Aisee kweli usilolijua ni kama usiku wa giza.... kidogo niamua kukuacha nisipoteze muda wangu ila ngoja nitoe elimu ya bure kwako...
Moja: Nimesema Forex wewe day trader unayeshinda na computer na kuangalia hizo signals pia Banks na Institutions zina Computers na Softwares ambazo ziko programmed ku-detect signals tena in micro-seconds , kwa day trader its a high risk business in long term...,
ILA
Mbili: Wajanja badala ya kutumia muda mwingi kucheza na signal kuna njia nyepesi ambayo haina risks..., kuuza sytems zao, vitabu, semina na njia nzuri zaidi ni Hedge Funds Managers ambao wanatumia pesa za watu kuwa-investia wakishinda wanapata profiti wote wakishindwa mwenye pesa ndio anapata hasara..
Tatu: Nani kasema watu hawapati pesa ? hata Ponzi scheme kuna wanaokula na wanaoliwa.., na hii haibadilishi this is a high risk business.., pia kuna watu wana currency za kutosha wakiamua wanaweza hata kuyumbisha nchi ngoja nikupe kisa kilichoitokea England kwenye Black Wednesday... In Short kama unaona uvivu kusoma ni kwamba speculators walijua mwisho wa siku England itanyanyua mikono hivyo wakawa wanashort sell the pound...,
George Soros became one of the most famous currency traders in the world, thanks to his timely and brave bet against the Bank of England in 1992 on what became known as Black Wednesday. With costs of around £3.3 billion,
Britain's central bank was unable to defend itself from an attack in the
currency markets, and Mr. Soros made an estimated $1 billion in profit as a result.
Black Wednesday's Underlying Causes
When Britain joined the ERM, the rate was set to 2.95 Deutsche Marks per Pound Sterling with a 6 percent permissible move in either direction. The problem was that the country's
inflation rate was three times that of Germany's, interest rates were at 15 percent, and the country's economic boom was far into a period of unsustainable growth, which set the stage for a bust period.
Currency traders took note of these underlying problems and began short selling the Pound Sterling. That is, they were borrowing and immediately converting Pound Sterling into a foreign currency with the agreement to re-convert them in the future. George Soros was one of these bearish currency traders, amassing a
short position of more than $10 billion worth of Pound Sterling.
Black Wednesday and Its Aftermath
The UK's prime minister and cabinet members authorized the spending of billions in Pounds Sterling as an attempt to contain the short selling by speculators. Moreover, the British government announced that it would raise its interest rates from 10 percent to 15 percent to try and attract currency traders looking for greater yield on their currency holdings.
Unfortunately, currency speculators didn't believe the government would make good on these promises and continued shorting the Pound Sterling. After an emergency meeting among top officials, the country was ultimately forced to withdraw from the ERM, to let the market revalue its currency to more appropriate, lower levels.
The country was arguably thrown into a
recession afterward, with many British citizens referring to the ERM as the "Eternal Recession Machine." While the government lost a lot of money, some politicians are glad the ERM disaster occurred, since it paved the way for a more conservative government to enter the fold and revive the economy.
L
essons from Black Wednesday
Black Wednesday teaches a number of important lessons to both currency traders and governments, including some lessons that may surprise readers. For instance, statistical data suggests that the British economy was growing faster in the ERM than published figures suggest, and the resulting recession may have instead been due to the aftermath of the Lawson boom.
Lessons for governments might include:
- Don't dictate interest rates: The ERM interest rates were set for Germany when they should have been set by Europe for Europe.
- Pick your fights against speculators: Taking extreme measures to counteract decisive market action often becomes a futile and expensive endeavor.
Lessons for currency traders could include:
- Nothing's impossible: The departure of Britain from the ERM was unthinkable to many during the crisis, but even governments make big mistakes.
- Be ready for extreme measures: Britain's decision to raise interest rates from 2 percent to 5 percent in a single day demonstrates potential government resolve.
Currency trader George Soros became famous for breaking the Bank of England in 1992, during what became known as Black Wednesday.
www.thebalance.com
