Kobello, ni jadi yako kutupia humu jamvini michoro na data nyingi bila mpangilio ikiambatana na analysis kiduchu, ukitarajia kwamba tutakuwa mesmerized, hypnotized and bewitched. It’s not going to happen.
Kabla ya kuingia katika mjadala wa allocation, kwanza tujadili major sources of Revenues for Local Government Authorities (LGAs). Kama tulivyojadili throughout, Serikali kuu ndio main source of revenues for our Local Government Authorities (Serikali ngazi za halmashauri). Kuna aina kuu nne ya funding flows kutoka serikali kuu kwenda serikali ngazi za halmashauri:
1. Kwanza ni component ya ‘Recurrent Block grants’: Personal Emoluments (PE).
2. Pili ni component ya ‘Recurrent Block grants’: Other Charges (OC) Component.
3. Tatu ni Recurrent Subversions and Basket Funds.
4. Nne ni Development Grants and Development Funds.
Hivyo ndio jinsi gani modalities za LGA finances zilivyogawanyika. Katika mgawanyiko huu,
‘recurrent block grants’ imeendelea kuwa the major source of funding kwa serikali ngazi za halmashauri, as they represent over 50% (in some cases, karibia 80%) of LGAs funds in each financial year.
Swali linalofuata ni je:
· Hizi block grants zinaenda kugharamia vitu gani?
Jibu ni kwamba zinaelekezwa kugharamia ‘key public services delivery’ zifuatazo katika ngazi za halmashauri:
a) Health care (our main focus in this discussion).
b) Primary education (we will deal with this later).
c) Agriculture Extension services (we will deal with this later).
d) Water supply (we will deal with this later).
e) Road Maintenance (we will deal with this later).
f) General administration (e.g. salaries for senior employees) and
compensation for revenues.
Baada ya kujadili hayo, sasa tuje kwenye hoja yako kuhusu “allocation”.
Mwaka 2004 chini ya Rais Mkapa, Baraza la Mawaziri lilipitisha ‘a formula based recurrent transfer system’ ambayo ililenga kuweka ‘grant ceilings’ kwa maeneo matano kati ya sita tuliyoona hapo juu. Maeneo hayo ni:
·
Health care
· Primary education
· Extension services (Agriculture)
· Water supply (Rural)
· Road Maintenance (local)
Miaka miwili baadae (2006), serikali ikaja na ‘a formula based general purpose grant’ ambapo ‘local administration & compensation grants’, ziliunganishwa. Vigezo vilivyotumika kupitisha ‘formula’ husika ili kufanikisha resource “ALLOCATION” kwa serikali ngazi za Halmashauri ilizingatia ‘factors’ kuu tano kama ifuatavyo:
1. Population.
2. Number of School aged children (kwa ajili ya primary education grant).
3. Poverty count/incidence.
4.
Infant Mortality rate kama proxy ya “burden of diseases” (kwa ajili ya sekta ya afya).
5. Distance from Council headquarters to service outlets kama proxy for “land area.”
Tujadili kidogo suala la ‘Burden of Diseases’.
Kwenye hili, tukumbushane kwamba kwa mujibu wa utafiti wa World Health Organization, 85% of the disease burden in the country can be addressed by
available, cost-effective interventions.”
Pia tukumbushane kwamba kwa mujibu wa tafiti mbalimbali including WHO, majority of the causes of ‘Morbidity” (or causes of disease burden) nchini ni magonjwa ya kuambukiza (Communicable Diseases), na
sio non-communicable diseases. Miaka 56 baada ya Uhuru!
Mchanganuo wake ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Communicable diseases 60%
- Perinatal (magonjwa immediately before and after birth) 15%
- Non-Communicable diseases 10%
- Nutritional 5%
- Underdetermined 5%
- Injury 3%
- Maternal 2%
Muhimu
1. Hapo juu tumeona kwamba KIGEZO muhimu cha Serikali wakati wa kufanya grants
“allocation” kwenye sekta ya Afya katika serikali ngazi ya Halmashauri zetu nchini ni
“Infant Mortality rate kama proxy ya “burden of diseases”.
2. Kuna mgongano mkubwa baina ya
‘original design’ na
‘actual implementation’ linapokuja suala la formula – based recurrent grant system. Tofauti na design, in practice, each of the sectoral block inajengwa na sehemu kuu mbili ambazo ni:
- Component ya ‘Personal Emolument’ (PE)
- Component ya ‘Other Charges’ (OC)
Kati ya hizi mbili, sehemu kubwa ya funding flows kutoka serikali kuu kwenda serikali ngazi za halmashauri ni
‘Personal Emolument’ (PE), karibia 80% ya jumla ya block grants allocations zote. Kwa maana hii, ‘Personal Emolument’ (PE) inachukua sehemu kubwa zaidi ya financial resources zote katika ngazi ya LGAs.
3.
Kwa kuazima maneno yako makuu matatu “UAUMUZI, UAMUZI, UAMUZI”, tofauti na malengo yaliyodhamiriwa katika ‘formula based grant system’, ‘Personal Emolument’ (PE) kwa kila Local Government Authority inaendelea kuwa determined in a ‘discretionary manner’ na O
fisi ya Rais, Menejimenti ya Utumishi wa Umma. Kwa maana hii, viwango vya rasilimali fedha kwa ajili ya ‘Personal Emolument’ (PE) kwa kila Local Government Authority haifuati the formula based “allocation”.