Tafiti ni nyingi sana tena sana, inabidi ujifundishe namna ya kuzitafuta kwenye vyanzo mbali mbali vya kielimu. Si itu, anza na hii kwa haraka haraka:
An open question in the history of human migration is the identity of the earliest Eurasian populations that have left contemporary descendants. The Arabian Peninsula was the initial site of the out-of-Africa migrations that occurred between 125,000 and 60,000 yr ago, leading to the hypothesis that the first Eurasian populations were established on the Peninsula and that contemporary indigenous Arabs are direct descendants of these ancient peoples. To assess this hypothesis, we sequenced the entire genomes of 104 unrelated natives of the Arabian Peninsula at high coverage, including 56 of indigenous Arab ancestry. The indigenous Arab genomes defined a cluster distinct from other ancestral groups, and these genomes showed clear hallmarks of an ancient out-of-Africa bottleneck. Similar to other Middle Eastern populations, the indigenous Arabs had higher levels of Neanderthal admixture compared to Africans but had lower levels than Europeans and Asians. These levels of Neanderthal admixture are consistent with an early divergence of Arab ancestors after the out-of-Africa bottleneck but before the major Neanderthal admixture events in Europe and other regions of Eurasia. When compared to worldwide populations sampled in the 1000 Genomes Project, although the indigenous Arabs had a signal of admixture with Europeans, they clustered in a basal, outgroup position to all 1000 Genomes non-Africans when considering pairwise similarity across the entire genome. These results place indigenous Arabs as the most distant relatives of all other contemporary non-Africans and identify these people as direct descendants of the first Eurasian populations established by the out-of-Africa migrations.
Chini hapa ni tfasiri yake kwa msaada wa google:
Swali la wazi katika historia ya uhamiaji wa binadamu ni utambulisho wa watu wa kwanza wa Eurasia ambao wameacha uzao wa kisasa. Rasi ya Arabia ilikuwa eneo la kwanza la uhamiaji wa nje ya Afrika ambao ulitokea kati ya 125,000 na 60,000 miaka iliyopita, na kusababisha dhana kwamba idadi ya kwanza ya watu wa Eurasia ilianzishwa kwenye Peninsula na kwamba Waarabu wa asili wa kisasa ni uzao wa moja kwa moja wa watu hawa wa kale. Ili kutathmini dhana hii, tulipanga genomes nzima ya wenyeji 104 wasiohusiana na Peninsula ya Arabia katika chanjo ya juu, ikiwa ni pamoja na 56 ya asili ya Kiarabu. Jenomu za asili za Kiarabu zilifafanua nguzo tofauti na vikundi vingine vya mababu, na genomes hizi zilionyesha alama wazi za kizuizi cha zamani cha nje ya Afrika. Sawa na watu wengine wa Mashariki ya Kati, Waarabu wa asili walikuwa na viwango vya juu vya mchanganyiko wa Neanderthal ikilinganishwa na Waafrika lakini walikuwa na viwango vya chini kuliko Wazungu na Waasia. Viwango hivi vya mchanganyiko wa Neanderthal vinaendana na tofauti ya mapema ya mababu wa Kiarabu baada ya kizuizi cha nje ya Afrika lakini kabla ya matukio makubwa ya mchanganyiko wa Neanderthal huko Ulaya na mikoa mingine ya Eurasia. Ikilinganishwa na idadi ya watu duniani kote sampuli katika 1000 Genomes Project, ingawa Waarabu wa asili alikuwa na ishara ya mchanganyiko na Wazungu, wao clustered katika basal, outgroup nafasi kwa wote 1000 Genomes wasio Waafrika wakati kuzingatia kufanana jozi katika genome nzima. Matokeo haya yanawaweka Waarabu wa asili kama jamaa wa mbali zaidi wa wasio Waafrika wa kisasa na kutambua watu hawa kama wazao wa moja kwa moja wa idadi ya kwanza ya Eurasian iliyoanzishwa na uhamiaji wa nje ya Afrika.
Chanzo:
Indigenous Arabs are descendants of the earliest split from ancient Eurasian populations
