Najua why you would like to know my phone number,muulize Mod.Kama usipoipata, naomba urudie kusoma mada yangu vizuri,msilete distortion ambazo ni uncalled for.Nime-address nia ya matangazo sio matangazo,come back to your senses folks.Unapotangaza kitu kwa nia ovu ya kufurahia,kuleta hofu na mtafaruku kwenye jamii ni sahihi?Ni mjinga tu anayeweza kuamini kwamba hiyo ni sahihi.Hujaweka namba ya simu
Kama huna mamlaka ya kutoa taarifa hiyo na haikuhusu,why should you provide the information.Unapofanya jambo ni lazima ipo sababu ya kulifanya,na katika hili,it is obvious the intent is evil:fearmongering,to destroy our countrie's international reputation and to bring mayhem to the population.Wewe unafahamu vipi nia za watu wanaotoa taarifa?
Na huu ndio ukweli wenyewe, tumechereweshwa sana.Nani kakwambia Marekani watu wanakufa na Corona kuliko hapa kwetu? Au umesikia kwa Mzee baba?
Unalinganisha vipi wewe nchi mbili kuja na kauli nyepesi kama hii?
Habari zingine za uongo na kweli kama hizi muwe mna zipeleka Chatto vijijini.
Mijini wana uelewa zaidi. Huko hamuwezi kutoboa.
Au nasema uongo ndugu zangu?
This is not none sense,ni sawa kabisa.Matangazo haya yana athari zifuatazo:👇 👇 👇 👇 👇 👇 👇
Wanaotangaza vifo vya watu mashuhuri kila kukicha kwenye mitandao ya kijamii wajumuishwe kwenye uhujimu uchumi,hawana nia njema na Taifa letu.
Maelezo mengi mno, tanzania kuna koroa au hakuna? Pili hayo matangazo ya vifo media nyingine hutangazi bila kulipia sasa hapa ni bure kwanini usishukuru? Alifariki maalim seif serikali ya znz kupitia kwa raisi wake walitangaza kwanini hukuwalalamikia wale kwa kutangaza? Alifariki marehemu J Kijazi mzee baba alitangaza kwanini hawakufanya siri kama utakavyo?Shetani kazi yake ni kuharibu,kuua na kuiba,ndivyo Biblia inavyosema.Kwa hiyo kila mahali utakapo shuhudia uharibifu,vifo na wizi,ni lazima mkono wa Shetani upo.Si ajabu kwa hiyo kwamba Shetani hufurahia matukio hayo na hufanya kila mbinu chafu ili watu waibiwe,wafe na kuwe na uharibifu.
Kumezuka siku za hivi karibuni tabia ambayo si ya kawaida na kiungwana kabisa,kwa binadamu,ambayo sina shaka yeyote kwamba ina mkono wa Shetani.Tabia hii ni tabia ya kutangaza na kushabikia vifo vya watu mbali mbali,hasa wenye mamlaka au ukwasi,katika hali inayo-ashiria kwamba matangazo hayo yanafurahia vifo hivyo.Kiukweli ni Shetani tu anayeweza kufurahia kifo cha binadamu yeyote.
Ukitafakari kwa kina matangazo hayo, utagundua pasi shaka yeyote kwamba ushabiki huu wa watu kufa una misingi ya kishetani.Najua wapo watu wenye nia mbaya na taifa letu,hii ni pamoja na kuona kwamba Taifa letu linapata majanga ya kila aina,ili lisifanikiwe kwa njia yeyote ile. Makundi yenye nia hii ovu ni ya watu ambao waliigeuza Tanzania kuwa shamba la bibi na hata kulifanya kuwa soko la madawa ya kulevya.
Ni vigumu hasa kuona watu hawa wanapata faida gani kwa hararaka haraka kwa kuitangazia dunia kwamba Tanzania watu wanakufa sana.Hata hivyo ukitafakari kwa kina utagundua sababu ya kushabikia vifo hivyo!
