asante sana. Voluminous judgements.
Legal documents na uchambuzi wa masuala ya kisheria hapa
Legal documents na uchambuzi wa masuala ya kisheria hapa
- Thread starter Dragoon
- Start date
Kwa mtu kama wewe ni vizuri ukazipitia. Nami pamoja na kuwa siyo mtu wa sheria, nitazipitia. Ninapenda kujua haya mambo. Njoki is 440 pages! With tables appended!
Asante tena kwa kuziweka hapa.
covid 19
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mkuu hab
mkuu habari, naomba nitafutie kitabu cha civil procedure by omary issa
Manda88
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Dragoon na Wadauu naomba kupata KESI ya UDHAMINI wa Nyumba kwa MTU au KAMPUNI kupewa mkopo
na mkopaji yupo ila ataki kumalizia mkopo
Nataka nipate some legal explanations kutokana na hizo kesi
Pia kesi inapoitwa na upande wa walalamikiwa hawaji nini taratibu za kufanya
na mkopaji yupo ila ataki kumalizia mkopo
Nataka nipate some legal explanations kutokana na hizo kesi
Pia kesi inapoitwa na upande wa walalamikiwa hawaji nini taratibu za kufanya
Manda88
New Member
- Oct 3, 2017
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YEAH nahitaji case-laws zinazohusu udhamini na mikopo
Dragoon
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- Nov 24, 2013
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Mkuu, Kwanza kabisa pole kwa kusongwa na huo mgogoro.
Utaratibu uliopo kisheria ni kwamba Mali ya familia (hapa ninazungumzia majengo na viwanja/mashamba) haiwezi kuwekwa dhamana ya mkopo isipokuwa tu pale wanandoa wote wameridhia. Upande mmoja wa ndoa (mme au mke) hauwezi kuweka dhamana nyumba au kiwanja kama upande mwingine haukuridhia au kushirikishwa, vinginevo dhamana hiyo haitakuwa na nguvu kisheria na ni batili.
Mabenki na taasisi za mikopo zimetengewa sheria mahsusi ya kuwaelekeza namna ya kutumia mali ya familia kama dhamana ya mkopo, na ni wajibu wao kuhakikisha kila upande wa ndoa/familia umeshirikishwa kabla ya mali kuwekwa dhamana. Sheria haitoi ahueni (exception) yeyote kwa pande moja kama inatokea ndoa ilikwisha vunjia au mahusiano ya ndoa sio mazuri. Ili mradi tu mme na mke bado wako hai na hakuna mgawanyo wa mali uliokwisha fanyika kihalali, basi italazimu kila mmoja ashirikishwe na atoe ridhaa yake katika uwekaji dhamana wa mali ya familia.
Inapotokea upande mmoja wa familia, aidha mme au mke anaihadaa benki kwa kuchukua mkopo na kuweka dhamana mali ya familia, basi dhamana hiyo itakua batili kama upanda ambau haukushirikishwa utapinga dhama hiyo. Pia benki au taasisi ya mikopo italazimika kisheria kudhibitisha kuwa pande zote mbili ziliridhia uwekwaji dhamana wa mali husika. Na kithibitisho hiki kiwe cha maandishi, sio maneno matupu.
Hata inapotokea mwenza mjoja anafariki baada ya dhamana kuwekwa, bado dhamana hiyo itahitaji kithibitishwa kuwa pande zote mbili ziliridhia. Mantiki ya hapa ni kuwamba Mkopo na dhamana yake lazima zifuate utaratibu wa kisheria kwa sababu zimewekwa kwa mujibu wa sheria. Hakuna mwenza atapata ahueni kwa sababu tu mwenza wake alifaliki, ahueni itapatikana pale tu dhamana ya mkopo ilifanya baada ya mwenza kufariki.
