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Samahani, ila ningependa kufahamu umri wa baba yako kama hutojali.
Samahani, ila ningependa kufahamu umri wa baba yako kama hutojali.Nakumbuka juzi nilikuwa na mjadala mzito sana na baba yangu mzazi kuhusu imani na biblia. Alichoniambia ni kuwa, lengo la kuu la kuundwa kwa biblia ni ili watu wa chini tutii mamlaka.
Mkuu umeongea hoja nzito kweli naunga mkono je kauli kama hii inaweza kutolewa na Musa mwenyewe..... Maana imeandikwa baada ya Musa kufa.Kwanza maana halisi ya Mtume ni nini ? Kumbuka Yesu aliongelea mambo yaliyopita na yajayo. kwa hiyo Musa kipindi anawasilina na Mungu sio kwamba alipewa maagizo tu, fahamu kwamba Kuna vitu vingine alihitaji kufahamu hivyo alipewa nafasi ya kuuliza na akaelezwa. katika dhana kama hiyo Kama unatafakari kwa undani enzi hizo asingekua na cha zaidi ya kuuliza historia ya kufahamu chimbuko la wana Israel. pili, muda aliokaa mlima Sinai ni muda mrefu mpaka wafuasi wake waka kata tamaa, jiulize utakua ni muda gani watu wakate tamaa baada ya kutolewa kwenye vizuizi vya hatari na maajabu dhahiri na walikuwa wana msujudia Mungu wao kwa ukuu wake na miujiza mingi. hapa inaonyesha kwamba alichukua muda mrefu sana akiwa mlimani. pia kumbuka kwamba hawa Mitume walikua wanachaguliwa na mungu mwenyewe kuanzia utungaji wa mimba mpaka ukubwani, kwa hiyo karma waliyo kua nayo ilikua ni yake yeye mwenyewe Mungu kwa ajili ya kazi yake.
Ni kwa fikra zangu tuu.
45-55Samahani, ila ningependa kufahamu umri wa baba yako kama hutojali.
walioandika zama hizo walikua ni waadilifu, kumbuka nilivyo kwambia ni Mipango yake Muumba, na njia zake huwezi ufahamu kwa njia za kibinadamu, labda nikuulize kama wewe ni mfanyakazi kama unajua mambo ya masijara au sehemu ya kumbukumbu. as simple as that..!!!Mkuu umeongea hoja nzito kweli naunga mkono je kauli kama hii inaweza kutolewa na Musa mwenyewe..... Maana imeandikwa baada ya Musa kufa.
Kumb. La Torati 34
10 Wala hajainuka tena katika Israeli nabii kama Musa, ambaye BWANA alimjua uso kwa uso
Swali jingine la kujiuliza..... Je Musa alipokufa ni nani aliyeandika habari za jinsi kifo na msiba wake ulivyokuwa ilihali Musa alikuwa kaburini au pia nayo aliashaandika kabla hajafa??
Pia kuhusu wakaldayo hapo inakuwaje Musa aandike kuhusu kabila ambalo halipo duniani yaani mfano leo uandike kilimanjaro ya wajaluo ilihali wanaishi wachagga je huoni angechanganya hadhira yake?? Hili unalielezaje
Ubarikiwe
Kwa hiyo huna uhakika na umri wa baba yako ? Anyway : kwa jinsi hiyo upo kwenye umri wa udadisi : jitahidi udadisi katika njia chanya..45-55
Ninaufahamu ila sijauweka kwasababu sijaona mantiki yake kwenye mjadala, hata kuandika hivyo ni basi tu nisionekane mkaidi. Ila kwa sasa nimefahamu vitu vingi ambavyo vimefanya nitoke katika vifungo vilivyokuwa si vya lazima. Kila mtu amepewa fikra na kuchambua mambo kadri ya uwezo wake na mtazamo wake. Mtazamo chanya kwa upande wako hauwezi kuwa mtazamo chanya kwa watu wengine.Kwa hiyo huna uhakika na umri wa baba yako ? Anyway : kwa jinsi hiyo upo kwenye umri wa udadisi : jitahidi udadisi katika njia chanya..