Sababu ya msingi ni Ili Tanzania ionekane kwamba ina ugonjwa wa Corona na hivyo kuharibu uchumi wa nchi yetu.Haishangazi kwa hiyo kwamba Ubalozi wa Marekani umetangaza kwamba Tanzania sio salama kutembelea,eti kwa kuwa kuna Corona,wakati Marekani kwenyewe tatizo lipo,tena kubwa sana hata kuliko Tanzania.Haishangazi pia kwamba Marekani imetangaza eti nia yake ya kuisaidia Tanzania ishinde Corona,wakati kwao wameshindwa!Nia ya matangazo yote haya ni ile ile,kuifanya dunia iamini kwamba Tanzania kuna Corona na hivyo kuharibu tashwira yake kimataifa na uchumi wake.
Tupo kwenye vita ya kiuchumi ambapo tumediriki hata kuanzisha mahakama za mafisadi.Hawa wanaotangaza vifo vya watu mashuhuri kwenye mitandao ya kijamii na forums zingine,hawana tofauti yeyote na wahuju uchumi,wawe rounded up na wafikishwe kwenye vyombo vya sheria.Tukiwachekea tutakula mabua.
Soma kwa makini ulichoandikaNaona kwako na wengi elimu ndio shida.Endeleeni kulishwa matango mwitu na Wazungu.
🙏 🙏 🙏 🙏This is not none sense,ni sawa kabisa.Matangazo haya yana athari zifuatazo:
1.Yataharibu biashara ya Tanzania na nchi za nje kwa kuwa watu wataamini kwamba hali ya Corona nchini ni mbaya.
2.Yataharibu reputation yetu kama nchi to other countries,na hivyo kuharibu biashara yetu na nchi za nje pia.
Let me be frank,ni mtu asiyeipenda nchi yake tu na anayetumiwa na nchi zingine kwa nia ovu anayeweza kufanya ujinga huu.
Utakosa uteuziNajua why you would like to know my phone number,muulize Mod.Kama usipoipata, naomba urudie kusoma mada yangu vizuri,msilete distortion ambazo ni uncalled for.Nime-address nia ya matangazo sio matangazo,come back to your senses folks.Unapotangaza kitu kwa nia ovu ya kufurahia,kuleta hofu na mtafaruku kwenye jamii ni sahihi?Ni mjinga tu anayeweza kuamini kwamba hiyo ni sahihi.
Upo sawa.Shetani kazi yake ni kuharibu,kuua na kuiba,ndivyo Biblia inavyosema.Kwa hiyo kila mahali utakapo shuhudia uharibifu,vifo na wizi,ni lazima mkono wa Shetani upo.Si ajabu kwa hiyo kwamba Shetani hufurahia matukio hayo na hufanya kila mbinu chafu ili watu waibiwe,wafe na kuwe na uharibifu.
Kumezuka siku za hivi karibuni tabia ambayo si ya kawaida na kiungwana kabisa,kwa binadamu,ambayo sina shaka yeyote kwamba ina mkono wa Shetani.Tabia hii ni tabia ya kutangaza na kushabikia vifo vya watu mbali mbali,hasa wenye mamlaka au ukwasi,katika hali inayo-ashiria kwamba matangazo hayo yanafurahia vifo hivyo.Kiukweli ni Shetani tu anayeweza kufurahia kifo cha binadamu yeyote.
Ukitafakari kwa kina matangazo hayo, utagundua pasi shaka yeyote kwamba ushabiki huu wa watu kufa una misingi ya kishetani.Najua wapo watu wenye nia mbaya na taifa letu,hii ni pamoja na kuona kwamba Taifa letu linapata majanga ya kila aina,ili lisifanikiwe kwa njia yeyote ile. Makundi yenye nia hii ovu ni ya watu ambao waliigeuza Tanzania kuwa shamba la bibi na hata kulifanya kuwa soko la madawa ya kulevya.
Ni vigumu hasa kuona watu hawa wanapata faida gani kwa hararaka haraka kwa kuitangazia dunia kwamba Tanzania watu wanakufa sana.Hata hivyo ukitafakari kwa kina utagundua sababu ya kushabikia vifo hivyo!
