Ukweli wa Kustaajabisha Kuhusu Nyota za Angani
Ukweli wa Kustaajabisha Kuhusu Nyota za Angani
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Extraterrestrial
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- Aug 23, 2013
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Nimewaelewa wakuu,sorry.
Extraterrestrial
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- Aug 23, 2013
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Mkuu Mbona hujanijibu maswali yangu?Please assist.
Monstgala
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Sidhani kama kuna uhusiano labda hiyo alikuwa ameegemea zaidi kwenye elimu ya unajimu ambayo ni tofauti kabisa na hizi facts za sayansi. Fikiria nyota zilizoko katika ulimwengu unaoonekana (observable universe) ni nyingi kuliko mchanga wote wa bahari na mchanga wote ulioko katika dunia yetu. Sasa hata tukisema nchi moja inawakilishwa na nyota moja tutakuwa tunajichanganya. Nchi zilizoko duniani ni chache sana kwa uwiano wa idadi ya nyota hata za galaxi moja tu.
Pili kupigana kwa nyota ni msemo ambao hauwezi kufit vizuri na uhalisia wa nyota zinapokutana. Hapa kutakuwa hamna kupigana bali nyota moja inaweza kuvutwa kwenye ile yenye uzito na nguvu zaidi. Hili likitokea ile nyota yenye uzito mdogo itamezwa na kuwa sehemu ya nyota mpya yenye nguvu zaidi. Lakini pia kuna madubwasha ambayo ni kama mashimo meusi (black holes) yenye nguvu sana yanayomeza nyota na chochote kitakachokuwa karibu. Huko nako ni habari nyingine.
CharmingLady
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- Apr 16, 2012
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Ni kweli mkuu kuna maumbo / makundi fulani ya nyota. Nakumbuka kuna kundi la Ng'e, kuna kundi sijui la msalaba. Niliwahi kufundishwa kuhusu haya makundi ya nyota na nuliyashuhudia ila nilikuwa mdogo sana. Sikumbuki vyema.
Yapo na yana maana na huwa yanaonekana kwa nyakati fulani. Nikipata nafasi fulani....
Amalinze
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- May 6, 2012
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MJINI CHAI nyingi. ..
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Extraterrestrial
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- Aug 23, 2013
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Please do.
Angel Nylon
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- Jul 26, 2011
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Yaani zile nyota tunazoziita Taurus, scorpion, Sagittarius, Gemini na kama hizo.
Kuna great hunter, kuna Southern cross, kuna false cross nk.
Nakumbuka nlipokua mdogo kuna uncle wangu alokua ananionesha na kunifundisha majina yake, lkn long time now. Nshasahau
Monstgala
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- Aug 25, 2009
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Okay lakini sasa hiyo ni tofauti kabisa na hii mada maana hizo ni signs of the zodiacs ambazo ni mambo ya unajimu au astrology kwa kiingereza ambayo kama wengi waliouliza wamekuwa wanaichanganya na astronomy. Unajimu au Astrology ni elimu au dhana tofauti ambayo hii imejikita katika kutafuta mahusiano ya mwonekano wa nyota kutoka duniani na kuyahusisha na matukio (events) ya duniani au haiba ya watu (personalities) kulingana na mpangilio wa jua na mwezi au sayari wakati wa tarehe zao za kuzaliwa.
Taurus, scorpion, Sagittarius, Gemini na mengineyo uliyotaja si nyota bali mifumo ya jinsi nyota au au maumbo mengine ya angani yanavyoonekana kwetu na wanajimu wanatumia mifumo hii kufanya utabiri wao. Unajimu hauna misingi yoyote ya sayansi hivyo sio tu kwamba hauhusiani na ukweli wa nyota niliouainisha bali pia haukubaliki na jamii ya wanasayansi, baadhi ya dini na tamaduni nyinginezo.
dudupori
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- Jan 6, 2012
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Mkuu tunashukuru kwa nondo ulizomwaga, ila nimestaajabu kuhusu kulipuka na kufa kwa nyota, niulize tu hivi hiyo hali ikitokea kwa jua letu sipati picha kitkachotokea na nini, hebu tuelimishe zaidi mkuu.