Kusudi la Kuandika: Kitabu cha Mwanzo mara nyingine kimeitwa "mbegu-njema" ya Biblia nzima. Mafundisho mengi makuu katika Biblia yameazishwa kwa utaratibu wa "mbegu" katika kitabu cha Mwanzo. Pamoja na kuanguka kwa mwanadamu, ahadi ya Mungu ya wokovu au ukombozi umenakiliwa (Mwanzo 3:15). Mafundisho ya uumbaji, kushutumiwa kwa dhambi, kuhesabiwa haki, upatanisho, upotovu, ghadhabu, neema, uhuru, uwajibikaji, na mengine mengi yote yamezungumziwa katika hiki kitabu cha asili kiitwacho Mwanzo.Okay unaweza tusaidia yale maswali hapo juu kwa faida ya wasomaji wote waweze kuelewa sintofahamu hii
Kitabu cha Mwanzo ndiyo kitabu cha kwanza cha Agano la Kale na kiliandikwa na Nabii Musa.Hebu ngoja kwanza ,ina maana Musa alijua ,yote km mleta hoja alivyoanisha? Sikati alikua mlima Sinai siku 40, aliambiwa hadi mabadiliko ya miji na vitu vingine?
Hapa kuna Darsa na Ilmu zaidi ,nipo nimetulia kujifunza
Kumbuka kitu kimoja, elimu haina mwisho hii kauli usifikiri ni zama hizi ndio inafanya kazi, ni anzia enzi za zamani. lazima ujiulize upate jibu. na hilo jibu linakuletea swali jingine, ndio mtiririko wa maisha na njia waliopitia waliotafuta uhalisia wa maisha yao..!!Ninaufahamu ila sijauweka kwasababu sijaona mantiki yake kwenye mjadala, hata kuandika hivyo ni basi tu nisionekane mkaidi. Ila kwa sasa nimefahamu vitu vingi ambavyo vimefanya nitoke katika vifungo vilivyokuwa si vya lazima. Kila mtu amepewa fikra na kuchambua mambo kadri ya uwezo wake na mtazamo wake. Mtazamo chanya kwa upande wako hauwezi kuwa mtazamo chanya kwa watu wengine.
Mwisho: si vyema kujibu maswali magumu kwa majibu mepesi, ni bora kutokujibu.
ahsante kwa tag.Mwanzo 14:14 mwandishi anaeleza kwamba Abraham aliwafukuzia wafalme wa mashariki waliomteka Lutu hadi kufikia mji wa DAN. Huu mstari pia unakubalika na wanatheolojia kuwa umeandikwa baada ya kifo cha Musa sababu wakati wote mji huo umeitwa Laish hadi pale kitabu cha waamuzi 18 ndio mji huo ulipewa jina la Dan ikimaanisha mwandishi wa kipande hiki aliandika haya miaka zaidi ya 600 baada ya Musa kufa. Mstari huu hapa
Waamuzi 18
Siku hizo hapakuwa na mfalme katika Israeli; tena katika siku hizo kabila ya Wadani wakajitafutia urithi wapate mahali pa kukaa; maana hata siku hiyo urithi wao haujawaangukia kati ya kabila za Israeli.
Mwanzo 12:16
6 Abramu akapita katikati ya nchi mpaka mahali patakatifu pa Shekemu; mpaka mwaloni wa More. Na Wakanaani siku zile walikaa katika nchi hiyo
Mstari huu umeandikwa na mtu ambaye alikuwepo kipindi ambacho wakaanani walishafurumushwa Israel na Joshua kitu ambacho Musa hakukishuhudia kabisa maana mpaka anakufa waisrael hawakuwa wameingia Canaan na kuwafukuza wacanaan kabisa.