Sababu ya msingi ni Ili Tanzania ionekane kwamba ina ugonjwa wa Corona na hivyo kuharibu uchumi wa nchi yetu.Haishangazi kwa hiyo kwamba Ubalozi wa Marekani umetangaza kwamba Tanzania sio salama kutembelea,eti kwa kuwa kuna Corona,wakati Marekani kwenyewe tatizo lipo,tena kubwa sana hata kuliko Tanzania.Haishangazi pia kwamba Marekani imetangaza eti nia yake ya kuisaidia Tanzania ishinde Corona,wakati kwao wameshindwa!Nia ya matangazo yote haya ni ile ile,kuifanya dunia iamini kwamba Tanzania kuna Corona na hivyo kuharibu tashwira yake kimataifa na uchumi wake.
Tupo kwenye vita ya kiuchumi ambapo tumediriki hata kuanzisha mahakama za mafisadi.Hawa wanaotangaza vifo vya watu mashuhuri kwenye mitandao ya kijamii na forums zingine,hawana tofauti yeyote na wahuju uchumi,wawe rounded up na wafikishwe kwenye vyombo vya sheria.Tukiwachekea tutakula mabua.
Itategemeana unaelewa vipi kuhusu neno uzalendo.Vijana wa sasa hawana uzalendo
So aliyekuwa anawatangaza Ummy Mwalimu walikuwa wanaumwa nini? Vipi kuhusu meko alisema mwanae anaumwa nini kipindi kile? na hao waliokuwa wanawatangaza waliwapimaje?Nimekuambia nipe scientific proof.Nitaaminije kitu cha kufikirika kisicho na scientific proof.I will be a fool then,niamini udaku?No way,I am not a loon.
huo utumwa hauwezi ondoka kwa akili/mawazo haya ya viongozi wetu ya kujiona ukiwa kiongozi wewe ndio una akili kuliko mtu mwingine kwenye taifa lako, ukisemacho ndio hicho!!miaka 60 toka hao slave master, wameondoka na kutukabidhi bara letu kuna kitu gani cha maana kimefanyika?kama hadi leo tu mwananchi ana pewa ahadi ya maji safi salama?kwani ni shida?!!karne hii una kuja na mambo ya kufikirika eti NYUNGU, yaani virus auawe na nyungu?!!!na hilo togwa toka NIMR?!!eti chanjo hizo ni za kupunguza waafrika?!!wakati madawa yote na chanjo miaka yote wao ndio wanakupa?"If u cant fight them, join them"Wewe ni mzungu?Dah,this is slavery at it's best.Sijawahi kuona mtu anayewapenda watesi wake,hii inawezekana tu if you have sold your soul to them.
Ila yule RC, makonda alipotangaza hadharani kuwa mtoto wa mbowe anaumwa covid19, alikuwa na nia nzuri wakati ule CDM, Wanaandaa maandamano?!!kama maalim seif, alitangazwa na chama chake, lakini serikali ya mapinduzi ilikuwa haitaki kabisa kusema kuwa ni kweli anaumwa COVID19!!huwezi tatua tatizo kwa kujidanganya kuwa halipoSoma mada yangu vizuri,usilete distortion za kijinga.Nime-address nia ya matangazo sio matangazo,come back to your senses.Unapotangaza kitu kwa nia ovu ya kufurahia,kuleta hofu na mtafaruku kwenye jamii ni sahihi?Acha ujinga.
Nani kakwambia Marekani watu wanakufa na Corona kuliko hapa kwetu? Au umesikia kwa Mzee baba?
Unalinganisha vipi wewe nchi mbili kuja na kauli nyepesi kama hii?
Habari zingine za uongo na kweli kama hizi muwe mna zipeleka Chatto vijijini.
Mijini wana uelewa zaidi. Huko hamuwezi kutoboa.
Au nasema uongo ndugu zangu?
Sina haja ya kukupa takwimu zipo kila mahali.America ndio ya kwanza kwa sasa,kwa reported statistics on the "scandemic."Na huu ndio ukweli wenyewe, tumechereweshwa sana.
