinary tract is comprised of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra (see Figure 1). A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by pathogenic organisms (for example, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in any of the structures that comprise the urinary tract. However, this is the broad definition of urinary tract infections; many authors prefer to use more specific terms that localize the urinary tract infection to the major structural segment involved such as urethritis (urethral infection), cystitis (bladder infection), ureter infection, and pyelonephritis (kidney infection). Other structures that eventually connect to or share close anatomic proximity to the urinary tract (for example, prostate, epididymis, and vagina) are sometimes included in the discussion of UTIs because they may either cause or be caused by UTIs. Technically, they are not UTIs and will be only be briefly mentioned in this article.
UTIs are common, leading to between seven and 10 million doctor visits per year. Although some infections go unnoticed, UTIs can cause problems that range from dysuria (pain and/or burning when urinating) to organ damage and even death. The kidneys are the active organs that produce about 1.5 quarts of urine per day. They help keep electrolytes and fluids (for example, potassium, sodium and water) in balance, assist in the removal of waste products (urea), and produce a hormone that aids in the formation of red blood cells. If kidneys are injured or destroyed by infection, these vital functions can be damaged or lost.
While most investigators state that UTIs are not transmitted from person to person, other investigators dispute this and say UTIs may be contagious and recommend that sex partners avoid relations until the UTI has cleared. There is general agreement that sexual intercourse can cause a UTI. This is mostly thought to be a mechanical process whereby bacteria are introduced into the urinary tracts during the sexual act. There is no dispute about the transmission of UTIs caused by sexually transmitted disease (STD) organisms; these infections (for example, gonorrhea and chlamydia) are easily transmitted between sex partners and are very contagious. Some of the symptoms of UTIs and sexually transmitted diseases can be similar (pain and foul smell).
Figure 1. Picture of the urinary tract structures
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections of the urethra, bladder, ureters, or the kidneys, which comprise the urinary tract.
E. coli bacteria cause the majority of UTIs, but many other bacteria, fungi, and parasites may also cause UTIs.
Females have a higher risk for UTIs than most males, probably because of their anatomy; other risk factors for UTIs include any condition that may impede urine flow (e.g., enlarged prostate, congenital urinary tract abnormalities, and inflammation). Patients with catheters or those who undergo urinary surgery and men with enlarged prostates are at higher risk for UTIs.
Symptoms and signs of UTI vary somewhat depending on sex, age, and the area of the urinary tract that is infected; some unique symptoms develop depending on the infecting agent.
UTIs are diagnosed usually by isolating and identifying the urinary pathogen from the patient; there are some home tests available for presumptive diagnosis.
There are home remedies for UTI, but most may, at best, help reduce the risk or discomfort of UTIs. They are not considered cures for the disease.
There can be many complications of urinary tract infections, including dehydration, sepsis, kidney failure, and death.
If treated early and adequately, the prognosis is good for most patients with a UTI.
Although there is no vaccine available for UTIs, there are many ways a person may reduce the chance of getting a UTI.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
The urinary tract is comprised of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra (see Figure 1). A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by pathogenic organisms (for example, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in any of the structures that comprise the urinary tract. However, this is the broad definition of urinary tract infections; many authors prefer to use more specific terms that localize the urinary tract infection to the major structural segment involved such as urethritis (urethral infection), cystitis (bladder infection), ureter infection, and pyelonephritis (kidney infection). Other structures that eventually connect to or share close anatomic proximity to the urinary tract (for example, prostate, epididymis, and vagina) are sometimes included in the discussion of UTIs because they may either cause or be caused by UTIs. Technically, they are not UTIs and will be only be briefly mentioned in this article.
UTIs are common, leading to between seven and 10 million doctor visits per year. Although some infections go unnoticed, UTIs can cause problems that range from dysuria (pain and/or burning when urinating) to organ damage and even death. The kidneys are the active organs that produce about 1.5 quarts of urine per day. They help keep electrolytes and fluids (for example, potassium, sodium and water) in balance, assist in the removal of waste products (urea), and produce a hormone that aids in the formation of red blood cells. If kidneys are injured or destroyed by infection, these vital functions can be damaged or lost.
While most investigators state that UTIs are not transmitted from person to person, other investigators dispute this and say UTIs may be contagious and recommend that sex partners avoid relations until the UTI has cleared. There is general agreement that sexual intercourse can cause a UTI. This is mostly thought to be a mechanical process whereby bacteria are introduced into the urinary tracts during the sexual act. There is no dispute about the transmission of UTIs caused by sexually transmitted disease (STD) organisms; these infections (for example, gonorrhea and chlamydia) are easily transmitted between sex partners and are very contagious. Some of the symptoms of UTIs and sexually transmitted diseases can be similar (pain and foul smell).