Kumb. La Torati 34
10 Wala hajainuka tena katika Israeli nabii kama Musa, ambaye BWANA alimjua uso kwa uso;
Kwa mantiki hii haiwezekani ikawa imeandikwa na Musa mwenyewe wakati wake ilihali hakujua kma watatokea manabii wengine israel ni sawa na Rais Magufuli aseme Tanzania haikupata tena Rais kma yeye ilihali hatokuwepo kushuhudia maRais wengine hapo baadae.... Hii ikimaanisha mwandishi wa hapa aliishi miaka mingi baada ya Musa kutoweka dunia hivyo alishashuhudia manabii wengi wamepita ndio akahitimisha kuwa hakuna kama Musa.
Mwanzo 36:31
31 Na hawa ndio wafalme waliomiliki katika nchi ya Edomu, kabla ya kumiliki mfalme ye yote juu ya wana wa Israeli.
Mstari huu unaonyesha mwandishi wa kitabu cha mwanzo alikuwa ameshuhudia Israel ikipata wafalme maana kipindi cha Musa israel haikuwa ina wafalme ila miaka kadhaa mbeleni ndipo wakapata mfalme wao hivyo Musa asingeweza kuandika hili ilihali hakuwa anafahamu kama israel ilishapata wafalme, hivyo aliyeandika hapa aliishi kipindi israel ilishapata wafalme ndio maana akaandika kwa msisitizo kuwa historia hii ni kipindi kile hawana wafalme bado.
Kumb. La Torati 34 inaelezea kifo cha Musa hivyo isingewezekana akawa ameandika Musa mwenyewe kuhusu kifo chake na maombolezo yake yalivyoenda hivyo wanatheolojia wanaona kuna mtu mwingine zaidi ya musa alieandika kipande hiki.
HITIMISHO
Kwa kuzingatia hoja hizi tunaweza hitimisha kwamba Musa hakuwa mwandishi pekee wa kitabu cha mwanzo ila mjumuiko wa waandishi wengi ambao walikuwa wamesoma nyaraka za Musa na wao kuongeza mawazo yao.
Na kama Musa aliandika basi inatuacha na maswali yafuatayo
1. Ni kwanini lugha inayotumika na misamiati na majina ya maeneo itofautiane kama mwandishi ni mmoja??
2. Pia kuna mistari inaonyesha Musa alikufa lakini bado maandiko ya pentateuch yaliendelea kuandikwa?? Je kivipi Musa aliweza andika akiwa kaburini??
3. Kama ni kweli vitabu hivi viliandikwa na mtu zaidi ya mmoja na wakaweka maoni yako je uhalali wa vitabu hivi kuwa kwenye Biblia ukoje??.
4. Je nini hatma ya Neno la Mungu kama kuna watu wanaweza ongeza maandiko yao kwenye Biblia..... Kwanini Mungu aliruhusu hili??
NB: Nimeuliza maswali haya kuchokoza mjadala ila sio msimamo wangu kupinga uandishi wa Musa, karibuni kwenye mjadala
Cc: Wana JF intelligence wote bila kuwasahau kina Mchawi Mkuu Malcom Lumumba Elungata Da'Vinci Mshana Jr Eiyer Kudo900 Vi rendra N J subi Bujibuji Kipanga boy Kiranga Che mittoga Ip man 3 mitale na midimu Mzee wa Torano Blaki Womani Grahnman za chembe jimmykb197 911sep11 afsa Francis3 mtu chake NJOLO Msolo Shubiri Pori Pendael24 Mr Miller Elli Khalifavinnie Kennedy Son of Gamba Kanungila Karim Mgambilwa ni mntu Mr FCB Mr Q geesten66 Jerry Ekky Mnabuduhe Chrisvern Dabby Jr kibuyu180 IGWE SALA NA KAZI Wick Kapwil Dukeson
Uko sahihi, mkuu.Kumbuka kitu kimoja, elimu haina mwisho hii kauli usifikiri ni zama hizi ndio inafanya kazi, ni anzia enzi za zamani. lazima ujiulize upate jibu. na hilo jibu linakuletea swali jingine, ndio mtiririko wa maisha na njia waliopitia waliotafuta uhalisia wa maisha yao..!!