Monstgala
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Dudupori, Jua kama zilivyo nyota nyingi, litakufa muda wake ukifika hii ni kwa sababu jua linachoma nishati kama nyota nyingine zote. kila sekunde tani millioni mia sita za hewa ya haidrojeni zinaunguzwa na kuwa helium katika kiini cha jua, process hii ya kikemikali inatengeneza kiasi cha watts 4,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 za nishati. Process hii inakadiriwa kuanza miaka bilioni nne na nusu iliyopita na imekuwa ikiendelea mpaka muda huu. Lakini si kwamba hydrogeni iliyopo haiwezi kuisha la hasha! hewa hii inaendelea kupungua kila sekunde na makadirio ya kisayansi yanaonesha imebaki miaka bilioni saba hewa hii iishe kabisa. Hapa ndipo ule mwisho wa jua utakapotokea.
Kwa kuwa Jua linatengeneza helium katika kiini chake, basi hydrogeni zaidi inachomwa. Hii inasababisha nishati inayotolewa kuzidi kila sekunde. Kwa maana nyingine joto, mwanga, miale tusioiona ya infrared, na matokeo mengine ya kuungua kwa hydrogeni katika jua yanaongezeka kila sekunde. Hatuwezi kuona tofauti kubwa kwa sasa lakini kwa kipindi cha miaka bilioni moja nishati inayotokana na process hii itakuwa imeongezeka kwa asilimia kumi.
Kwa maneno mengine ni kwamba jua linazidi kuwaka kwa jinsi muda unavyoenda ndivyo mwanga, joto na miale isiyoonekana inavyozidi. Hii sio habari nzuri kwetu. Kwa kipindi kirefu kijacho, nishati hii inayoongezeka itaunguza layer zinazoikinga dunia na maji yote katika dunia yatakaushwa kama mvuke na yasirudi tena duniani. Huu utakuwa mwanzo tu lakini kwa jisni muda utakaposogea basi maafa makubwa zaidi yatazikumba sayari zote zilizoko karibu na jua. Kwa kipindi hiki tayari maisha ya kawaida yatakuwa yamefutika kutokana na mabadiliko makubwa na dunia kuwa ya moto sana isiyokuwa na hewa ya kawaida.
Tukio la mwisho kabisa ambalo halitatukuta kwa maana ya kwamba sisi kama sehemu ya maisha yaliyoko katika Dunia tutafutika mapema sana katika uso wa Dunia, ni pale ambapo hydrogen itaisha katika jua. Helium inayotengenezwa katika process inayoendelea sasa katika kiini cha jua itakuwa imezidi sana na haitakuwa stable. Uzito wake utakuwa mkubwa sana ambao utasababisha ilipuke ndani kwa ndani hivyo kusababisha joto kali sana na uzito maradufu. Jua litaongezeka ukubwa na kumeza sayari na kila kitu kilichopo karibu yake. Hapa sasa jua litakuwa kama mojawapo ya majinyota makubwa kabisa (red giants) ambayo yako katika stage za mwisho za "maisha" yao.
Katika process hii ya mwisho helium ambayo ilikuwa ndio matokeo pale hydrogeni ilipokuwa inaungua, sasa Helium ndio inaungua na kusababisha Carbon. Hali hii haichukui muda mrefu kama ile process ya mwanzo, ni ndani ya miaka milioni mia moja helium itakuwa imeisha. Kinachofuata hapo ni mlipuko mkubwa sana baada ya helium shell kutokuwa stable. Mawili au zaidi yanaweza kutokea kutokana na hili, moja netron star kuibuka hapa unaweza ukarejea netron star inatokea vipi katika main post) au kiini cha carbon chenye size ndogo kubaki kikiendelea kuungua mpaka baadae kupoa kabisa katika joto la chini kabisa (absolute zero). Process hii ya kupoa inaweza kuchukua miaka trillioni moja. Tayari kuna nyota zilizopitia aina hii ya mwisho wao na zinajulikana kama white dwarfs.
Monstgala
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So, Extraterrestrial, I will respond in brief due to the fact that the questions you are asking were supposed to be replied in the other topic in order to avoid confusion.
