Naomba ntoe elimu kuhusu hybrid car.
Gari hybrid kuna za aina mbili. Kuna ambayo ina mpaka mfumo wa kucharge kama simu(plug-in hybrid) na hybrid car isiyo kua na sehemu ya kucharge kwenye soketi ya umeme(non plug-in hybrid car)
Sasa for car to qualify to be hybrid car ni kwamba inakua na injini na high voltage battery (lakini pia inakua na betri ndogo ya gari kama hizi tulizozoea)
Na inakua na mota mbili (MG1 na MG 2) hizi mota moja MG2 ndio inayopeleka nguvu kwenye matairi na hii mota pia huwa. Imeungwa kwenye injini ambapo wakati nguvu nyingi za kupush gari zinapo hitajika basi injini uingia kati na kusaidiana na mota (MG2) kutembeza gari.
Mota ya (MG1) kazi yake yake ni kuchaji hy voltage battery wakati injini inapokua inawaka na pia hii ndio mota inayo washa injini pia. (Kumbuka hybrid car haina starter.
Kazi ya high voltage battery ni ku power MG1 mota, ku power ac compressor (kumbuka compressor ya hybrid car hizungushwi na belt kama conventional car, na pia hii hybrid battery (high voltage battery) ndio inayo charge ile betri ya v 12 kupitia mfumo wa DC to DC inverter (hii betri ya volt12 ni ku kupower all 12v electric equipments kama radio,taa za gari ntc
Sasa hybrid car inavofanya kazi ni kuna kitu kinaitwa hybrid management system kipo pale mbele ya engine compartment (primary computer for hybrid car).. kazi ni kumanage mfumo mzima wa high voltage na hybrid. Hapa ni kwamba injini inafanya kazi kama jenerata inachaji betri. Then betri ikifika level ambapo kumpyuta itaona inafaa injini inazima ila vitu vingine vinaendelea kama ac operation, car movement pale betri ikienda low voltage utasikia injini inawaka yenyewe kucharge betri tena.. hapa ndo fuel efficiency ya hybrid cars inapotokea..
kwa hybrid ambayo unachaji pia kama tesla yenye inakua imeongezea source moja ya kucharge hybrid battery.. ambapo unaweza toka nyumban battery imejaa charge baada ya kucharge usiku kucha, gari ikatembea,, sasa charge ya betr ikikaribia kuisha automatically engine itawaka kuichaji betri huku gari inatembea badae kama sekunde 3 kama gari ipo stationary ijini itazima ila kama gari inatembea injini inaweza waka dakika moja then ikazima yenye ukaendelea na umeme( kuifupi driving circumstances ndo zina determine frequency ya injini kuwa na kizima)
Hybrid car zinakitu kinaitwa regenerative braking. (Unapofunga brake badala ya gari kutumia brake calipers kufunga brake ni MG1 mota ita engage na injini inazima alafu tairi zinaizungusha MG1 mota kwa ajiri ya kucharge hybrid battery. Na ndo maana ukiwa unaendesha hybrid car ukifungu brake utaona bars za battery zinaongezeka. Na pia kwakua brake hazitumiki sana, brake za hybrid cars hudumu muda mrefu sana kuliko gari za kawaida.
Hybrid car zipo na mode kadhaa za kuendesha gari(driving mode) 1 kuna EV(yaan electric mode only) 2 (Hybrid mode-yaan injini na mota vinafanya kazi kwa wakati mmoja kuendesha gari 3 ECOMode yaaan hapa gari ino- monitor inputs zake kwenye throttle pressings zako na yenye ku respond taratibu mpaka una gain moment ya ku accelerate fast. Pia kuna power mode hii sasa kama unataka drive aggressively. (Every driving mode has its own impact kwenya fuel consumption)
Now how to maintain hybrid cars (ishu kubwa najua ni betri) Hybrid cars are supper reliable (Toyota tu maana ndo wapo kwenye game mrefu) shida kubwa kinacho ua betri na joto.. like any other batteries, betri za hybrid cars zina ventilation mechanisms Ambapo zina hitaji proper air circulation kwa ajili ya cooling(ukiwa na hybrid car mfano toyota Prius kwenye kiti cha nyuma kuna mahala utakuta kuna vents, hizi vents ni for fan to suck in air for cooling battery sasa huwa kuna filter ambayo with time hujaa vumbi na kua affect airflow volume na hatima battery kuchemka na kuanza kupoteza storage capacity, ila ukizingatia kusafisha filters gari inakaa muda mrefu sana. Imagine prius zinafika mpaka km400,000 with original battery..
Pia hizi battery huwa zinakua na pack za betri za volt kama 1.5 ambazo zina pangwa in series mpaka zinafika volts 300+ sasa kuna kua na battery modules zinazo monitor every single cell ya kwenye hybrid battery, so kukitokea kuna variation kubwa ya voltage discharge hata kwa cell moja, red triangle itawaka kiashiria kuna tatizo kwenye hybrid battery. So ukichomeka scanning machine ambayo ni advance itakuonyesha ni cell zipi zinashida.. so badala ya kununua hybrid battery yote fund anaweza fungua battery backs na ku replace pack ilio nashida akafanya battery balancing akarudisha maisha yakaendelea (note: hybrid system involves high voltage DC and AC na wire zake utazitambua kwa rangi zinakua na rangi ya orange hivo fundi wakutengeneza hii gari should be professional person who knows how hybrid system works lasivo mtu anaweza poteza maisha)
Ila msi site nunua Hybrid cars.. tena ukiwa ni mtundu hybrid car can be used as generator to power a house-using dc to ac inverter. Ambapo dc cables zinatika kwenye betri ya v12 unazipeleka kwenye inverter, then inverter ina convert ile v12 to Ac 220v na watt 2000 kama inverter yako ni ya watt 2000 baada ya hapo you have proper off grid electricity to power your various electric equipments. Angalia wazungu wanavo fanya camping na toyota Prius hadi uta enjoy..
Naomba niishie hapa.