Tabora: Rais Samia akifungua barabara ya Tabora, Koga, Mpanda
Tabora: Rais Samia akifungua barabara ya Tabora, Koga, Mpanda
Kabwe Katali
JF-Expert Member
- Dec 8, 2021
- 475
- 934
Mto koga kuna fursa kibao za utalli hii barabara itarahisisha watalii kumiminika kwa wingi.Royal tour oyeeeee.
MWANDENDEULE
JF-Expert Member
- May 24, 2015
- 4,099
- 7,466
Hiyo ndio Mboka Manyema! Enzi zile ukiweka mkono kwenye dirisha la treni ukiwa na saa inatembea na wanyamwezi hali kadhalika kibaraghashia kiliweza tembea na wahuni ukitoa kichwa kindezindezi
MUTUYAMUNGU
JF-Expert Member
- Jan 25, 2014
- 1,825
- 4,374
MAUNIFOMU YA KIJANI KWENYE SHEREHE ZA KITAIFA NI ZAIDI YA UZWAZWA.
MBOGAMBOGA FC.
MBOGAMBOGA FC.
jiwe angavu
JF-Expert Member
- Aug 28, 2015
- 20,419
- 39,217
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
- 128,275
Hata kama seed money ikitoka kwenye kodi, SWF ikijisimamisha kutakuwa na chanzo cha mapato kingine zaidi ya kodi.
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
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Watu wa serikali ya Tanzania wanajua mambo mengi sana, tatizo utekelezaji.
Wwatu walishaanza ku explore hili tangu uongozi wa Kikwete.
Tatizo utekelezaji.
Should Tanzania establish a sovereign wealth fund?
Abstract Many natural resource abundant countries have established sovereign wealth funds as part of their strategy of managi...
www.cmi.no
pye Chang shen
JF-Expert Member
- Jul 11, 2016
- 11,422
- 6,108
Wahuni si watu wazuri
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
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Ni mfuko wa kutegauchumi wa nchi
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF): Definition, Examples, and Types
A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund used to benefit the country's economy and citizens. Returns from these funds provide additional government revenue.
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)
By
THE INVESTOPEDIA TEAM
Updated November 25, 2020
Reviewed by
ERIC ESTEVEZ
What Is a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)?
A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens.The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources. Popular sources are surplus reserves from state-owned natural resource revenues, trade surpluses, bank reserves that may accumulate from budgeting excesses, foreign currency operations, money from privatizations, and governmental transfer payments.
In general, sovereign wealth funds usually have a targeted purpose. Some countries have sovereign wealth funds that can be similar to venture capital for the private sector.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund.
- Sovereign wealth funds can be derived from a variety of sources and used for a variety of purposes.
- Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country.
Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds
Similar to any type of investment fund, SWFs have their own objectives, terms, risk tolerances, liability matches, and liquidity concerns. Some funds may prefer returns over liquidity and vice versa. Depending on the assets and objectives, sovereign wealth funds’ risk management can range from very conservative to a high tolerance for risk.Types of SWFs
Traditional classifications of sovereign wealth funds include:- Stabilization funds
- Savings or future generation funds
- Public benefit pension reserve funds
- Reserve investment funds
- Strategic Development Sovereign Wealth Funds (SDSWF)
- Funds targeting specific industries (possibly emerging or distressed)
- Foreign currency reserve assets. (Some classifications may not consider these funds as SWFs.) Foreign currency reserve funds are powerful funds that may be used for specific governmental purposes and/or for helping to manage the trading power of a currency globally.
Investment Terms
The amount of money in a SWF is usually substantial. The acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Countries can create or dissolve SWFs to match the needs of their population. Funds with liquidity concerns may limit investments to only very liquid public debt instruments. In some cases, sovereign wealth funds will invest directly in domestic industries. Liquidity, debt, and allocation balances can be some of the key factors in investment terms.There can be a concern that SWFs have a political influence. Some of the most significant sovereign wealth funds are not entirely transparent about their investments and corporate governance practices.
Real-World Examples
The top five largest SWFs by assets as of August 2020 included:- Norway Government Pension Fund Global $1,073,590,000,000
- China Investment Corporation $940,604,000,000
- Abu Dhabi Investment Authority $579,621,120,000
- Kuwait Investment Authority $533,650,000,000
- Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio $528,054,000,000 1
Norway Government Pension Fund Global
71%
The 2019 allocation of Norway's sovereign wealth fund in equities.2Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global is the largest in the world. It was established in 1990 as the Government Petroleum Fund, with the initial purpose of creating a fund to hold surplus revenues from the country’s oil trade. In 2006 it changed its name to the Norway Government Pension Fund Global.3
The Norway fund invests in equities, fixed income, and real estate. In 2019, it reported a return of 19.9%, led by equities with a return of 26.0%. In 2019, 71% of the fund was in equity, 3% in real estate, and 27% in fixed income.2
China Investment Corporation
The China Investment Corporation is a $941 billion SWF. This fund is used for managing a portion of the country’s foreign currency reserves.4 The Chinese Ministry of Finance established the China Investment Corporation in 2007 by issuing special bonds.5Public Pensions
The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds and the Government Pension Investment Fund Japan are the two largest government public pension funds in the world. The SWF Institute doesn’t include these in the pure SWF rankings.6The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds has $2.9 trillion in total assets. The Government Pension Investment Fund for Japan has $1.5 trillion in assets.6 These funds focus on helping a growing elderly population from funding through the current labor force.