Figure 1. Picture of the urinary tract structures
Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
What are urinary tract infection (UTI) risk factors?
There are many risk factors for UTIs. In general, any interruption or impedance of the usual flow of urine (about 50 cc per hour in normal adults) is a risk factor for a UTI. For example, kidney stones, urethral strictures, an enlarged prostate, or any anatomical abnormalities in the urinary tract increases infection risk. This is due in part to the
flushing or washout effect of flowing urine; in effect, the pathogens have to "go against flow" because the majority of pathogens enter through the urethra and have to go retrograde (against a barrier of urine flow in the urinary tract) to
reach the bladder, ureters, and eventually the kidneys. Many investigators suggest that women are far more susceptible than men to UTIs because their urethra is short and its exit (or entry for pathogens) is close to the anus and vagina, which can be sources of pathogens.
People who require catheters have an increased risk (about 30% of patients with indwelling catheters get UTIs) as the catheter has none of the protective immune systems to eliminate bacteria and offers a direct connection to the bladder. Catheters that are designed to reduce the incidence of catheter-related infections are available (they incorporate antibacterial substances into the catheter that suppress bacterial growth), but are not used by many clinicians because of short-termed effectiveness, cost, and concern about antibiotic resistance development in bacteria.
There are reports that suggest that women who use a diaphragm or who have partners that use condoms with spermicidal foam are at increased risk for UTIs. In addition, females who become sexually active seem to have a higher risk of UTI. The term, honeymoon cystitis, is sometimes applied to a UTI acquired either during the first sexual encounter or a UTI after a short interval of frequent sexual activity.
Men over the age of 60 have a higher risk for UTIs because many men at or above that age develop enlarged prostates that may cause slow and incomplete bladder emptying. In addition, older males and female populations have seen recent rises in STDs; this increase is thought to be due to this group not using condoms as frequently as younger age groups.
Occasionally, people with bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream) have the infecting bacteria lodge in the kidney; this is termed hematogenous spread. Similarly, people with infected areas that are connected to the urinary tract (for example, prostate, epididymis, or fistulas) are more likely to get a UTI. Additionally, patients who undergo urologic
surgery also have an increased risk of UTIs. Pregnancy does not apparently increase the risk of UTIs according to some clinicians; others think there is an increased risk between weeks six through 26 of the pregnancy. However,
most agree that if UTIs occur in pregnancy, the risk of the UTI progressing in seriousness to pyelonephritis is increased, according to several investigators. In addition, their baby may be premature and have a low birth weight. Patients with chronic diseases such as diabetics or those who are immunosuppressed (HIV or cancer patients) also are at higher risk for UTIs.
Somo kubwa Sana hili nitaendele siku nyingine naishia hapo kwa leo..........
There are many risk factors for UTIs. In general, any interruption or impedance of the usual flow of urine (about 50 cc per hour in normal adults) is a risk factor for a UTI. For example, kidney stones, urethral strictures, an enlarged prostate, or any anatomical abnormalities in the urinary tract increases infection risk. This is due in part to the
flushing or washout effect of flowing urine; in effect, the pathogens have to "go against flow" because the majority of pathogens enter through the urethra and have to go retrograde (against a barrier of urine flow in the urinary tract) to
reach the bladder, ureters, and eventually the kidneys. Many investigators suggest that women are far more susceptible than men to UTIs because their urethra is short and its exit (or entry for pathogens) is close to the anus and vagina, which can be sources of pathogens.
People who require catheters have an increased risk (about 30% of patients with indwelling catheters get UTIs) as the catheter has none of the protective immune systems to eliminate bacteria and offers a direct connection to the bladder. Catheters that are designed to reduce the incidence of catheter-related infections are available (they incorporate antibacterial substances into the catheter that suppress bacterial growth), but are not used by many clinicians because of short-termed effectiveness, cost, and concern about antibiotic resistance development in bacteria.
There are reports that suggest that women who use a diaphragm or who have partners that use condoms with spermicidal foam are at increased risk for UTIs. In addition, females who become sexually active seem to have a higher risk of UTI. The term, honeymoon cystitis, is sometimes applied to a UTI acquired either during the first sexual encounter or a UTI after a short interval of frequent sexual activity.
Men over the age of 60 have a higher risk for UTIs because many men at or above that age develop enlarged prostates that may cause slow and incomplete bladder emptying. In addition, older males and female populations have seen recent rises in STDs; this increase is thought to be due to this group not using condoms as frequently as younger age groups.