Kosa litabaki kuwa kosa hata kama kafanya na ni.Halafu naomba nirudie nilicho address ni matangazo yenye nia ovu.Ila yule RC, makonda alipotangaza hadharani kuwa mtoto wa mbowe anaumwa covid19, alikuwa na nia nzuri wakati ule CDM, Wanaandaa maandamano?!!kama maalim seif, alitangazwa na chama chake, lakini serikali ya mapinduzi ilikuwa haitaki kabisa kusema kuwa ni kweli anaumwa COVID19!!huwezi tatua tatizo kwa kujidanganya kuwa halipo
Unatangaza kwa nia gani ndio kosa.Hivi uko low kiasi kwamba unashindwa kuelewa bandiko langu,au unafanya distortion makusudi kwa faida ya mabwana zako?Mtatuniwa mpaka lini.Mnakera sana.Tokea lini matangazo ya vifo yakawa ni makosa...
Areafiftyyone,
Data takwimu biographies eulogies zinazowekwa hapa zitasaidia wanaosoma afya ya umma public health / History of pandemics au wenye kutafuta ukweli.
Maana serikali, wasomi, Maktaba na wizara husika wanakataa kutambua changamoto na uwezo wa gonjwa hili hivyo wameamua kutokuweka kumbukumbu cha chochote kuhusu ugonjwa huu.
Cheki umuhimu wa matangazo ya vifo, kuhifadhi takwimu n.k ktk kuboresha na kujikinga kupitia historia ya vifo,uchunguzi na aina ya mapambano dhidi ya magonjwa
Prof. Frank Snowden lecture on history of major pandemics :
Video segments :
Source: YALEcourses
- 00:00 - Chapter 1. Responses to the Plague and Miasmatism
- 09:05 - Chapter 2. Individual Measures of Self-Protection and Scape-Goating
- 18:52 - Chapter 3. Religiosity
- 25:51 - Chapter 4. Organized Public Health Measures
- 37:25 - Chapter 5. Did the Public Health Measures Succeed?
More :
The Hippocratic Corpus
For many centuries explanations for disease were based not on science, but on religion, superstition, and myth.
The Hippocratic Corpus was an early attempt to think about diseases, not as punishment from the gods, but as an imbalance of man with the environment. Although it was unsophisticated by today's standards, it was an important step forward. By considering the possibility that disease was associated with environmental factors or imbalances in diet or personal behaviors, the Corpus also opened up the possibility of intervening to prevent disease or treat it.
The Corpus looked at disease as an imbalance in natural forces or an imbalance in humours (or fluids): melancholy, phlegm, bile, and blood. Health depended on a proper balance of these humours. While crude, this concept of humours provided some sort of rationale for understanding health and disease. Greek physicians prescribed changes in diet or lifestyle and sometimes concocted drugs or performed surgery. An excess of the humour blood, for example, became the rationale for bloodletting, a practice that was followed for centuries (without any evidence of its efficacy).
Despite the contributions of the Corpus, medical and scientific progress in Europe was arrested for several centuries. The population grew, and cities became densely populated, but there was little attention to waste disposal and sanitation. These factors set the stage for endemic disease and periodic epidemics.
The Bubonic Plague (1347-1700s)
Bubonic plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria live in the intestines of fleas and are transmitted to rats by flea bites. The rats, therefore, serve as a natural reservoir for the disease, and fleas are the vectors. Occasionally, an infected flea would jump to a human and introduce the bacteria when a blood meal was taken. The bacteria would then spread to the regional lymph nodes and multiply, causing dark, tender, swollen nodules (buboes), as shown below in a boy a walnut-sized swelling in the inner aspect of his upper thigh. As the infection spread, the victim would experience headache, high fever, delirium, and finally death in about 60% of cases.
Starting in 1347, Europe experienced multiple waves of bubonic plague epidemics that lasted until the late 1700s. It is believed that the bubonic plague originated in Asia and traveled along trade routes into the Black Sea and then into the Mediterranean Sea. From there, it swept through Sicily and Italy and then up through France and the northern European countries all the way up into Scandinavia. There were many subsequent waves of plague that swept through Europe until the late 1700s. The map below shows the spread of plague over a three year period from Asia across the Black Sea into the Mediterranean and then through Italy, France, England, Northern Europe, and into Scandanavia.