Kwa hiyo basi, hili suala lako linahitaji kutatuliwa ki mahakama. Kama benki wamekataa maombi yenu ya kulipa deni taratibu basi hamna namna nyingine zaidi ya kufungua shauri mahakamani. Hapa itategemea na kiwango cha thamani ya nyumba/mali ambayo ipo kwenye mgogoro. Kama thamani iko chini ya Shilingi za kitanzania milioni 50 basi shauri hilo lifunguliwe katika baraza la Ardhi na nyumba la wilaya. Kama thamani ya mali ni zaidi ya shilingi milioni 50 basi shauri hilo lifunguliwe Mahakama kuu, hasa kitengo cha Ardhi. Shauri linaweza pia kufunguliwa mahakama kuu ya kanda (District Registry).
Katika shauri hilo mshtaki ni lazima awe msimamizi wa mirathi wa hiyo mali yenye mgogoro (sababu wazazi wote ni marehemu kwa sasa). Washtakiwa ni Benki inayotaka kuuza mali na yeyote aliyepewa mamlaka ya kuuza mali hiyo, (mfano kampuni ya udalali).
Mkuu, katika kesi yenu zingatieni kupinga utaratibu wa kuuza hiyo mali kwa mnada na pia kukiukwa ka matakwa ya dhamana za mikopo kama nilivyoeleza hapo juu. Ili Mnada wa kuuza mali iliyoweka dhamana ya mkopo uwe halali, yafuatayo lazima yazingatiwe:
- Mkopaji awe ameshindwa kulipa deni kwa wakati na amepewa onyo kuhusu uchelewaji huo.
- Mali inayopigwa mnada lazima iwe mali ya aliyeweka dhamana.
- Taasisi ya mkopo au benki lazima iwe inatambulika kisheria kuwa inajihusisha na utoaji mikopo.
- Tangazo la kupiga mnada mali lazima liwe limetangazwa katika magazeti yasiyopungua mawili yanayosomwa mahali ambapo mali yenye mgogoro ipo siku zisizopungua 14 kabla ya tarehe ya mnada.
- Mmiliki wa mali yenye mgogoro lazima apewe notisi ya kupigwa kwa mnada wa mali hiyo.
- Siku ya mnada lazima iwekwe wazi.
Cha kuongezea hapo ni kuwa ingewafaa sana kama mngepata mwanasheria mzuri awasaidie katika kesi yenu. Kama nilivyosema hapo awali kufungua kesi hakuepukiki. Na kadri mnavyofanya haraka ya kufungua shauri ndio vizuri zaidi na salama kwenu. Zingatieni mda na jiepusheni na harakati zozote za kumaliza mgogoro nje ya mahakama kabla ya kufungua shauli mahakamani. Ikitokea mali ikapigwa mnada kabla shauri halijafunguliwa itawawia vigumu sana kuirejesha mali hiyo, na pengine isirejee kabisa.
Mkuu, ni matumaini yangu umenielewa vilivyo. Jisikie huru kuuliza chochote ambacho hujakielewa. Karibu sana.
Jaffary
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Mkuu Dragoon nnatafuta case law ambayo inaonyesha kuwa siyo lazima kuwa na company resolution once the company wants to sue.
I'm aware of some past conflicting decision on that requirement, others need it to be attached and other see it of insignificant. I don't have any of them.
So if anyone have the same please share!
I'm aware of some past conflicting decision on that requirement, others need it to be attached and other see it of insignificant. I don't have any of them.
So if anyone have the same please share!
Ty_Vigilante
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Im proud to be a "LAWYER"...
Manda88
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- Oct 3, 2017
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Mr Dragoon,
Naomba msaada: Hivi Power of attorney (POA) inatolewa kwa NANI ie nani mwenye sifa za kupewa Power of attorney? Pili nani mwenye mamlaka ya kutoa power of attorney?
Kampuni inaweza kutoa power of attorney kwa NANI? Mteja wa kampuni anaweza kupewa POA? Kuna wahindi wamempa POA mtu anayefanya nao biashara awawakilishe katika kesi ya ardhi.. (of course wamemweka wakili) aliyefungua shauri ni mteja wao. Je hiyo inaruhusiwa.