Occasionally, people with bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream) have the infecting bacteria lodge in the kidney; this is termed hematogenous spread. Similarly, people with infected areas that are connected to the urinary tract (for example, prostate, epididymis, or fistulas) are more likely to get a UTI. Additionally, patients who undergo urologic
surgery also have an increased risk of UTIs. Pregnancy does not apparently increase the risk of UTIs according to some clinicians; others think there is an increased risk between weeks six through 26 of the pregnancy. However,
most agree that if UTIs occur in pregnancy, the risk of the UTI progressing in seriousness to pyelonephritis is increased, according to several investigators. In addition, their baby may be premature and have a low birth weight. Patients with chronic diseases such as diabetics or those who are immunosuppressed (HIV or cancer patients) also are at higher risk for UTIs.
Somo kubwa Sana hili nitaendele siku nyingine naishia hapo kwa leo..........
Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
Maambukizi kwenye njia ya mkojo
Information Description
Wanawake na wanaume wanaweza kupata maambukizo kwenye njia ya mkojo, lakini zaidi kwa wanawake kwa sababu ni rahisi bakteria kuingia kwenye njia ya mkojo. Dalili za maambukizo ni:
Kutaka kukojoa mara kwa mara
Kusikia maumivu makali wakati wa kukojoa
Mkojo kuchanganyikana na damu.
Maambukizi haya yanaweza kuepukwa kwa kujiweka safi hasa kwa kusafisha eneo la via vya uzazi kila siku na kuhakikisha unanawa baada ya kwenda haja kubwa. Wakati wote unasafisha kutoka mbele kuelekea nyuma. Ukisafisha
kutoka nyuma kwenda mbele unaweza kusambaza bakteria kutoka kwenye haja kubwa kwenda kwenye tundu la
mkojo. Hatua nyingine za kuchukua ili kuepuka maambukizo haya ni kunywa maji mengi; kukojoa mkojo mara kwa mara (usijaribu kubana mkojo kwa muda mrefu) na hasa baada ya ujamiiana, na kuvaa chupi za pamba na nguo pana zinazoweka sehemu za siri kavu.
Iwapo unafikiri unayo maambukizo kwenye mrija wa kupitisha mkojo, kunywa maji mengi na nenda
kamwone mhudumu wa afya kwa ajili ya matibabu. Usijamiiane mpaka dalili zote ziwe zimetoweka.
Information Description
Wanawake na wanaume wanaweza kupata maambukizo kwenye njia ya mkojo, lakini zaidi kwa wanawake kwa sababu ni rahisi bakteria kuingia kwenye njia ya mkojo. Dalili za maambukizo ni:
Kutaka kukojoa mara kwa mara
Kusikia maumivu makali wakati wa kukojoa
Mkojo kuchanganyikana na damu.
Maambukizi haya yanaweza kuepukwa kwa kujiweka safi hasa kwa kusafisha eneo la via vya uzazi kila siku na kuhakikisha unanawa baada ya kwenda haja kubwa. Wakati wote unasafisha kutoka mbele kuelekea nyuma. Ukisafisha
kutoka nyuma kwenda mbele unaweza kusambaza bakteria kutoka kwenye haja kubwa kwenda kwenye tundu la
mkojo. Hatua nyingine za kuchukua ili kuepuka maambukizo haya ni kunywa maji mengi; kukojoa mkojo mara kwa mara (usijaribu kubana mkojo kwa muda mrefu) na hasa baada ya ujamiiana, na kuvaa chupi za pamba na nguo pana zinazoweka sehemu za siri kavu.
Iwapo unafikiri unayo maambukizo kwenye mrija wa kupitisha mkojo, kunywa maji mengi na nenda
kamwone mhudumu wa afya kwa ajili ya matibabu. Usijamiiane mpaka dalili zote ziwe zimetoweka.
The secretary
JF-Expert Member
- Jan 14, 2012
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hapo poa nasubiri tiba mbadala
Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
Siwezi kutowa Dawa kabla ya kumaliza somo lenyewe mkuu The secretary Si nimekuambia nitaendelea somo lenyewe ni kubwa sana.
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The secretary
JF-Expert Member
- Jan 14, 2012
- 4,148
- 2,537
shwari tu nimekuelewa
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Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
Mimi sio Daktari UPOPO
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Herbalist Dr MziziMkavu
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 3, 2009
- 42,872
- 34,363
What are urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms and signs in women, men, and children?
