Manda
JF-Expert Member
- Sep 24, 2007
- 2,071
- 306
The Bold,
Hongera kwa makala nzuri na yenye uchambuzi wa kina. Nina uelewa kiasi wa masuala ya ugaidi na mashariki ya kati, na naomba nichangie kidogo uelewa wangu wa kiini cha ugaidi as far as Osama and Al Quade they are concerned.
Chanzo
Ni vyema tukaanza kuelezea chanzo cha Mujahedeem legions (badae Al Quaeda) kwa kueleza source yake ambayo it is traced back to Muslim Brotherhood (1928) of Egypt na mafundisho yake ambayo yalikuwa na mchango mkubwa wa ushawishi wa revolt mashariki ya kati kwa namna mbili: Kwanza, kwa mara ya kwanza muislam ku justify kupitia imani yake ku-overthrow serikali inayoongozwa na mtu wa dini yake (Islamic republic) and of course, ku revolt against the imperialist (colonialist you may call them)
Kwaio, unaona kabisa miaka kumi na tatu kamili, tangu kunyongwa kwa Said Qutb, 1966, nchini Misri, that is 1979 unaona Islamic revolt inaanza, the same year unaona erruption in Iran, ya pro western Shah kuwa overthrown na Khomeini, unakuja unaona attempt ya seize ya Grand Mosque in Saudis, na of course Mujaheedeen vs USSR in Afghganistan.
Islamic reformist ilianzia na swali 'what went wrong'?, kwa scholars wengi kama Hassan al Banna (founder of Muslim Brotherhood) na Wahhabis (in Saudi Arabia) walikuwa wanajiuliza tatizo nini, kwa nchi za kiarabu (kislamu) kuwa nyuma? with depotic rulers and colonialists all over? ile nuru ambayo wali enjoy during Ottoman Empire imepotelewa wapi? ndipo apo unakutana na wasomi kama Banna wali argue for Modernist Salafism ambayo literal meaning ni kurudi kwenya asili ya dini, (return to salaf), ambako Quaran and Sunna gives the ultimatum and justification ya ku-rule the state.
Mafundisho ya Banna ndiyo ambayo yaliamsha ari ya vijana na reformists wengi wa kiislam ambayo walikuwa wamechoshwa na status quo, mind you, hata huyo Dr. Abdallah Yusuf Azzam 'father of global jihad', Said Qutb ambaye aliandika kitabu cha MILESTONE ( ndicho kitabu ambacho ni source ya all revolts and justification ya muslim to revolt against his own unjust muslim rulers) walikuwa influenced largely na maandiko na falsafa ya Banna.
WHAT HAPPENED?
Muslim Brotherhood ilikuwa hatari kwa mfumo wa ki-monarch na badae kidikekta kwa Misri, the ruthless leaders walikuwa wakiwafunga na kuwaua/eliminate viongozi wake, kama ambavyo ilitokea kwa Banna na Qutb in 1949 and 1966 respectively, wengine walienda exile in Saudi Arabia. However, in the same time, Wahhabis leaders walionekana hatari kwa mfumo wa kifalme wa Saudi, kutokana na conservative and traditional interpretation of Quran, hivyo ku-encourage walimu kutoka misri ambayo walikuwa exiled, apo ndio unakutaa na Muslim Brothers ambao kwa mtizamo wa Saudis walikuwa 'moderate'
Mafundisho na maandiko ya hawa watu wawili (Banna na Said) yalisambaa na kuamsha ari ya waislam kupambana na wadhalimu (wawe wakoloni au whatever), unaona miaka kumi na tatu baada ya 'sumu' kukolea, ndio unaona wanazaliwa kina Osama ambao nao walikolezwa na walim kama Azzam ambao tayari walikua ni wasomi wabobezi wa Salafi Jihad (midn you azzam alisoma Egypt PHD yake).
Kuelekea kwa Azzam Pakistan kuweka base ya kupambana na USSR kulivutia vijana wengi, plus the fact that, by then dunia haikuwai kuona au kuhis hatari ya Global Jihad in form of Salaf movemement ambayo dunia inaonja sasa, ndio maana, ukisoma unaona mobilizatio ya resources ilikua inafanyika hadi nchini Marekani ambako Azzam alitembelea na kufanya lectures mbalimbali na ku mobilize resources, huenda, kwa CIA analysis yao haikuweza ku forecast long term impact ya global jihad kwao wenyewe na nchi marafiki zao much as ilikua n dhana ngeni. Kuonyesha interest ya kupambana na Soviet had an special appeal kwa US ambaye alikua anapambana naye kupambana na communism.
MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD + WAHHABI SALAFISTs ideology zilipokutana Afhghanistan, sasa zikiwa under the organization of Dr Azzam na finance ya Osama and co, was a new BOMB, kukaziliwa a new form of Islam dunia ya sasa inapambana nayo, that is RADICAL ISLAM, ambayo it was a driving force to oust Soviets and later on to fights against the 'infidels' all over the world.
Niishie hapa, ila kama itabid ningeweza kuchombeza, the 'exportation' of Global Jihad, ilianzaje kutoka sasa Afghan na kwenda nje na kuyaona haya ambayo tunayaona sasa kama vile ISIS etc. Pia nadhan (kwa uelewa wangu), involvement ya US katika training ya mujaheeden was a mere tactical/operational one rather than a long term strategic patnership between the two, maana yangu, tayari the element of global jihad was there, na hivyo vi element ndivyo ambavyo US aliamua ku-capitalise, sidhan kama its a new phenemonen kwa wataalam wa mausala ya kiusalama. I may give several examples on this later on.
