Don Clericuzio
JF-Expert Member
- Dec 8, 2017
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Sote ni wanafunzi wa hii lugha, ni kusahihishana na kuelekezana jinsi inavyotakiwa kuwa.
Kuna ulazima wa kuweka THE mbili hapo mkuu...?
Mimi hizi would, should na could huwa zinanichanganya kwa kweli. Hebu toeni mfano anuai hapo wadau. Ahsante.
Sote ni wanafunzi wa hii lugha, ni kusahihishana na kuelekezana jinsi inavyotakiwa kuwa.
Ahsante kwa kunitukana ila naomba unifafanulie kitu hapo kwenye mtenda. Kwenye hizo sentensi mbili nilizoandika yupi ni mtenda?
Mkuu hatuna future tense, kawaida huwa hatuna nyakati zijazo tuna wakati uliopo na uliopita, hivyo tuna future time ambayo time aspects ambazo perfect, present, progressive/continues.Habari wakuu ! Natumaini wote ni wazima wa afya , kwa upande wangu niko poa . Sasa twende moja kwa moja kwenye mada yetu .
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Tenses huelezea wakati au muda tendo linafanyika , lilifanyika au litafanyika .
Katika kiingereza kuna tenses ( nyakati ) kuu tatu , ambazo ni :
The present tense ( wakati uliopo)
The past tense ( wakati uliopita )
The future tense ( wakati ujao )
Na kila tense imegawanyika katika sehemu kuu nne ambazo : simple , continous , perfect na continous perfect.
1. PRESENT TENSE ( Wakati uliopo )
I. Simple present tense
II. Present continous tense
III. Present perfect tense
IV. Present perfect continuous tense
2. PAST TENSE ( Wakati uliopita )
I. Simple past tense
II. Past continuous tense
III. Past perfect tense
IV. Past perfect continuous tense
3. FUTURE TENSE ( Wakati ujao )
I. Simple future tense
II. Future continuous tense
III.Future perfect tense
IV. Future perfect continuous tense
Leo tuanze na "simple present tense "
Simple present tense -huu ni wakati ambao unaonyesha vitendo ambavyo vinafanyika kila siku au vya mazoea. Vitenzi ( verbs ) ambavyo vinatumika
katika wakati huu havibadiliki isipokuwa katika nafsi ya tatu umoja .
Zifahamu Nafsi
Nafsi ya kwanza : I ( mimi )
Nafsi ya pili : You ( wewe )
Nafsi ya tatu : He / she / it ( yeye
WINGI
Nafsi ya kwanza : We ( sisi )
Nafsi ya pili : You ( ninyi )
Nafsi ya tatu : They ( wao )
Examples :
I sing songs = > huwa naimba nyimbo
You sing songs = > huwa unaimba
nyimbo
He sings songs = > huwa anaimba nyimbo
She sings songs = > huwa anaimba nyimbo
It sings songs = > huwa anaimba nyimbo
We sing songs = > huwa tunaimba nyimbo
You sing nyimbo = > huwa mnaimba nyimbo
They sing songs = > huwa wanaimba nyimbo
#Kwa nafsi ya tatu umoja , hapa
nazungumzia : ( He , she na it ) ambapo hawa vitenzi vyao vinabadilika vinakuwa vinaongezewa S , ES au IES .
Mfano : take / takes , do / does / fry / fries .
SHERIA YA KUBADILISHA VITENZI ( VERBS ) .
Vitenzi ( verbs ) vingi huwa vinaongezewa " S " tu . Mfano : Seem / seems , look / looks , take / takes .
Kwa vitenzi ambavyo vinaishia na O huwa tunaongezea - ES . Mfano : Go / goes / , do / does , veto / vetoes ) .