Je kama huyo aliyetoa POA yuko nchini ni sahihi kisheria kumap mtu POA?
Lastly nasikia kuna kesi ya CA inayokataza mtu baki kama huyu mteja wa kampuni kupewa POA. Any relevant case kuhusu power of attorney naomba please
Msaada tafadhali
Dragoon
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Kiongozi Retired ,
Power of attoney ni hati inayotoa na kudhibitisha mamlaka ya mtu fulani kufanya kitu fulani kwa niaba ya mtoaji. [the power of attorney is defined to be a document executed by a person in favour of another empowering the latter to do any lawful act or acts for and on behalf of the donor:… (Ahmed Ibrahim Bora v. Mehboob Abdulkarim Shivji & Another, Misc. Commercial Cause No. 17 of 2007)]
Power of attorney kimsingi zipo za aina mbili:- (1) inayompa mtu au kampuni kusimamia na kutekeleza shughuli mbalimbali zinazohusu mali na haki za mtu au kampuni, na (2) inayompa mtu au kampuni haki ya kusimamia kesi katika mahakama za Tanzania. Aina zote hizi mbili ni sharti zisajiliwe kisheria ili kuwa halali. Ile ya kwanza inasajiliwa chini ya the Registration of Documents Act, cap 117 na the Land Registration Act, cap 334.
Mtu yeyote mwenye age of majority na mwenye akili timamu anao uwezo wa kutoa Power of Attorney au kupewa Power of Attorney, kulingana na matakwa na dhamira ya Power of Attorney yenyewe. Pia kampuni inaweza kutoa na kupewe Power of Attorney. Hata hivyo hati hii ya Power of Attorney lazima iwe katika mfumo wa kiapo, na isainiwe na wakili au kamishina wa viapo.
Kama nilivyoeleza hapo awali, kampuni pia inao uwezo wa kutoa POA. Inaweza kutoa kwenda kwa kampuni, wakili au kwa mtu binafsi. Inaweza hata kutoa POA kwa mteja wake, kulingana na dhamira ya POA yenyewe. Kuhusu kampuni kumpa mtu POA kusimamia kesi ya Ardhi ni tata. Kwa Tanzania hairuhusiwi mtu kusimamia kesi katika mwavuli wa POA isipokuwa katika mazingira yafuatayo:
1. Anayewakilishwa awe nje ya mipaka ya Tanzania na hawezi kufika nchini kirahisi. [Zarina Mohamed v Leonida Sakulo, Land Case No. 166/2010 (unreported); Georgia Celestine Mtikila Vs. Registered Trustees of Dar es salaam Nursery School & Another [1998] TLR 512; Property Consultancy v Seemi Probil Co Ltd & Others, Land Case No. 258/2008; Naiman Moiro Vs Nailejiet K. J. Zablon [1980] TLR 274]
2. Anayewakilishwa isiwe kampuni au corporate body, Kampuni inawakilishwa na wakili au athorised officer (afisa wa kampuni) lakini sio wakala. Mtu mwenye hisa katika kampuni anao uwezo kuwakilisha kampuni katika shauri kwa niaba ya wanahisa wengine pekee, si kwa niaba ya kampuni [Ahmed Ibrahim Bora v Mehboob Abdulkarim Shivji & Another, Misc. CC No. 17/2017. Angalia pia John Nyaronga v Captain Ferdinando Ponti & 2 others, CC No. 62/2009 (Mruma, J.)] Kampuni itawakilishwa na meneja wake, mwanabodi wake au katibu wake lakini ni lazima iidhinishwe na Bodi ya kampuni (company resolution) – Kanuni ya 30 (3) ya Court of Appeal Rules, 2009.
3. Kwa baadhi ya mashauri mtu anaweza kuwakilisha mtu kwa mwavuli wa POA katika mahakama za mwanzo, ambako CPC na sheria zingine hazitumiki na wana kanuni zao za kuendesha mashauiri [Deemay Sikay v Neema Magoni, CAT Civil Appeal No. 3/2011 (unreported)]
4. Mwakilishi anaeshikilia POA sharti aidhinishwe na Msajili wa Mahakama ya Rufani kusimamia kesi hiyo kama kesi iko mahakama ya Rufani, kama ni mahakama kuu ni lazima iidhinishwe na Msajili wa mahakama kuu.