The beings which I mentioned in that topic are more advanced than us, of course I also mentioned that there could be some in lower class which are not so advanced like us. Thus, for these who are in higher level compared to us, the hypothesis on their advancement is based on the fact that there are many stars which are like our sun about 5% to 20% of all stars in the observable universe. So let's take the conservative side and pick the small percentage, saying what do 5% of sun-like -stars means in numbers?, well that means 500 billion-billion stars are like our sun with planets and conditions like our solar system. With this amount it means life might be available on other areas of the universe in abundant levels and and types. Actually, the study by PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) suggest that there's 1% of habitable Earth-like planet around those sun-like- Stars
But what is interesting is the time of existence of these beings. If we take our case (Earth), the life in it has estimated to exist in more than 3.5 billion years. Therefore if there are other planets with life like ours but which has been around for 7 billion years or 5 billion years then there we are talking of very high advanced and civilized beings far beyond us.
What make them live longer is the technology. Once you have such high technology you can be able to eliminate things which actually make you go old and die. For now we can see the advancement of our own technology in medical science for example successful heart transplant as other JF member ( Qyberteq ) posted, and many more including stems cells. Imagine humanity with such growing technology after two billion years what do you see? Well, unimaginable, the death by diseases or age might not be a threat anymore. Here is where you see very long living beings with other incredible capabilities.
Consumption of energy is one major factor which are used to categorize these beings. For example we are still depending on fossil fuels when we advance further we will start depending on energy from our host star (Sun). The energy from the stars are more than what we can imagine if we could know how to utilize. As the signs of moving forward in our civilization we can witness the starting of usage solar power(energy from the star). At least that is the start but in the future there will be other super techniques to harness these abundant sources of energy. Once the civilization has more source of energy then the development and advancement of even more technology is even greater, just like how electricity elevated our current civilization. But consuming energy from stars will also have it's consequences so there should be alternatives when these stars are exhausted and can't give out what is needed. One of the way would be to move to the next star with similar conditions that can provide enough energy and it's planets can habit such beings.
About Jesus? No that is totally other discipline and it cant be mixed with those hypothesis.
I think you have grasped what you wanted to know and again I should apologize for others, since the questions are taken from the other topic which I explained the hypothesis of civilized intelligent beings apart from us.
Lukansola
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- Sep 5, 2010
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Natamani kujua ni kwa namna gani wanasayansi wanaweza kupima viwango kama umbali, ukubwa, kasi na uzito wa vitu ambavyo viko mbali kiasi hicho? Na pili, je, kuna njia yoyote ambayo sisi ambao sio scientists tunaweza kuitumia ku prove kama wanayosema ni kweli, au ndo inabidi tuamini tu hivyohivyo hata kama si kweli?
Asante kwa uzi wako wenye kuelimisha, hongera kwa kuutafsiri, hata mimi hupenda sana kusoma na kushangaa kuhusu science and technology.
Naomba karibu ya maswali yangu hapo juu.
Lukansola
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Duh, Mgalanjuka unafanya kazi NASA? We noma aisee.
Monstgala
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Mkuu thanks, Umbali, uzito na kasi ya vitu vilivyo mbali sana vinapimwa kwa njia mbalimbali ambazo ziko valid na kwa jinsi zilivyo accurate basi kunakuwa hamna wasiwasi kuhusu matokeo ya vipimo hivi.
Lakini kikubwa zaidi ni mathematics (hisabati). Katika sayansi kitu ambacho sis kama binadamu tunaweza kujivunia sana ni hisabati. Hiki ndio kiini cha mafanikio yote ya sayansi na mpaka sasa hesabu hazijatudanganya kwa hali yoyote. Katika hisabati kuna calculations, equations formula nyingi kutoka kwa wataalam. Hapa ndio assumptions zote na hypothesis zinatengenezwa alafu zinapimwa na kukokotolewa kwa kuegemea kwenye constants ambazo zinajulikana na hazibadiliki (mfano Stefan-Boltzmann constant katika kupima size ya nyota etc.)