The UTI symptoms and signs may vary according to age, sex, and location of the infection in the tract. Some individuals will have no symptoms or mild symptoms and may clear the infection in about two to five days. Many
people will not spontaneously clear the infection; one of the most frequent symptoms and signs experienced by most patients is a frequent urge to urinate, accompanied by pain or burning on urination. The urine often appears cloudy
and occasionally dark, if blood is present. The urine may develop an unpleasant odor. Women often have lower abdominal discomfort or feel bloated and experience sensations like their bladder is full. Women may also complain of a
vaginal discharge, especially if their urethra is infected, or if they have an STD. Although men may complain of dysuria, frequency, and urgency, other symptoms may include rectal, testicular, penile, or abdominal pain. Men with a
urethral infection, especially if it is caused by an STD, may have a pus-like drip or discharge from their penis. Toddlers and children with UTIs often show blood in the urine, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting along with pain and urgency with urination.
Symptoms and signs of a UTI in the very young and the elderly are not as diagnostically helpful as they are for other patients. Newborns and infants may develop fever or hypothermia, poor feeding, jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unfortunately, the elderly often have mild symptoms or no symptoms of a UTI until they become weak, lethargic, or confused.
Location of the infection in the urinary tract usually results in certain symptoms. Urethral infections usually have dysuria (pain or discomfort when urinating). STD infections may cause a pus-like fluid to drain or drip from the
urethra. Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms include suprapubic pain, usually without fever and flank pain. Ureter and kidney infections often have flank pain and fever as symptoms. These symptoms and signs are not highly specific, but they do help the physician determine where the UTI may be located.
Is there a link between urinary tract infection (UTI) and pregnancy?
Most clinicians think there are several reasons (links) that make a pregnant female more susceptible to UTIs than nonpregnant women. Investigators suggest that hormones cause the bladder and ureters to dilate; this slows urine flow and may decrease
bladder emptying which, in turn, increases the likelihood that bacteria can survive and multiply. Also during pregnancy, the acidity of urine decreases and this favors bacterial growth. The enlarging uterus puts pressure on the bladder, so the urge to urinate is
more frequent in pregnancy. But many times, pregnant women wait to urinate for various reasons and this further slows flow. In some women, the pressure from the uterus prevents complete bladder emptying, again favoring bacterial growth. In general, pregnancy predisposes women to more kidney infections than bladder infections.
How is a urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosed?
The caregiver should obtain a detailed history from the patient, and if a UTI is suspected, a urine sample is usually obtained. The best sample is a midstream sample of urine placed in a sterile cup because it usually contains only the
pathogenic organisms instead of the transient organisms that may be washed from adjacent surfaces when the urine stream begins. Male patients with foreskin should retract the foreskin before providing a midstream urine sample. In
some patients who cannot provide a midstream sample, a sample can be obtained by a catheter. The urine sample is then sent for urinalysis. Patients with a "discharge," or possibility of having an STD, usually will have the discharge tested for STD organisms (for example, Neisseria and Chlamydia). A positive urinalysis is usually detection of about
two to five leukocytes (white blood cells), about 15 bacteria per high-power microscopic field, and a positive nitrite test and/or positive leukocyte esterase test. Some clinicians and labs consider a positive test at least two of the
above findings; still others report a positive for bacteria as >1,000 bacteria cultured per milliliter of urine. At best, the initial urinalysis, depending on the various criteria used by clinicians and labs, provides a presumptive positive test for a UTI. Most clinicians believe this presumptive test is adequate enough to begin treatment. A definitive test is usually
considered to be isolation and identification of the infecting pathogen at a level of about 100,000 bacteria per cc of urine with the genus of the pathogen (usually bacterial) identified and antibiotic sensitivity determined by lab studies. This test takes 24-48 hours to obtain the results and your health care professional will usually start treatment before this result is available. Sometimes blood in the urine is a sign of a UTI but it may also indicate other problems, such as a urinary calculus or "stone."
In young children, infants, and some elderly patients, the best urine specimen is obtained by catheterization, as they are unable to deliver a "clean catch" urine sample as described above. Urine can also be collected from "bags" placed over the urethral outlet (genital area), but these bagged specimens are only used for presumptive urinalysis as they
are unreliable for culture. Some investigators consider any bagged urine samples as unreliable. Urine samples not processed within an hour of collection should either be discarded or be refrigerated before an hour passes because bacterial growth in urine at room temperature can yield false-positive tests. Special culture media and other tests are done for the infrequent or rare pathogens (for example, fungi and parasites).
Other tests may be ordered to further define the extent of a UTI. They may include blood cultures, a complete blood count (CBC), intravenous pyelogram, a CT scan, or other specialized tests.