Kwa ufupi POA haifanyi kazi kama mwenye kesi yupo ndani ya mipaka ya nchi [Angalia kanunu ya 30 (2) ya Court of Appeal Rules 2009, ambapo hata Mahakama za chini hufuata utaratibu huo. Pia angalia kesi za Abbas Khatib Haji v Haidar Thabit Kombo, CAT Civil Appeal No. 5/2002 (unreported) na Hamisi Kirumbini v Pantaleo Asenga, CAT Civ. Appl. No. 157/2005 (unreported)].
Kwa maelezo haya kampuni hiyo ya wahindi kama ulivyoeleza haina msingi kisheria kumpa mtu POA kusimamia kesi yao.
Karibu sana.....
Dragoon
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Mkuu Jaffary ni kweli upo mkanganyiko katika mahakama zetu kuhusu hii issue.
A company is a corporate body capable of suing. In order for the company to sue, there is no need to seek company resolution. A company resolution need only be sought if the issue touches the management of the company or, in other words, the suit concerns internal affairs of the company among its members and shares. See Rule 30 (3) of Court of Appeal Rules, 2009. See also Ahmed Ibrahim Bora v. Mehboob Abdulkarim Shivji & Another, Misc. Commercial Cause No. 17 of 2007 (unreported) and John Nyaronga v Captain Ferdinando Ponti & 2 Others, cc No.62 of 2009 (unreported)
There is a number of conflicting decisions of the High Court concerning the issue of a company seeking a resolution before instituting a suit. Some judges prefer presence of a resolution and other judges hold that a company resolution is not needed for the company to institute a suit in its corporate name.
However, the law in Tanzania, save as elaborated in the first paragraph above, does not require a resolution for a company to sue. The corporate capacity of a company makes it a legal person capable of suing. Any of its authorised officer or advocate bears a right of audience in courts.
Some practicing advocates have preferred legal technicalities to defeat suits by companies based on absence of resolutions authorizing companies to sue. Some judges and magistrates have taken unprecedented strictures in reaching agreement with such advocates, ending in striking out cases instituted without a prior resolution to sue.
Here is a number of decisions in which judges hold that company resolution is not a condition precedent for the company to institute a suit.
Your Lordship , thanks a lot for this incredible piece of information and references.
Dragoon , natumaini umeamka salama. Nikuombe, kwa heshima na taadhima, hukumu ya Lulu ikitoka tuwekee hapa maana it might be an interesting judgement to read and make a legal analysis, whatever the outcome. I, do expect a high level relevant law research by the judge before writing such a judgement. Just for leisure, read this and you will appreciate that judges are not predictable. Angalia Justices of appeal walivyotoa quite a different version of the reasoning that resulted in what I can term as " a U-turn of reasoning such that no body would have expected such a final verdict!"
Dragoon
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Katika hii kesi majaji wa Mahakama ya rufaa walijipa mamlaka ya kuchambua upya ushahidi uliowwekwa mbele ya trial court. Wakabadili verdict toka murder hadi kuwa manslaughter, na hatimae wakafanya mitigation suo mottu, intra-partes, na kutoa sentence.
Mahakama inayosikiliza rufaa inayo mamlaka ya kupitia upya ushahidi na kuudadavua. Wakili wa utetezi (Nyange) aligusi kuhusu kupunguzwa kwa kosa kutoka la mauaji hadi kuua pasipo kukusudia. Somo linalopatikana hapa ni kuwa mawakili wa utetezi wanao wajibu wa kutetea mteja wao kwa kadri ya sheria na kanuni zake. Mwanzo (katika trial court) wakili wa utetezi hakufanya jitiada zozote kumuokoa mteja wake. Majaji wa rufaa waliliona hili na kuamua kuokoa jahazi.