Maulaga59
JF-Expert Member
- Feb 1, 2021
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HUU DIO MKATABA WA KARL PETERS NA CHIEF MANGUNGO ULITUFANYA TUNAWEKWA CHINI YA MJERUMANI.
Ni MKATABA ambao umekuwa maarufu linapokuja suala la mikataba ya ULAGHAI ambayo iliiweka ardhi ya Tanganyika chini ya ukoloni wa Mjerumani. Ni mmojawapo ya aina ya ile mikataba iliyofanywa kwa hila na Mjerumani Dk. Karl Peters dhidi ya watawala wa Kiafrika ambayo ndiyo ilikuwa mwanzo wa kuitishwa kwa Mkutano wa Kuligawa Bara la Afrika mwaka 1884-1885 kule Berlin na kuanza kwa ukoloni barani humu.
Mkutano huo ambao pia unafahamika kama Congo Conference ulifanyika siku ya Jumamosi, Novemba 15, 1884 katika makazi rasmi ya Chancellor Otto von Bismarck huko Wilhelmstrasse.
Mataifa 14 yaliyohusika na mkutano huo muhimu yalikuwa Muungano wa Austria-Hungary, Ubelgiji, Denmark, Ufaransa, Dola ya Ujerumani yenyewe, Italia, Uholanzi, Dola ya Ottoman (Uturuki ya sasa), Ureno, Russia, Hispania, Muungano wa Sweden-Norway, Uingereza na Marekani.
Bismarck alikubali kuwa mwenyekiti. Mwakilishi wa Uingereza alikuwa Sir Edward Malet (Balozi wa Uingereza katika Dola ya Ujerumani). Henry Morton Stanley alihudhuria kama mwakilishi wa Marekani.
Akitumia ‘ujinga’ wa watawala wetu wa jadi ambao hawakujua kusoma wala kuandika, achilia mbali kuijua lugha ya Kijerumani, Karl Peters alitumia hila na kuwasainisha mikataba ya kilaghai ambapo bila wenyewe kuelewa, walijikuta wakimkabidhi, kwa niaba ya Ujerumani, himaya zao zote na wao wakawa watawaliwa.
Ni mkataba wa ulaghai ambao umekuwa ukipigiwa mfano zaidi nchini Tanzania. Mkataba kati ya Karl Peters na Chifu Mangungo wa Usagara huko Msovero, Wilaya ya Kilosa katika Mkoa wa Morogoro.
Vizawadi vidogo vidogo na hila nyingi, huku akitumia watumishi wake Waafrika ‘kutafsiri’ Kijerumani – ambacho pia hawakukijua – viliweza kumfanya Karl Peters amrubuni Chifu Mangungo aisalimishe himaya yake yote kwa Wajerumani bila kutambua.
Karl Peters, akiwa na miaka 28 tu wakati huo, na rafiki zake Dk. Karl Juhlke, Pfeil na August Otto waliondoka Ujerumani mwezi Septemba 1884. Walisafiri wakijifanya mafundi makenika huku wakitumia majina ya bandia hadi walipoingia Zanzibar ambako waliwasili Novemba 4, 1884. Baadaye wakavuka kuingia bara. Waliondoka Sadani mnamo Novemba 10 wakiwa na wapagazi 36.
Wakasafiri hadi Uzigua (ambako walimsainisha mkataba wa kwanza kabisa wa kilaghai Chifu Mbwela wa Wazigua) wakipitia Mto Wami hadi kuingia Uluguru, ambako kote walifanya mikataba ya ulaghai (bogus treaties) katika kila walikopitia. Chifu Mangungo wa Msowero katika Usagara mara nyingi ndiye anayetajwa kwenye mikataba hiyo ya kilaghai.
Mkataba wa ulaghai baina ya Karl Peters na Mangungo, ambao ndio maarufu unasomeka hivi kwa Kiingereza:
Mangungo, Sultan of Msovero in Mwenyisagara, and Dr. Karl Peters. Mangungo simultaneously for all his people and Dr. Peters for alt his present and future associates hereby concluded a treaty of Eternal Friendship.
Mangungo offers all his territory with all its civil appurtenances to Dr. Karl Peters, as the representative of the Society for German Colonization, for the exclusive and universal utilization for German colonization.
Dr. Karl Peters, in the name of the Society for German Colonization declares his willingness to take over the territory of the Sultan Mangungo with all rights for German Colonization subject to any existing suzerainty of Mwenyi Sagara.
In pursuance thereof, Sultan Mangungo hereby cedes all the territory of Msovero, belonging to him by inheritance or otherwise for all time, to Dr. Karl Peters, making over to him at the same time all his rights.
Dr. Karl Peters in the name of the Society for German Colonization undertakes to give special...attention to Msovero when colonizing Usagara.
This treaty has been communicated to the Sultan Mangungo by the interpreter Ramzan in a clear manner and has been signed by both sides, with the observation of the formalities valid in Usagara the Sultan on direct enquiry having declared that he was not in anyway dependent upon the Sultan of Zanzibar, and that he did not even know the existence of the latter.
Sgd. Dr. KARL PETERS
Sgd. MANGUNGO