Kwa vitenzi ( verbs ) ambavyo vinaishia na - S , - Z , - CH , -SH na - X , hapa huwa tunaongezea " ES " . Mfano : Punch / puches , wash / washes , kiss / kisses , fizz / fizzes , mix / mixes )
Kwa vitenzi ( verbs ) ambavyo vinaishia na sauti ya konsonant alafu mbele zimeishia na - Y huwa tunatoa Y alafu tunaongeza
IES , Mfano : ( Hurry/ hurries , Clarify / clarifies )
Ila kwa vitenzi ambavyo vimeishia sauti ya irabu ( vowel ) huwa tunaongeza " S " tu mbele . Mfano : ( Play / plays , enjoy / enjoys )
KUMBUKA : Kanuni zote za hapo juu zinatumika katika nafsi ya tatu umoja tu ( He , she na It ) .
Kwa nafsi zingine zote vitenzi huwa havibadiliki .
MIUNDO YA SENTENSI KATIKA TENSE HII .
1. Kwa sentensi za kukubali / chanya :
SUBJECT + MAIN VERB
I wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa naamka saa 12 asubuhi )
You wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa unaamka saa 12 asubuhi )
He wakes up at 6 AM
( Huwa anaamka saa 12 asubuhi )
She wakes up at 6 AM
( Huwa anaamka saa 12 asubuhi )
2. Kwa sentensi za kukanusha
SUBJECT + DOESN'T/ DON'T + MAIN VERB
Ufafanuzi :
DOESN'T - inatumika kwa nafsi ya tatu umoja , yani He, she na It .
DON'T - inatumika kwa nafsi
KUMBUKA : Unapotumia DON'T au DOESN'T basi kitenzi kikuu ( main verb ) kinakuwa hakibadiliki ( infinitive ) .
Pia :
Does not = Doesn't
Do not = Don't
KUMBUKA : Unapotumia DON'T au DOES basi kitenzi kikuu ( main verb ) kinakuwa hakibadiliki ( infinitive ) .
Examples :
-I do not wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa siamki saa 12 asubuhi )
-You don't wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa hauamki saa 12 asubuhi )
-He does not wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa haamki saa 12 asubuhi )
-She doesn't wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa haamki saa 12 asubuhi )
- It does not wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa haamki saa 12 asubuhi )
- We do not wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa hatuamki saa 12 asubuhi )
They don't wake up at 6 AM
( Huwa hawaamki saa 12 asubuhi)
3. Sentensi za kuuliza maswali
DO / DOES + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB
Examples :
Do you live here ?
( Je unaishi hapa ? )
Does he like this t-shirt ?
( Je anaipenda fulana hii ? )
Jinsi ya kujibu
-Yes I do .
-Yes he does .
-Yes she does .
Mifano zaidi
She loves her mother
( anampenda mama yake )
He eats banana
( Hula ndizi )
I drive a car
( ninaendesha gari )
You like this movie
( unaipenda muvi hii )
They hate us
( wanatuchikia )
Source : www.englishkona.com
Kwa leo tuishie hapa....tutaendelea .
WhatsApp : 0767329643
NOTE : Huu uzi utakuwa unasasishwa kila mara .
Haya yote uliniambia ninayajua. Don kauliza object ni mtendewa au mtendwa? Nikamjibu yote ni sawa kisha nikampa mifano ya objective pronoun 'me' inayoonyesha mtendwa na inayoonyesha mtendewa wewe ukasema ni mtenda ndio nikakuuliza kivipi? Kwenye hiyo sentensi mtenda ni nani?Mimi nina tabia zote, ushenzi na uungwana. Ukinijia kiungwana nakuwa muungwana na ukinijia kishenzi nakuwa mshenzi vilevile. Hapa unaona nimekutukana , mimi umenifanya nini? Nakiri nimekutukana, je, wewe lugha uliyotumia kwangu je? Jifunze kuwa mtu wa kutoa na kupokea, usiwe mchoyo mkuu.
Sasa turudi kwenye somo,
Mtendwa ni yule anaeathirika na jambo, au jambo linamgusa moja kwa moja kadiri kitenzi kinavyoeleza na mtendewa ni yule jambo limefanywa kwa niaba yake.
