Mkuu kusema kweli mimi hapa nitapingana nawe kidogo juu ya MFUMO wa CCM, kwa sababu AZIMIO LA ZANZIBAR sio mrengo wa chama bali ilikuwa MWONGOZO wa KItaifa ndani ya Katiba yetu. Hata ukiwaondoa CCM miaka ilopita bado sheria na kipengele hicho kingekuwepo na kipo hadi leo ndani ya katiba ya mwaka 1977.
Kwa hiyo chochote kinachoingia ndani ya KATIBA ya nchi hakina mrengo maana hii ni Sheria Mama ambayo haina chama na hii ndio sababu kubwa sisi wananchi tukaiomba KATIBA MPYA, sio kwa sababu tulitaka kuindoka CCM madarakani ama tulitaka serikali 3! Hawa wanasiasa wakatuchezea akili zetu tukaamini wana nia thabiti ya kuipata katiba Mpya yenye kurudisha MIIKO na MAADILI ambayo sii sera wala mrengo kumbe wao wana yao ya kisiasa kututenganisha wananchi. Leo tazama tulivyotengana humu na pengine hata kuchukiana na yote inatokana na wao wala sii kosa la CCM, UKAWA wala Lowassa ni watu tulokosa Mwongozo!.
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Bob Mkandara,
Kwa mujibu wa Katiba (hata ya 1977) , hakuna mahali popote iliposema ni mwiko kwa kiongozi kujihusisha na biashara!
Kilichoko kwenye katiba ambacho ni very vague bila limitations ni wajibu kwa kila mwananchi. Kabla sijaanza chambua vipengele hivi, lazima nirudishe hoja kwenye Azimio la Arusha na kwa nini vipengele pingamizi vya Viongozi kujihusisha na biashara hasa viongozi wa Serikali, Mashirika ya Umma na Chama yalibainishwa wazi ndani ya Azimio na hata kuundwa kwa leadership code ambayo ndio ilikuwa Sheria kuu kubana watu kwa uwajibikaji wa kuzuia Viongozi kujihusisha na biashara wakiwa kazini na hata kubainisha Conflict of Interests.
Azimio la Zanzibar, lilivunja na kutengua maana nzima ya Leadership Code. Azimio lilipotamka wazi kuwa Wanasiasa waliochaguliwa na wananchi, watendaji wa Serikali na Mashirika wanaweza jihusisha na biashara, ililazimisha leadership code kufutwa kutokana na conflict ya wazi ya Ruksa yya kufanya biashara versus vipingamizi vya leadership code- miiko ya uongozi.
Hata hivyo, pamoja na miiko ya uongozi iliyokuwepo kwa miaka mingi tangu Azimio la Arusha, wafanyakazi wa Serikali, Mashirika na Taasisi za umma, Wanasiasa na hata mawaziri, waliruhusiwa kujiongezea kipato kupitia shughuli za uzalishaji kama kilimo, mifugo na uvuvi. Ndio maana Oysterbay na Masaki harufu ya mavi ya ng'ombe na kuku ilikuwa jambo la kawaida.
Hii ilitokana na mishahara na marupurupu kutotosheleza (lakini hapa kuna kasoro; watu walikaa nyumba za serikali na mashirika, walipata huduma za afya hata usafiri kwenda kazini bure) na njia moja kupunguza vishawishi vya watu kujiingiza katika usanii ilikuwa ni kutoa subsidies (nilizoonyesha kwenye mabano) na kuruhusu shughuli hizi ambazo zilikuwa part and parcel ya Siasa ya Ujamaa na kujitegema na haswa suala la Kilimo kuwa uti wa mgongo.
Katiba ya 1977 na hata marekebisho ya 1984 inaashiria vitu vifuatavyo kama msingi wa kuhakikisha haki na kupata kipato halali kutokana na jasho. Aidha kinazungumzia wajibu wa Wananchi kulinda mali ya umma dhidi ya ubadhirifu na upotevu (hapa mkazo wa sehemu hii ya katiba ulikuja kutokana na lile zoezi la kupiga vita ulanguzi na magendo la 1984).