Nimekuelewa mkuu kuwa kimeandikwa na wanafunzi wake.... Je hao wanafunzi wake waliandika kipindi Musa akiwa hai bado maana mfano hiyo Issue ya wakaldayo walianza kuwepo miaka zaidi ya 400 baada ya Musa kufa je hao wanafunzi wake bado walikuwepo?? Hilo ndio nalotaka kufahamu kwamba final copy ya genesis ilitengenzwa na musa mwenyewe au kuna watu walimtumia musa tu kama moja ya chanzo cha taarifa zao ndio wakaja na final copy ya kitabu cha Mwanzo??Mkuu mbona hii sio hoja zipo hata verse ambazo zinazungumzia thord person yaani na Mungu akamwambia Musa.
Muda alioishi na baadhi ya matukio yanatofautiana
Baadhi ya hoja zimeshajibiwa hapo juu kwamba nyingine aliandika kutokana na mapokea ya mababu, ufunuo alipokuwa anawasiliana na Mungu lakini Musa hakuwa peke yake wakati wote alikua na wasaidizi
Hivyo kuna wasaidizi walioandika vitabu hivyo au walimwandikia baadhi ya section.
Swali lina bakia kama sio yeye aliandika ni kina nani hao waliandika?
Je matukio yaliyoandikwa yote yana historical evidence kwamba kweli yalitokea.
Nani aliyeyaandika?
Pia kumbuka wakati huo ni kina nani walikua na elimu ya kuweka kumbukumbu?
kuielewa biblia unahitaji KARAMA NA UJAZO WA ROHO MT.Tafuta hiki kitabu kama hujakisoma, kimeichambua Biblia kisomi sana kutoka kwa mtu mwenye credentials nzuri sana.
How to Read the Bible
How to Read the Bible
A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now
READ AN EXCERPT
Scholars from different fields have joined forces to reexamine every aspect of the Hebrew Bible. Their research, carried out in universities and seminaries in Europe and America, has revolutionized our understanding of almost every chapter and verse. But have they killed the Bible in the process?
In How to Read the Bible, Harvard professor James Kugel leads the reader chapter by chapter through the “quiet revolution” of recent biblical scholarship, showing time and again how radically the interpretations of today’s researchers differ from what people have always thought. The story of Adam and Eve, it turns out, was not originally about the “Fall of Man,” but about the move from a primitive, hunter-gatherer society to a settled, agricultural one. As for the stories of Cain and Abel, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Esau, these narratives were not, at their origin, about individual people at all but, rather, explanations of some feature of Israelite society as it existed centuries after these figures were said to have lived. Dinah was never raped — her story was created by an editor to solve a certain problem in Genesis. In the earliest version of the Exodus story, Moses probably did not divide the Red Sea in half; instead, the Egyptians perished in a storm at sea. Whatever the original Ten Commandments might have been, scholars are quite sure they were different from the ones we have today. What’s more, the people long supposed to have written various books of the Bible were not, in the current consensus, their real authors: David did not write the Psalms, Solomon did not write Proverbs or Ecclesiastes; indeed, there is scarcely a book in the Bible that is not the product of different, anonymous authors and editors working in different periods.
Such findings pose a serious problem for adherents of traditional, Bible-based faiths. Hiding from the discoveries of modern scholars seems dishonest, but accepting them means undermining much of the Bible’s reliability and authority as the word of God. What to do? In his search for a solution, Kugel leads the reader back to a group of ancient biblical interpreters who flourished at the end of the biblical period. Far from naïve, these interpreters consciously set out to depart from the original meaning of the Bible’s various stories, laws, and prophecies — and they, Kugel argues, hold the key to solving the dilemma of reading the Bible today.
How to Read the Bible is, quite simply, the best, most original book about the Bible in decades. It offers an unflinching, insider’s look at the work of today’s scholars, together with a sustained consideration of what the Bible was for most of its history — before the rise of modern scholarship. Readable, clear, often funny but deeply serious in its purpose, this is a book for Christians and Jews, believers and secularists alike. It offers nothing less than a whole new way of thinking about sacred Scripture.
Biography
Biography
James Kugel was the Starr Professor of Hebrew Literature at Harvard University for twenty-one years. He retired from Harvard to become Professor of Bible at Bar Ilan University in Israel, where he also served as chairman of the Department of Bible.