The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds invest in special issue securities.7 The Japan GPIF is more diversified with allocations to domestic bonds, foreign bonds, domestic equities, and foreign equities.8
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inamankusweke
JF-Expert Member
- Apr 24, 2014
- 20,344
- 21,967
Money generated by the government!!...government generates money from taxes,levy,loans,grants,aids,finesNi mfuko wa kutegauchumi wa nchi
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF): Definition, Examples, and Types
A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund used to benefit the country's economy and citizens. Returns from these funds provide additional government revenue.www.investopedia.com
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)
By
THE INVESTOPEDIA TEAM
Updated November 25, 2020
Reviewed by
ERIC ESTEVEZ
What Is a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF)?
A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund comprised of money generated by the government, often derived from a country's surplus reserves. SWFs provide a benefit for a country's economy and its citizens.
The funding for a SWF can come from a variety of sources. Popular sources are surplus reserves from state-owned natural resource revenues, trade surpluses, bank reserves that may accumulate from budgeting excesses, foreign currency operations, money from privatizations, and governmental transfer payments.
In general, sovereign wealth funds usually have a targeted purpose. Some countries have sovereign wealth funds that can be similar to venture capital for the private sector.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- A sovereign wealth fund is a state-owned investment fund.
- Sovereign wealth funds can be derived from a variety of sources and used for a variety of purposes.
- Acceptable investments in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country.
Understanding Sovereign Wealth Funds
Similar to any type of investment fund, SWFs have their own objectives, terms, risk tolerances, liability matches, and liquidity concerns. Some funds may prefer returns over liquidity and vice versa. Depending on the assets and objectives, sovereign wealth funds’ risk management can range from very conservative to a high tolerance for risk.
Types of SWFs
Traditional classifications of sovereign wealth funds include:
- Stabilization funds
- Savings or future generation funds
- Public benefit pension reserve funds
- Reserve investment funds
- Strategic Development Sovereign Wealth Funds (SDSWF)
- Funds targeting specific industries (possibly emerging or distressed)
- Foreign currency reserve assets. (Some classifications may not consider these funds as SWFs.) Foreign currency reserve funds are powerful funds that may be used for specific governmental purposes and/or for helping to manage the trading power of a currency globally.
Investment Terms
The amount of money in a SWF is usually substantial. The acceptable investments included in each SWF vary from fund to fund and country to country. Countries can create or dissolve SWFs to match the needs of their population. Funds with liquidity concerns may limit investments to only very liquid public debt instruments. In some cases, sovereign wealth funds will invest directly in domestic industries. Liquidity, debt, and allocation balances can be some of the key factors in investment terms.
There can be a concern that SWFs have a political influence. Some of the most significant sovereign wealth funds are not entirely transparent about their investments and corporate governance practices.
Real-World Examples
The top five largest SWFs by assets as of August 2020 included:
- Norway Government Pension Fund Global $1,073,590,000,000
- China Investment Corporation $940,604,000,000
- Abu Dhabi Investment Authority $579,621,120,000
- Kuwait Investment Authority $533,650,000,000
- Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio $528,054,000,000 1
Norway Government Pension Fund Global
71%
The 2019 allocation of Norway's sovereign wealth fund in equities.2
Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global is the largest in the world. It was established in 1990 as the Government Petroleum Fund, with the initial purpose of creating a fund to hold surplus revenues from the country’s oil trade. In 2006 it changed its name to the Norway Government Pension Fund Global.3
The Norway fund invests in equities, fixed income, and real estate. In 2019, it reported a return of 19.9%, led by equities with a return of 26.0%. In 2019, 71% of the fund was in equity, 3% in real estate, and 27% in fixed income.2
China Investment Corporation
The China Investment Corporation is a $941 billion SWF. This fund is used for managing a portion of the country’s foreign currency reserves.4 The Chinese Ministry of Finance established the China Investment Corporation in 2007 by issuing special bonds.5
Public Pensions
The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds and the Government Pension Investment Fund Japan are the two largest government public pension funds in the world. The SWF Institute doesn’t include these in the pure SWF rankings.6
The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds has $2.9 trillion in total assets. The Government Pension Investment Fund for Japan has $1.5 trillion in assets.6 These funds focus on helping a growing elderly population from funding through the current labor force.
The U.S. Social Security Trust Funds invest in special issue securities.7 The Japan GPIF is more diversified with allocations to domestic bonds, foreign bonds, domestic equities, and foreign equities.8
SPONSORED
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Kinyungu
JF-Expert Member
- Apr 6, 2008
- 19,484
- 38,416
Nchi yenye madeni na matatizo kama hii chanzo cha hiyo Sovereign W fund itakuwa ni kitu gani?
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
- 128,275
Yeah, then invested, so that the government doesn't depend on taxes entirely.
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
- 128,275
Hayo mapato kutoka kwenye natural gas, oil, minerals tunge ya manage vizuri, tungeweza.
Hela zipo, zinakuwa mismanaged.
Kinyungu
JF-Expert Member
- Apr 6, 2008
- 19,484
- 38,416
Hapa ndipo kwenye kitendawili.
Kimsingi hizo rasilimali hatuzimiliki kwa hiyo hakuna namna tunaweza kupata hela kutoka huko.
Serikali ni kama vibarua tu wa wawekezaji ambao wanasubiri ujira wao wa siku. Hawana jeuri ya ku save kwa baadae
Kiranga
Platinum Member
- Jan 29, 2009
- 78,790
- 128,275
Madeni nchi tajiri ndizo zinaongoza kwa debt/GDP ratio na matatizo ni matokeo ya mismanagement.
Nchi ina madini kemkem, natural gas, ardhi nzuri, etc, haiwezi kukosa vyanzo vya pesa.
Tatizo letu si kukosa fedha, tatizo letu ni kukosa nidhamu ya kudhibiti fedha.
Ukifuatilia ripoti za CAG, ukiangalia fedha za umma zinavyotapanywa, utaona kuna hela, hela ya kuanzia tusingeshindwa, matatizo ni management.