The UTI symptoms and signs may vary according to age, sex, and location of the infection in the tract. Some individuals will have no symptoms or mild symptoms and may clear the infection in about two to five days. Many
people will not spontaneously clear the infection; one of the most frequent symptoms and signs experienced by most patients is a frequent urge to urinate, accompanied by pain or burning on urination. The urine often appears cloudy
and occasionally dark, if blood is present. The urine may develop an unpleasant odor. Women often have lower abdominal discomfort or feel bloated and experience sensations like their bladder is full. Women may also complain of a
vaginal discharge, especially if their urethra is infected, or if they have an STD. Although men may complain of dysuria, frequency, and urgency, other symptoms may include rectal, testicular, penile, or abdominal pain. Men with a
urethral infection, especially if it is caused by an STD, may have a pus-like drip or discharge from their penis. Toddlers and children with UTIs often show blood in the urine, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting along with pain and urgency with urination.
Symptoms and signs of a UTI in the very young and the elderly are not as diagnostically helpful as they are for other patients. Newborns and infants may develop fever or hypothermia, poor feeding, jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unfortunately, the elderly often have mild symptoms or no symptoms of a UTI until they become weak, lethargic, or confused.
Location of the infection in the urinary tract usually results in certain symptoms. Urethral infections usually have dysuria (pain or discomfort when urinating). STD infections may cause a pus-like fluid to drain or drip from the
urethra. Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms include suprapubic pain, usually without fever and flank pain. Ureter and kidney infections often have flank pain and fever as symptoms. These symptoms and signs are not highly specific, but they do help the physician determine where the UTI may be located.
Is there a link between urinary tract infection (UTI) and pregnancy?
Most clinicians think there are several reasons (links) that make a pregnant female more susceptible to UTIs than nonpregnant women. Investigators suggest that hormones cause the bladder and ureters to dilate; this slows urine flow and may decrease
bladder emptying which, in turn, increases the likelihood that bacteria can survive and multiply. Also during pregnancy, the acidity of urine decreases and this favors bacterial growth. The enlarging uterus puts pressure on the bladder, so the urge to urinate is
more frequent in pregnancy. But many times, pregnant women wait to urinate for various reasons and this further slows flow. In some women, the pressure from the uterus prevents complete bladder emptying, again favoring bacterial growth. In general, pregnancy predisposes women to more kidney infections than bladder infections.
How is a urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosed?
The caregiver should obtain a detailed history from the patient, and if a UTI is suspected, a urine sample is usually obtained. The best sample is a midstream sample of urine placed in a sterile cup because it usually contains only the
pathogenic organisms instead of the transient organisms that may be washed from adjacent surfaces when the urine stream begins. Male patients with foreskin should retract the foreskin before providing a midstream urine sample. In
some patients who cannot provide a midstream sample, a sample can be obtained by a catheter. The urine sample is then sent for urinalysis. Patients with a "discharge," or possibility of having an STD, usually will have the discharge tested for STD organisms (for example, Neisseria and Chlamydia). A positive urinalysis is usually detection of about
two to five leukocytes (white blood cells), about 15 bacteria per high-power microscopic field, and a positive nitrite test and/or positive leukocyte esterase test. Some clinicians and labs consider a positive test at least two of the
above findings; still others report a positive for bacteria as >1,000 bacteria cultured per milliliter of urine. At best, the initial urinalysis, depending on the various criteria used by clinicians and labs, provides a presumptive positive test for a UTI. Most clinicians believe this presumptive test is adequate enough to begin treatment. A definitive test is usually
considered to be isolation and identification of the infecting pathogen at a level of about 100,000 bacteria per cc of urine with the genus of the pathogen (usually bacterial) identified and antibiotic sensitivity determined by lab studies. This test takes 24-48 hours to obtain the results and your health care professional will usually start treatment before this result is available. Sometimes blood in the urine is a sign of a UTI but it may also indicate other problems, such as a urinary calculus or "stone."
In young children, infants, and some elderly patients, the best urine specimen is obtained by catheterization, as they are unable to deliver a "clean catch" urine sample as described above. Urine can also be collected from "bags" placed over the urethral outlet (genital area), but these bagged specimens are only used for presumptive urinalysis as they
are unreliable for culture. Some investigators consider any bagged urine samples as unreliable. Urine samples not processed within an hour of collection should either be discarded or be refrigerated before an hour passes because bacterial growth in urine at room temperature can yield false-positive tests. Special culture media and other tests are done for the infrequent or rare pathogens (for example, fungi and parasites).
Other tests may be ordered to further define the extent of a UTI. They may include blood cultures, a complete blood count (CBC), intravenous pyelogram, a CT scan, or other specialized tests.