A specialist in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Kugel is the author of more than eighty research articles and fifteen books, including The Idea of Biblical Poetry, In Potiphar’s House, On Being a Jew, and The Bible As It Was(this last the winner of the Grawemeyer Prize in Religion in 2001). His more recent books include The God of Old, The Ladder of Jacob, How to Read the Bible, awarded the National Jewish Book Award for the best book of 2007, In the Valley of the Shadow, and A Walk Through Jubilees. He is a member of the Society of Biblical Literature, and Editor-in-chief of Jewish Studies: an Internet Journal.
Bible Department
Bar Ilan University
52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
telephone: +9722 672-2197
website: www.jameskugel.com
email: jlk@jameskugel.com
1. Born: August 22, 1945, New York, N.Y. I am married and have four children.
2. Education: Yale University, B.A. (1968)
Harvard University, Junior Fellow (1972-76)
City University of New York, Ph. D. (1978)
3. Areas of interest: Hebrew Bible; history of biblical exegesis; Judaism.
4. Positions held: Andrew Mellon Faculty Fellow, City University (1978-79)
Lecturer, Harvard University (1979-80)
Assistant Professor, Religious Studies and Comparative Literature, Yale University (1980-82); Associate Professor (1982)
Starr Professor of Hebrew Literature, Harvard University (1982-2003)
Professor of Bible, Bar Ilan University (1992-2013)
Professor Emeritus, Bar Ilan University, 2014—
5. Memberships and Offices:
Poetry Editor, Harper’s Magazine (1972-4)
Co-founder and associate editor, Prooftexts: A Journal of Jewish Literary History (1981-2000)
Executive Board, Association for Jewish Studies (1983-84)
Chairman, Department of Near Eastern Languages, Harvard University (1987-91)
Director, Center for Jewish Studies, Harvard University (1996-2001)
Editorial Board, Jewish Studies Quarterly (1993-2003)
Member, American Academy for Jewish Research (1999-2003)
Founder and editor-in-chief, Jewish Studies: an Internet Journal (2002- present)
Director, Institute for the History of the Jewish Bible, Bar Ilan University (2003-10)
Chairman, Department of Bible, Bar-Ilan University (2006-09)
Editorial Board, Themes in Biblical Narrative – Jewish and Christian Traditions (series, Brill Publications, Leiden)
Editorial Board, פרשנות ובקורת (Bar Ilan)
Editorial Board, שנתון המקרא (Jerusalem)
Editorial Board, Biblische Notizen—Neue Folge (Vienna) (2010-present)
Editorial Directorate, מוסד ביאליק מו”ל
Editorial Board, Journal of Ancient Judaism (2011-present)
6. Awards and Prizes: Phi Beta Kappa (1968), Wrexham Prize (1968), Fulbright Graduate Fellowship (1968), Danforth Graduate Fellowship (1968), Woodrow Wilson Fellow (1968), Bryant Dissertation Prize (1977), A. Mellon Fellow (1977), Ingram Merrill Fellow (1978), S. F. Morse Faculty Fellow (1981-82). The Idea of Biblical Poetry was supported by awards from the F. Hilles and A. W. Griswold Funds, and received the book prize of the American Jewish Committee (1982). Research for In Potiphar’s House was sponsored by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities (1988-89). The Bible As It Was was supported by awards from the Alan M. Stroock Publication Fund for Jewish Studies and a grant from the Littauer Foundation. It was among five finalists for the National Book Critics Circle Award in the category of General Nonfiction. Traditions of the Biblewas honored with a special session at the 1999 Society of Biblical Literature convention. The Bible As It Was and Traditions of the Bible were jointly awarded the $200,000 Grawemeyer Award for the best book in Religion, 2001. How to Read the Bible was awarded the prize for the best book in any category by the National Jewish Book Awards, 2007. It was chosen as one of the New York Times “Best Books of 2007, All Categories.” Outside the Bible, coedited with Louis Feldman and Lawrence Schiffman, was just awarded the National Jewish Book Award for Scholarship, 2014.