Nafikiri miaka hiyo kulikuwa na hizi Dublicating Machines kama Photocopies zilikuwa hazijaingia bado nchini. Ila pia kumbuka kuwa Jeshini mara nyingi wanapata vitu mapema kuliko sehemu nyingine. Sasa hilo la kugawa Copies kwa wanafunzi hapo Monduli, nafikiri linawezekana na hasa ukifikiria kuwa Monduli kwa miaka hiyo kilikuwa juu sana na kikichukua hadi wanafunzi wa nje kama akina Garang, Museven nk nk.
Duplicating machines were the predecessors of modern document-reproduction technology. They have now been replaced by digital duplicators,
scanners,
laser printers and
photocopiers, but for many years they were the primary means of reproducing documents for mass distribution.
Like the
typewriter, these machines were children of the second phase of the
industrial revolution which started near the end of the 19th century (also called the
Second Industrial Revolution)[
citation needed][
jargon]. This second phase brought to mass markets things like the small electric motors and the products of industrial chemistry without which the duplicating machines would not have been economical. By bringing greatly increased quantities of paperwork to life the duplicating machine and the
typewriter gradually changed the forms of the office
desk and transformed the nature of
office work.
They were often used in
schools, where cheap copying was in demand for the production of newsletters and worksheets, and self-publishers used these machines to produce
fanzines.
A photocopier (also known as a
copier or
copy machine) is a machine that makes
paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called
xerography, a dry process using heat. (Copiers can also use other technologies such as
ink jet, but xerography is standard for office copying.)
Xerographic office photocopying was introduced by
Xerox in
1959, and it gradually replaced copies made by
Verifax,
Photostat,
carbon paper,
mimeograph machines, and other
duplicating machines. The prevalence of its use is one of the factors that prevented the development of the
paperless office heralded early in the
digital revolution.
Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There have been many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete as information workers continue to increase their digital document creation and distribution, and rely less on distributing actual pieces of paper.