Best,
Hongera kwa makala nzuri na yenye uchambuzi wa kina. Nina uelewa kiasi wa masuala ya ugaidi na mashariki ya kati, na naomba nichangie kidogo uelewa wangu wa kiini cha ugaidi as far as Osama and Al Quade they are concerned.
Chanzo
Ni vyema tukaanza kuelezea chanzo cha Mujahedeem legions (badae Al Quaeda) kwa kueleza source yake ambayo it is traced back to Muslim Brotherhood (1928) of Egypt na mafundisho yake ambayo yalikuwa na mchango mkubwa wa ushawishi wa revolt mashariki ya kati kwa namna mbili: Kwanza, kwa mara ya kwanza muislam ku justify kupitia imani yake ku-overthrow serikali inayoongozwa na mtu wa dini yake (Islamic republic) and of course, ku revolt against the imperialist (colonialist you may call them)
Kwaio, unaona kabisa miaka kumi na tatu kamili, tangu kunyongwa kwa Said Qutb, 1966, nchini Misri, that is 1979 unaona Islamic revolt inaanza, the same year unaona erruption in Iran, ya pro western Shah kuwa overthrown na Khomeini, unakuja unaona attempt ya seize ya Grand Mosque in Saudis, na of course Mujaheedeen vs USSR in Afghganistan.
Islamic reformist ilianzia na swali 'what went wrong'?, kwa scholars wengi kama Hassan al Banna (founder of Muslim Brotherhood) na Wahhabis (in Saudi Arabia) walikuwa wanajiuliza tatizo nini, kwa nchi za kiarabu (kislamu) kuwa nyuma? with depotic rulers and colonialists all over? ile nuru ambayo wali enjoy during Ottoman Empire imepotelewa wapi? ndipo apo unakutana na wasomi kama Banna wali argue for Modernist Salafism ambayo literal meaning ni kurudi kwenya asili ya dini, (return to salaf), ambako Quaran and Sunna gives the ultimatum and justification ya ku-rule the state.
Mafundisho ya Banna ndiyo ambayo yaliamsha ari ya vijana na reformists wengi wa kiislam ambayo walikuwa wamechoshwa na status quo, mind you, hata huyo Dr. Abdallah Yusuf Azzam 'father of global jihad', Said Qutb ambaye aliandika kitabu cha MILESTONE ( ndicho kitabu ambacho ni source ya all revolts and justification ya muslim to revolt against his own unjust muslim rulers) walikuwa influenced largely na maandiko na falsafa ya Banna.
WHAT HAPPENED?
Muslim Brotherhood ilikuwa hatari kwa mfumo wa ki-monarch na badae kidikekta kwa Misri, the ruthless leaders walikuwa wakiwafunga na kuwaua/eliminate viongozi wake, kama ambavyo ilitokea kwa Banna na Qutb in 1949 and 1966 respectively, wengine walienda exile in Saudi Arabia. However, in the same time, Wahhabis leaders walionekana hatari kwa mfumo wa kifalme wa Saudi, kutokana na conservative and traditional interpretation of Quran, hivyo ku-encourage walimu kutoka misri ambayo walikuwa exiled, apo ndio unakutaa na Muslim Brothers ambao kwa mtizamo wa Saudis walikuwa 'moderate'
Mafundisho na maandiko ya hawa watu wawili (Banna na Said) yalisambaa na kuamsha ari ya waislam kupambana na wadhalimu (wawe wakoloni au whatever), unaona miaka kumi na tatu baada ya 'sumu' kukolea, ndio unaona wanazaliwa kina Osama ambao nao walikolezwa na walim kama Azzam ambao tayari walikua ni wasomi wabobezi wa Salafi Jihad (midn you azzam alisoma Egypt PHD yake).
Kuelekea kwa Azzam Pakistan kuweka base ya kupambana na USSR kulivutia vijana wengi, plus the fact that, by then dunia haikuwai kuona au kuhis hatari ya Global Jihad in form of Salaf movemement ambayo dunia inaonja sasa, ndio maana, ukisoma unaona mobilizatio ya resources ilikua inafanyika hadi nchini Marekani ambako Azzam alitembelea na kufanya lectures mbalimbali na ku mobilize resources, huenda, kwa CIA analysis yao haikuweza ku forecast long term impact ya global jihad kwao wenyewe na nchi marafiki zao much as ilikua n dhana ngeni. Kuonyesha interest ya kupambana na Soviet had an special appeal kwa US ambaye alikua anapambana naye kupambana na communism.
MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD + WAHHABI SALAFISTs ideology zilipokutana Afhghanistan, sasa zikiwa under the organization of Dr Azzam na finance ya Osama and co, was a new BOMB, kukaziliwa a new form of Islam dunia ya sasa inapambana nayo, that is RADICAL ISLAM, ambayo it was a driving force to oust Soviets and later on to fights against the 'infidels' all over the world.
Niishie hapa, ila kama itabid ningeweza kuchombeza, the 'exportation' of Global Jihad, ilianzaje kutoka sasa Afghan na kwenda nje na kuyaona haya ambayo tunayaona sasa kama vile ISIS etc. Pia nadhan (kwa uelewa wangu), involvement ya US katika training ya mujaheeden was a mere tactical/operational one rather than a long term strategic patnership between the two, maana yangu, tayari the element of global jihad was there, na hivyo vi element ndivyo ambavyo US aliamua ku-capitalise, sidhan kama its a new phenemonen kwa wataalam wa mausala ya kiusalama. I may give several examples on this later on.
Best,