Mfano
Muungwana killed Mtiifu. (Hapa Mtiifu ametendwa, hivyo ni mtendwa wa jambo), wakati Muungwana ni mtenda wa jambo
My brother bought me a car ( hapa me(mimi) ni mtendewa na gari ni kitendwa)
vyote, me na car vinaguswa na kitenzi bought, lakini car inaguswa moja kwa moja kwa mtu kuinunua, na me yeye gari linanunuliw akwa niaba yake.
Hivyo, mtu akikuonjea. Maana yake wewe upo zako mahali kisha mtu mwingine ametenda kitendo cha kuonja badala yako.
Tazama mifano zaidi
Orodha ya kushoto ni kauli ya kutendwa na hiyo kulia ni kauli ya kutendewa
Amepigwa.......................Amepigiwa
Amenyongwa.................Amenyongewa
Ametombwa...................Ametombewa (kuwa makini hapa, neno hili ni mwiko)
Karibu sana mkuuNadhani tuendeleeni wenyewe haya tunayamudu tukishirikiana...Nami nitatoa mchango wangu kadri niwezavyo,Nitakuja siku kuichambua tense mojawapo..Khantwe,Don tusiishie hapa..
Tukimaliza tenses tuje suala zima la grammar au chochote tutachokubaliana...Nami nime Subscribe uzi tayari...
Sent using Jamii Forums mobile app
Primary tulifundishwa hivi kwamba tuna past, present na future. Hii ya tense mbili tumefundishwa Advanced level au hata primary mtaala umebadilika siku hizi?Mkuu hatuna future tense, kawaida huwa hatuna nyakati zijazo tuna wakati uliopo na uliopita, hivyo tuna future time ambayo time aspects ambazo perfect, present, progressive/continues.
Sent using Jamii Forums mobile app
Nadhani tuendeleeni wenyewe haya tunayamudu tukishirikiana...Nami nitatoa mchango wangu kadri niwezavyo,Nitakuja siku kuichambua tense mojawapo..Khantwe,Don tusiishie hapa..
Tukimaliza tenses tuje suala zima la grammar au chochote tutachokubaliana...Nami nime Subscribe uzi tayari...
Sent using Jamii Forums mobile app
Primary tulifundishwa hivi kwamba tuna past, present na future. Hii ya tense mbili tumefundishwa Advanced level au hata primary mtaala umebadilika siku hizi?
[emoji16][emoji16][emoji16] wenzetu walioendelea mbele huenda walibakiwa na mojaHili somo naendelea kupata mapya. Kumbe tense zinabaki mbili tu!
Aisee.
Haya yote uliniambia ninayajua. Don kauliza object ni mtendewa au mtendwa? Nikamjibu yote ni sawa kisha nikampa mifano ya objective pronoun 'me' inayoonyesha mtendwa na inayoonyesha mtendewa wewe ukasema ni mtenda ndio nikakuuliza kivipi? Kwenye hiyo sentensi mtenda ni nani?
[emoji16][emoji16][emoji16] wenzetu walioendelea mbele huenda walibakiwa na moja
Halafu kuna ile thread inaenda kwa jina la 'English learning thread' hivi bado ipo?
Wewe mtu, hivi unasoma nilichokiandika? Nijibu hili swali kwanza....pale kwenye sentence mbili nilizoandika yuko wapi mtenda?Ndugu, pale ulisema vyote, mtendwa na mtendewa ni sawa. Hiki ndicho nilichopinga, ndiyo maana wanasarufi wakaja na hoja ya direct object na indirect object. Katika sentensi
Y bought K a car.
Huyo atakaepokea gari, K ni mtendewa(indirect object) na gari ni kitendwa(direct object). Huu ndiyo utofauti nilitaka kuubainisha. Aidha, Y atabaki kuwa mtenda wa jambo, ameitenda gari(yani kainunua) na amemtendea K jambo (yani kamnunulia gari K)