'Made in China 2025' ukipenda iite MIC25
Huu ni mpango kabambe wa serikali ya China wa miaka 10 (2015-2025). Ambapo China imepanga kufikia 2025 ijitegemee kabisa katika teknolojia za hali ya juu (high tech) na innovation.
Lengo ni kufikia the 4th industrial revolution (the integration of intelligent digital technologies into manufacturing and industrial processes)
Haikuwa kazi rahisi, ndani ya miaka 10 wanasayansi na engineers wa China wamepambana sana kutumia elimu na ujuzi wao kwa kufanya research ili wafikie innovation katika high tech licha ya vita vya kiuchumi na kiteknolojia kutoka Marekani.
Hii inaturudisha nyuma hadi mwaka 2015 ambapo raisi wa China Xi Jinping akiwa na miaka 2 tu tangu aingie madarakani, yeye na viongozi wengine wa CPC walipokuja na huu mpango.
MIC25 iligusa maeneo 260 ambayo yaligawanywa katika makundi 10 makuu:
1. The new generation of IT
2. High end numerical control machine tools and robotics
3. Aviation and aerospace equipment
4. Maritime equipment andhigh tech shipping
5. Advanced rail transportation equipment
6. Energy saving vehicles and NEVs
7. Power equipment
8. Agricultural machinery equipment
9. Medicine and medical devices
10. New materials
Ikiwa imebaki miezi 6 tayari China imefikia 88% ya malengo hayo. Hebu tuangazie kwa kifupi.
1. THE NEW GENERATION OF INFORMATION TECH (IT)
(a)5G tech
●Kwa upande wa 5G HUAWEI ndiyo ilikuwa kampuni ya kwanza kutumia 5G commercial chip mwaka 2019. Kwa sasa wameanza kuelekea kwenye 6G
●China is the world's largest 5G network
●Makampuni ya China HUAWEI na ZTE yameshikilia 60% ya kandarasi na uuzaji wa vifaa vya 5G sehemu mbalimbali duniani.
(b)Operating system
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●Wakati simu nyingi zikitunia Android OS na Apple wakitumia IOS, HUAWEI walifanya mapinduzi wakati wa vita vya kiuchumi na wakaja na Operating System yao iitwayo Harmony OS mwaka 2022.
(c)Semiconductors na integrated circuits [IC]
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● China ikiwa mzalishaji mkubwa wa vifaa vya umeme duniani inahitaji sana chips na IC. Hivyo ili kuepuka kutegemea sana chips na IC kutoka nje, MIC25 plan imeweza kuifanya kampuni ya kutengeneza chips na IC ya SMIC kuwa ya tatu kwa ukubwa duniani kwa utengenezaji wa chips na IC na kimapato nyuma ya Samsung na TSMC ya Taiwan.
Kwa sasa wanafanya mass production ya chips za 7nm na wameanza kuunda chips za 5nm wakishirikiama na kampuni tanzu ya HUAWEI iitwayo HiSilicon. Now they are working on 3nm chips.
(f)Industrial software, and smart manufacturing
●Badala ya kutegemea software za kutoka nje hasa nchi za Magharibi, MIC25 imewezesha kampuni za ndani kutengeneza software. Kwa sasa software zilizotengenezwa China zimeshika 70% ya soko la ndani.
Kufikia 2022, kuna zaidi ya makampuni 35,000 ya software.
Notable Companies in the Software Development in China industry:
1. Huawei Technologies Ltd,
2. Alibaba Group Holding Limited,
3. Neusoft Corporation
4. Haier group,
5. leit system Co.
6. Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Tech Co. Ltd
(g) Servers, desktop CPUs, solid-state drives, high-speed fiber optics, industrial operating systems and big data systems
●China ilizuia matumizi ya processor, database software na operating system za makampuni ya Marekani kama Intel, AMD na Microsoft Windows kwa matumizi ya serikali na mashirika makubwa ya mawasiliano ya China.
Lengo ni kuacha utegemezi wa kiteknolojia na kuzipa nafasi kampuni za ndani katika teknolojia ya hardware na software.
Notable domestic companies for computer processor:
1. Loongson
2. Zhaoxin
Notable domestic companies approved for desktop and server operating systems:
1. The Galaxy Kirin Linux
2. The Tongxin OS
3. Fangde OS
Notable domestic companies for database:
1. Alibaba Cloud's PolarDB
2. Tencent’s TDSQL
2. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE EQUIPMENT
(a)Aerospace
●Tiangong Space Station (ISS). Hivi sasa kuna vituo viwili tu vya anga vinavyofanya kazi kikamilifu. Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Anga za Juu (ISS) na Kituo cha Anga cha Tiangong cha China (TSS) kilichozinduliwa 2021.
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●The global BeiDou satellite navigation system
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Mfumo wa Satellite wa BeiDou wa China (BDS) ulizinduliwa rasmi 2022. Umetambuliwa kuwa wa kiwango kinachohitajika na Shirika la Kimataifa la Usafiri wa Anga (ICAO), na kuufanya mfumo huu kukubalika ulimwenguni kote kwa usafiri wa anga.
Una satellite 56 katika orbit, una ukubwa mara mbili wa mfumo wa GPS pia una zaidi ya monitoring stations 10.
BeiDou ni mojawapo ya mifumo ya satellite minne ya kimataifa, pamoja na GPS ya Marekani, GLONASS ya Urusi na Galileo ya Umoja wa Ulaya.