Kwa makusudi kabisa nitaanza na kipengele cha 27 cha katiba:
Duty tosafeguardpublic propertyAct No.15 of 1984 Art.6
27.-(1) Every person has the duty to protect the natural resources of theUnited Republic, the property of the state authority, all property collectivelyowned by the people, and also to respect another person's property.
(2) All persons shall be required by law to safeguard the property of thestate authority and all property collectively owned by the people, to combat allforms of waste and squander, and to manage the national economy assiduouslywith the attitude of people who are masters of the destiny of their nation.
Huu ndio msingi na ngao ya kuundwa sheria za kuzuia uhalifu wa zizi wa mali, rushwa, magendo, ubadhirifu na uhujumu.
Tukirudi kifungu cha 25 cha katiba hiyohiyo kuhusiana na kazi, Katiba inasema hivi:
Duty toparticipate inworkAct No.15of 1984Art.625.-and Act No. 7 of 1994 Art.8(1)(k)
(1) Work alone creates the material wealth in society, and is thesource of the well-being of the people and the measure of human dignity.Accordingly, every person has the duty to –
(a) participate responsibly and honestly in lawful and productive work;
(b) observe work discipline and strive to attain the individual andcollective production targets desired or set by law.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subarticle (1), there shall be noforced labour in the United Republic.
Halafu ukirudi kifungu cha 24, kinazungumzia kuwa na mali:
Right to ownpropertyAct No.15of 1984Art.6Act No.1of 2005Art.9
24.-(1) Every person is entitled to own property, and has a right to theprotection of his property held in accordance with the law.
(2) Subject to the provisions of subarticle (1), it shall be unlawful for anyperson to be deprived of his property for the purposes of nationalization or anyother purposes without the authority of law which makes provision for fair andadequate compensation.
Ukirudi kwenye kifungu cha 22 na 23, kinazungumzia tena mambo ya kazi ambayo yamezungumziwa kifungu cha 25:
Right to work Act No.15 of 1984 Art.6
22.-(1) Every person has the right to work.
(2) Every citizen is entitled to equal opportunity and right to equal termsto hold any office or discharge any function under the state authority.
Right to justremunerationAct No.15of 1984Art.6
23.-(1) Every person, without discrimination of any kind, is entitled toremuneration commensurate with his work, and all persons working according totheir ability shall be remunerated according to the measure and qualification forthe work.
(2) Every person who works is entitled to just remuneration
Sasa hata kifungu cha 9 cha katiba hiyo (pungufu ni vipengele vilivyobadilishwa 1984 na 1992) haionyeshi mahali kuwa Viongozi na Watendaji wanapigwa kabali kuwa na biashara.
The pursuit ofUjamaa andSelf-RelianceAct No.15of 1984Art.6Act No.4of 1992Art.6
9. The object of this Constitution is to facilitate the building of the UnitedRepublic as a nation of equal and free individuals enjoying freedom, justice,fraternity and concord, through the pursuit of the policy of Socialism and SelfReliance which emphasizes the application of socialist principles while taking intoaccount the conditions prevailing in the United Republic.
Therefore, the stateauthority and all its agencies are obliged to direct their policies and programmestowards ensuring -(a) that human dignity and other human rights are respected andcherished;
(b) that the laws of the land are upheld and enforced;
(c) that activities of the Government are conducted in such a way as toensure that the national wealth and heritage are harnessed,preserved and applied for the common good and also to prevent theexploitation of one person by another;
(d) that the national economy is planned and promoted in a balancedand integrated manner;
(e) that every person who is able to work does work, and work meansany legitimate activity by which a person earns a living;
(f) that human dignity is preserved and upheld in accordance with thespirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;
(g) that the Government and all its agencies accord equal opportunitiesto all citizens, men and women alike without regard to their colour,tribe, religion or station in life;
(h) that all forms of injustice, intimidation, discrimination, corruption,oppression or favouritism are eradicated;
(i) that the use of national wealth places emphasis on the development of the people and in particular is geared towards the eradication ofpoverty, ignorance and disease;
(j) that economic activities are not conducted in a manner that mayresult in the concentration of wealth or the major means ofproduction in the hands of a few individuals; and
(k) that the country is governed according to the principles ofdemocracy and socialism.