Cause of the Plague and Strategies for Prevention
The cause of the plague was not known, but there were many theories. The most popular explanation was that it was caused by "miasmas," invisible vapors that emanated from swamps or cesspools and floated around in the air, where they could be inhaled. Others thought it was spread by person to person contact, or perhaps by too much sun exposure, or by intentional poisoning. The miasma theory was the most popular, however. One of the popes kept large fires burning at both ends of the room he worked in order to counteract the miasmas. The illustration on the left shows a "plague doctor," who is covered from head to toe, including a hood, a mask, gloves, and a beak-like sack on his nose. The covering on the nose contained aromatic herbs, which were believed to neutralize miasmas.
There were also crude medicines that were concocted to prevent or cure the bubonic plague; one of them was known as theriac. Of course, smoke and aromatic herbs and theriac were ineffective, because the plague was primarily spread by flea bites (although sometimes victims developed a plague pneumonia that caused them to cough up a bloody, plague-filled aerosol that could be transmitted to others by inhalation; this was the 'pneumonic' form of the plague). The below shows one of the "plague doctors" who were clothed from head to toe (including hood and mask) in order to protect themselves from the miasmas that spread plague.
While most believed that plague was caused by miasmas, the primary mode of transmission was actually via flea bites, and, in a sense, the real causes were increased population density and failure to dispose of garbage. Accumulations of garbage attracted rats and enabled the rat population to explode. Rats had harbored fleas and Yersinia pestis for many years without major difficulty, and plague epidemics in humans didn't occur until human behaviors created environments that brought people into proximity with rats, fleas, and Yersina pestis. These were the real causes of the plague epidemics.
At first glance one might blame the lack of understanding about transmission and the ineffective preventive measures on the primitive level of scientific understanding. However, the inability to identify the cause and the inability to identify effective control measures was not due to a lack of sophisticated technology. Instead, it was primarily due to the fact that humans had not yet developed a structured way to think about the determinants of disease. There were certainly theories of how the plague spread and these led to preventive strategies, but none of the theories or preventive strategies or treatments were ever tested by collecting observations in groups of people. The idea of studying groups of people to test associations between "risk factors" and disease outcomes had not yet evolved.
Key Concept: The lack of a systematic way of testing possible associations between exposures and outcomes ("risk factors" and disease) was the major factor that prevented advances in understanding the causes of disease and the development of effective strategies to prevent or treat disease.Quarantine and Isolation
The use of quarantine as a public health measure dates back to the 14th century when the Black Death ravaged Italy and the rest of Europe. Quarantine comes from the Italian quarantena, meaning forty-day period. Travelers and merchandise that had potentially been exposed to disease were isolated for a period of time to ensure that they weren't infected. Some cities and towns would create a "cordon sanitaire,' a physical barrier that could only be crossed with permission. This practice persisted into the late 19th century and early 20th century. When plague threatened San Francisco, the Chinese section was quarantined by encircling it with a rope with armed guards to ensure that unauthorized individuals did not pass through. a "cordon sanitaire" was also used during an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1899-1900 in Honolulu's Chinatown. Fourteen blocks of the city were literally cordoned off, isolation 10,000 people..
While quarantine is one of the oldest public health measures, it is still useful today. During the SARS epidemic, Toronto quarantined individuals who had potentially been exposed by confining them to their homes until it was certain that they weren't infected. This measure was effective in controlling SARS because individuals infected with SARS were not infectious until they began to exhibit symptoms. Consequently, if an individual was possibly exposed, but did not yet show symptoms, quarantine prevented them from infecting others. However, quarantine is less useful for diseases like influenza, when an infected person can spread the disease even before they begin having symptoms. Quarantine is different from isolation, which is separation of a person who has the disease; quarantine refers to the separation of an individual who has possibly been exposed to disease.
READ MORE : A Brief History of Public Health
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