●Zhurong rover
Mwaka 2021 kifaa kiitwacho Zhurong kilitua sayari ya Mars kwa ajili ya exploration.
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In 2024 China lands probe on far side of the Moon, 1st country to reach there and collect rock samples there.
(b)Aviation
Mwaka 2023 COMAC walizindua ndege ya kwanza ya abiria kutengenezwa China, C919.
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3. MARITIME EQUIPMENT AND HIGH TECH SHIPS
China inaongoza duniani ikifuatiwa na South Korea na Japan.
(a)China inaunda container ships, oil tankers ships, LNG ships na Ro-Ro ships
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(b)Aircraft carriers
Kwa sababu ya advacement katika ship building China imeweza kuboresha jeshi lake la Navy kwa kutengeneza aircraft carriers na aina nyingine za meli vita bora kama type 055 destroyer.
China's first domestically aircraft carrier Shandong ilizinduliwa mwaka 2017
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Fujian aircraft carrier imezinduliwa mwaka huu 2024. The largest carrier ever built outside of the United States
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China's Type 055 destroyer best surface combatant in the world. (Ina new hypersonic missile YJ-21, area air defence HHQ-9, anti-ship YJ-18, anti-submarine YU-8)
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(c)Super cruise ship
Mwaka 2023 China ikazindua cruise ship ya kwanza Adora Magic City na mwaka huu nyingine kubwa zaidi ya Adora iko dock, Shanghai ikiundwa.
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4. ENERGY SAVING VEHICLES AND NEVs
●Made in China 2025 plan (MIC25) imeifanya China ishike nafasi ya kwanza duniani katika utengenezaji na uuzaji wa magari ya umeme (EVs)
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Mwaka 2023 BYD iliizidi TESLA na kuwa kinara si tu katika uuzaji wa magari ya umeme bali pia teknolojia ya energy saving.
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Kampuni ya kutengeneza magari ya BYD imezindua gari la mfumo wa Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) PHEV ni magari ambayo yana mifumo miwili umeme na mafuta. Kwa maneno rahisi kama chaji kwenye battery imeisha unatumia mafuta and vice versa. Model hiyo imepewa jina la BYD Qin L. Ukijaza...
Ukiacha BYD China ina EVs auto manufacturers nyingine zinazofanya vizuri kama Chery, Nio, Li, SAIC, Geely, Xiaomi, Xpeng n.k
5. POWER EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY
(a)Photovoltaic na solar panel techs
●China account for over 80% of global solar panel market share.
The largest solar panel manufacturers in China include Tongwei Solar, JA Solar, Aiko Solar, and LONGi Solar, all of which are also the top global solar PV manufacturers.
In general, Chinese companies dominate the top 10 list for solar panel manufacturers.
Installed solar power in China larger than the next 3 countrues combined
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(b)Wind turbines
China ndio wazalishaji wakubwa duniani wa wind turbines na vifaa vyake on global market. Goldwind kampuni ya China is a world leader in wind turbine.
China controls EVERY major wind turbine supply chain segment:
Gearboxes (80%)
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Generators (65%)
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Blades (60%)
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(c)EVs batteries
●CATL ndiyo kampuni namba 1 duniani kwa utengenezaji wa battery za magari ya umeme inafuatiwa na BYD. Kwa ujumla 50% ya soko la EVs batteries limetawaliwa na hizi brands mbili za Kichina.
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(d)Nuclear power technology
China imeweza kujenga nuclear power reactors kwa kutumia teknolojia iliyobuniwa na wanasayansi wa China iitwayo Hualong One technology badala ya kutegemea teknolojia kutoka nchi za Magharibi.
Kinu cha kuzalisha umeme wa nyuklia kinachotumia Hualong One tech, Southeast China's Fujian province.
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6. ADVANCED RAIL TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
7. MEDICINE AND MEDICAL DEVICES
Kwa miaka mingi mashine za MRI na CT scan zimekuwa zikitengenezwa na makampuni ya nchi za Magharibi kama SIEMENS, GE na PHILIPS.
Hatimaye China kupitia mpango wake wa Made in China 2025 imewezesha kampuni ya Kichina ya Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd. kuunda na kuanza mass production ya mashine hizo.
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8. ROBOTICS
9. AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY EQUIPMENT
The government of China has been supporting the agricultural equipment manufacturing companies to a great extent. The central government provided 120 billion of subsidies to the industry. China’s agricultural machinery manufacturing industry mainly produced equipment used for the treatment of soil, fertilization, gardening, plant harvesting, crop farming, etc.
According to statistics, China has an annual output value of more than 500 billion US$.
The list of biggest manufacturers of agricultural machinery in China
1. YTO Group Corporation
2. Shandong Foton Heavy Industry International
3. Hubei Fotma Machinery Company
4. Weifang CP Machinery Company Limited
5. Jiangsu Yueda Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Company
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Ukweli utabaki kuwa China kupitia chama cha CPC is very skilled at making long-plans and achieving them accurately.
Lakini Marekani haikupendezwa na mpango wa Made in China 2025 ku-break dependence on foreign technologies.
Ndio maana vita vya kiuchumi na kiteknolojia dhidi ya China vilianza hasa 2018 Trump akiwa raisi wa Marekani na vinaendelea mpaka sasa chini ya Biden.
Afrika tuna mengi sana ya kujifunza kutoka kwa China on how to set plans and goals and achieve them.