Nafikiri tutakubaliana kuwa mawazo ya kuweka miiko ya uongozi ni sheria (hata katiba inazungumzia sheria za miiko ya uongozi) na si suala lililoandikwa kwenye katiba.
An interesting thing kwenye katiba ni kibano wanachopewa Wabunge versus Rais na makamu wa Rais. Rais na Makamu hawabanwi na hawana kitu kama hiki kifungu cha 70.
Members tosubmitstatement ofpropertyAct No.12of 199570. Art.12-
(1) Every Member of Parliament shall be required to submit to theSpeaker two copies of a formal statement regarding his property and the propertyof his spouse. The statement shall be made on a special form prescribed by a lawenacted by Parliament and shall be submitted from time to time as shall bedirected by such law.
(2) The Speaker shall transmit to the Ethics Commissioner, a copy ofevery formal statement submitted to him in accordance with the provisions of thisArticle.
Tume ya maadili imewekwa katika katiba, na kazi yake ni kuhakiki na kuratibu viongozi, lakini hakuna sheria maalum au vipingamizi vilivyoelezewa kwenye katiba.
Public Leaders'EthicsSecretariatAct No.1of 1980Art.15Act No.15of 1984Art.39Act No.4of 1992Art.35Act No.12of 1995Art.18
132.-
(1) There is hereby established a Public Leaders' Ethics Secretariatwhich shall have power to inquire into the behaviour and conduct of any publicleader for the purpose of ensuring that the provisions of the law concerning theethics of public leaders are duly complied with.
(2) For the purposes of this Article, the meaning of "public leader" and"code of ethics for public leaders" shall be construed in accordance with theprovisions of the law concerning the ethics of public leaders or the provisions ofany other law enacted by Parliament in so far as such provisions relate to thequestion of leadership and its interpretation. (3) The Public Leader's Ethics Secretariat shall consist of the EthicsCommissioner and such other employees whose number shall be as specified by alaw enacted by Parliament.
(4) Parliament shall enact a law stipulating basic rules of ethics for publicleaders which shall be complied with by all persons holding public office whichshall be specified by such law.
(5) Basic rules of ethics for public leaders shall -
(a) spell out public offices the holders of which shall be subjectthereto;
(b) require persons holding certain public offices to make a formaldeclaration from time to time concerning their income, assets andliabilities;
(c) prohibit conduct and behaviour which tend to portray that a leaderis dishonest, practices favouritism or lacks integrity, or which tendsto promote or encourage corrupt practices in public affairs orjeopardizes public interest or welfare;
(d) prescribe penalties which may be imposed for breaches of the codeof ethics;
(e) provide for procedure, powers and practice to be applied in order toensure compliance with the code of ethics; and(f) prescribe any other provisions as are appropriate or necessary forthe purpose of promoting and maintaining honesty, transparency,impartiality and integrity in the conduct of public affairs and forthe protection of public funds and any other public property.
(6) Parliament may, by law, provide for the dismissal or removal of aperson from office for breaches of the code of ethics regardless of whether theoffice is elective or appointive.
Kumalizia, tuna sheria na miiko ambayo imeundiwa sheria na hata kuhalalishwa na katiba, lakini kinachogomba ni specifics kuzuia watu kuwa na biashara.
Ubaya ni kuwa hakuna mwenye kumkagua Tume ya maadili!
Na nafikiri hata nyaraka na rekodi ni siri na si public information. Aidha tume haina meno makali kutokana na kuwepo kwa sheria na miiko tata, kushindwa kwa tume kufungua mashitaka (hata ya jinai) dhidi ya waliokiuka miiko na kufanya ukaguzi wa kina wa kikosi cha uchunguzi (mamlaka kama ya polisi, Takukuru, DPP).
Siyasemi haya kusema basi kwa kuwa hayako kwenye katiba basi tusiyazungumze, bali katiba inapounda Tume ya maadili, ni lazima miiko ile ya Azimio la Arusha dhidi ya viongozi kujipatia mali zaidi ya mishahara au kujihusisha na biashara iandikwe kuzuia Conflict of Interest.