Baadhi ya vipimo vya umbali (distances) uzito (mass) na ukubwa( size) wa nyota ni jinsi mng'aro/muwako/rangi (luminosity) inavyoonekana katika telescope kubwa mfano tayari kuna categorizations za jinsi rangi za nyota zilivyo na size zao kutokana na rangi/muwako (luminosity) wake na pia equations za kutosha.(mass-luminosity and mass-radius relations)
Pia kuna mifumo ya kimahesabu ya kulinganisha (binary stars) kama visual binary, spectroscopic binary, eclipsing binary ambapo formula kama Keplers Law zinatumika kukokotoa uzito wa nyota.
Pia njia nyingine mbali na mng'aro(luminosity) wa nyota, ni joto(temperature), aina ya miale(spectra type), uzito(solar masses) vyote hivi vinapimwa na vinatumika kuleta majibu ya vipimo vingine. Yani kwa mfano ukishajua joto la nyota hii basi unaweza kutumia kigezo cha joto lake katika kupima ukubwa.
Technique za vipimo vya kawaida ni kama stellar paralalax na spectroscopic parallax(angles parallactic na apparent magnitude) kwa kupima umbali. Astrometry mwendo sawia na mistari ya spectral katika kupima kasi (radial velocity na transverse velocity). Photometry na spectrometry (rangi na spectra type) hizi ni katika kupima Joto. Ukubwa wa nyota kwa kipenyo(radius) unapimwa kwa agular size, luminosity and temperature. Composition au vitu gani vilivyo katika nyota inapimwa kwa spectroscopy.Kuangalia na kulinganisha binary stars ni katika kupima uzito wa nyota kama ambavyo nimesema hapo juu. Katika mbinu hizi theories nyingi zinatumika kwa nafasi zake kama vile Doppler effect, inverse-square law, elementary geometry, radius-luminosity-temperature relationship, atomic physics, Newton gravity and dynamics na nyingine nyingi.
Makadirio na majibu mengi ya uzito umbali na kasi yakiwa na namba kamili yamewezekana kutokana na kuwa na super computers ambazo hizi zinaweza kufanya hesabu nyingi sana ambazo kwa ubongo wetu wa kawaida isingekuwa rahisi kupata jibu. Super computers zinatengeneza simulations kutokana na calculations na equations zilizoingizwa basi hapa tunaweza majibu mengi na hata kupata picha ya maumbo tofauti yaliyoko mbali sana.
Kwa swali la mwisho kwamba je sisi ambao sio scientists tunaweza kuprove vipi, hapo sasa kweli kuna changamoto ingawa kama unauwezo unaweza kuprove kabisa n ahata kugundua kitu kipya ambacho wao hawajagundua. Changamoto ya kwanza ni ya kiuchumi, hizi projects, studies and workshops ni ghali sana kwa mtu wa kawaida kujifanyia. Nyingi zinafadhiliwa na mashirika mbalimbali, nchi pamoja na michango ya watu binafsi matajiri wenye interest nazo. Kwa mtu wa kawaida unaweza kununua telescope nzuri ukaangalia angani na pia unaweza kuwa na simple lab ambayo unaweza kupima vitu fulani katika basic level.
Mojawapo ya scientific experiments kubwa kabisa kuwahi kuundwa ni hii ya Cern hydron collider ambayo ni katika kujaribu kuprove theory za kina Professor Higgs. Imechukua zaidi ya miaka hamsini tangu prof. Higgs na wenzake watheorize na kuandika equations hizo katika particle physics na hatimaye sasa ndio scientists wanaprove. Ndio ni ghali sana.
Changamoto nyingine ni uelewa maana itakuwa vigumu kwa mtu ambaye sio mwanasayansi kujaribu kuprove baadhi mambo ambayo ni complex na yanahitaji uelewa katika misingi yake ili kuweza kufanya conclusion. Hapa kuna mathematics, physics, geometry, astronomy na fields nyingine nzito ambazo lazima uzielewe.
Tunachoweza kujivunia ni kwamba wanasayansi wako wengi sana na kitu hakipiti kirahisi kabla ya kuchujwa na wengine ili kuprove ukweli wake. Hitimisho langu linakuwa tunategemea jopo la wanasayansi katika kuprove mambo haya. Hawa wako wengi dunia nzima na wakipitisha limepita. Cheers.
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